Every year, more than 50 million metric tons of apples are produced, and apple pomace is frequently discarded as waste in the food industry. Apple pomace, a byproduct of apple juice and cider production, is used as a sustainable raw material to make valuable products such as nutraceuticals and pectin. Apple pomace contains a substantial amount of antioxidant compounds, which have been related to several health advantages. Therefore, valuable components extracted from this byproduct may be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The common and new technologies to obtain valuable products from apple pomace which has come from production of apple juice or cider. Especially, emphasis of new and green technique is very important and will contribute the literature. Therefore, this review discussed apple processing, pectin as a bioactive compound, the extraction methods, current applications of apple pomace byproducts, and future studies on its potential uses in food.

This review article provides an overview of the bioactive compounds of clove, their health benefits, and their potential application in food and beverages. Cloves are rich in phenolic compounds, mainly eugenol, which exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antifungal, and wound-healing properties. Traditional methods of clove extraction, such as Soxhlet and maceration, have limitations. Green extraction methods, such as ultrasound-assisted extraction, pressurised liquid extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction, have shown promising results. The potential application of clove extract in various food and beverage products are also discussed. Finally, future perspectives and challenges for clove extraction are highlighted. Overall, the review highlights the potential of clove extract as a natural source of bioactive compounds for various applications in the food and beverage industry.

Over 114 million metric tons of bananas are produced each year. The peel, which accounts for roughly one-third of the fruit’s weight, is commonly discarded as waste in the food industry. For centuries, the peel has been prized for its potential to heal a host of ailments. This by-product contains a large concentration of compounds with potent antioxidants linked to several health benefits. Consequently, the extracted valuable components, such as pectin, from this by-product could be applied to the pharmaceutical and food industries. More than 13% of pectin recovery is extracted by current extraction methods, such as ultrasound-assisted extraction. Subcritical water extraction also successfully extracts the pectin with high quality of extract. This review focuses on banana production and the role of pectin. Significant factors affecting its presence within the banana peel, the extraction methods, and current extraction applications are also presented and discussed, highlighting future research into its potential uses.

The objective of this study was to study and compare the effect of particle size on the modified supercritical carbon dioxide and soxhlet extraction in terms of oil yield and antioxidant activity. The mean particle sizes of 300, 355, 425, and 500 µm for modified supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, the temperatures of 40 and 70 °C, pressure of 10 and 30 MPa, flow rate of CO₂ 3 mL/min, and rate of co‐solvent 5% were used in this study. Meanwhile, for soxhlet extraction, the extraction time was 6 hr with ethanol, hexane, and water as the solvent. DPPH method was used to analyze the antioxidant activity of the extract. The results showed that 425 µm gave the highest yield extract on the modified supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (15.53%), soxhlet extraction (36.28%), antioxidant activities for modified supercritical carbon dioxide (93.43%), and soxhlet extraction (62.21%). Single sphere model has successfully fitted the experimental data of modified supercritical carbon dioxide with error below 5% with the highest diffusivity coefficient was 6.794E‐12 m²/s at operating conditions was 10 MPa, 40 °C and particle size 425 µm. Practical applications Peanut skin as waste of peanut industries has many bioactive compounds and high antioxidant activities. Therefore, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction as a green technologhy carry out the extract from peanut skin. Addition of ethanol as modifier is needed to enhance the polarity of supercritical carbon dioxide to extract polar compounds inside of peanut skin. To begin with, the extract of peanut skin using modified supercritical carbon extraction is compared with soxhlet extraction as conventional extraction. Although soxhlet extraction obtained high yield extract, modified supercrirical carbon dioxide gave higher antioxidant activities. The antioxidant activity of modified supercritical carbon dioxide extraction was more than 90%. Furthermore, effect of particle size in the extraction processes was determined to obtain high extract yield and antioxidant activity. the result shows that 425 µm gave the maximum yield extract and antioxidant activity on the modified supercritical carbon dioxide and soxhlet extraction.

Rosmarinic acid (RA) is present in a broad variety of plants, including those in the Lamiaceae family, and has a wide range of pharmacological effects, particularly antioxidant activity. To extract RA from Orthosiphon stamineus (OS) leaves, a Lamiaceae plant, a suitable extraction process is necessary. The present study used a green extraction method of supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO₂) extraction with the addition of ethanol as a modifier to objectively measure and correlate the solubility of RA from OS leaves. The solubility of RA in SCCO₂ was determined using a dynamic extraction approach, and the solubility data were correlated using three density-based semi-empirical models developed by Chrastil, del Valle-Aguilera, and Gonzalez. Temperatures of 40, 60, and 80 °C and pressures of 10, 20, and 30 MPa were used in the experiments. The maximum RA solubility was found at 80 °C and 10 MPa with 2.004 mg of rosmarinic acid/L solvent. The RA solubility data correlated strongly with the three semi-empirical models with less than 10% AARD. Furthermore, the fastest RA extraction rate of 0.0061 mg/g min⁻¹ was recorded at 80 °C and 10 MPa, and the correlation using the Patricelli model was in strong agreement with experimental results with less than 15% AARD.