Purpose: The present study aims to investigate the dynamic relationship between international tourist receipts, economic growth, energy use and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in Pakistan over the period 1980-2016. Many researchers have investigated the link between tourism and CO₂emissions, but there is no clear picture as the results are contradictory. This study is an attempt to compliment the literature related to tourism and environmental quality.Design/methodology/approach: The study adopted the autoregressive distributed lagged (ARDL) model to investigate the short- and long-run estimates simultaneously. The study further applied Granger causality to find out the direction of causalities. To arrive at long-run robust estimates, the study used dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) model.Findings: The results found that tourist receipts have no significant impact on environmental quality, while growth and energy consumption are the main determinants of CO₂emissions in Pakistan. The Granger causality test confirmed unidirectional causalities from GDP and energy consumption toward CO₂emissions, while tourist receipts do not affect environmental quality. DOLS technique confirmed the long-run estimates of ARDL model.Research limitations/implications: The result of the study complements the literature by adding new evidence regarding the nexus of tourism and environment. Findings of the study are important for policymakers and regulatory bodies to place their focus on the development of tourism sector (services sector) rather than energy-intensive manufacturing activities to sustain the growth of the country in higher quartiles, as tourism receipts have no significant negative externalities toward environment, while energy use is one of the key determinants of environmental degradation.Originality/value: This study used time series data over the period 1980-2016 for Pakistan to inspect the dynamic relationship between tourist receipts, economic growth, energy consumption and CO₂emissions.

This study investigates the relationship between CO₂ emissions and its determinants, namely, technological innovations (TIs), international tourism and economic growth for Pakistan between 1990 and 2017. The ARDL bounds and Bayer and Hanck tests of cointegration revealed that variables of the study are cointegrated in the long-run. Based on the findings of the study, it is concluded that technological innovation in the country could prove environment-friendly as improved technology could result in efficient production and less energy use, thus fewer emissions. Moreover, this study concluded that short and long-term gains in tourism and economic growth are at the cost of environmental quality which is neither feasible nor favourable looking into the SDGs.

The tourists' decision to visit the desired destination stems from an image created in their minds because of the marketing strategies of their destination. A lack of research regarding factors influencing tourist destination visit intention calls for further investigation of how tourist evaluates available destination. Using the opinions of 338 UAE nationals and a partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS) approach, this study empirically examines the impact of destination brand equity (i.e. destination brand image, destination brand awareness, destination brand loyalty and destination brand quality) and destination brand authenticity (Continuity, Credibility, Integrity, Symbolism) on tourists' intention to visit. The results revealed that both the constructs (i.e. destination brand equity and destination brand authenticity) significantly influence tourists' destination visit intention. The current study aims to address a vexing question of making a good memory of the tourists' destination and bringing more unexpected positive experiences. This study further provides some theoretical and managerial implications for the improvement of the tourism industry.

This study aims to inspect the impact of tourist’s arrivals, structural change, economic growth and energy use on carbon dioxide emissions in Pakistan over the period 1981–2017. The study based on unit root tests employed Autoregressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL) bounds and Bayer and Hanck [2013. Combining non-cointegration tests. Journal of Time Series Analysis, 34(1), 83–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9892.2012.00814.x] combined cointegration test and confirms the presence of long-run relationship between the variables. To estimate the short and long-run results the study employed ARDL model and found that structural changes, international tourism and energy consumption are at the cost of environmental quality. The study further applied VECM based Granger causality test and revealed unidirectional causality from international tourist’s arrivals, GDP and energy consumption towards CO₂ emissions. This study suggests that the tourism in Pakistan should be on environmentally sustainable basis and the composition of economic activities should be more services oriented.