The central theme of this paper is the analysis of the usefulness of introducing four-wave mixing or modulation of Kerr nonlinearity in a nonuniform grating structure with gain and loss. To do so, we propose an inhomogeneous system in which the nonlinearity of the parity-time ( P T )-symmetric grating is modulated. It is proven that the proposed scheme can be fruitful only if the nonlinearity and its associated modulation terms are assumed to be self-defocusing. To cut down the intensity required for steering, the sign of chirping is taken to be negative, and the wavelength of operating light is considered to be higher than the Bragg wavelength. Alongside these settings, launching the light from the rear end of the device dramatically reduces the critical intensity to a value of 0.015 (approximately), which must be the lowest switching intensity ever reported in the context of nonlinear P T -symmetric gratings, to our knowledge. The ramp-like stable states in the broken P T -symmetric regime prevail even in the company of modulation in the nonlinearity index for both light incident directions.

This paper presents, a design method for the template of the hole-filler used to improve the performance of the character recognition using Numerical integration algorithms. This is done by analyzing the features of the hole-filler template and the dynamic process of CNN and by using popular numerical algorithms to obtain a set of inequalities satisfying its output characteristics as well as the parameter range of the hole-filler template. Some simulation results and comparisons are also presented.

Background/ Objective: This article identifies the best feature of the flame video, captured with a camera with frequency response in visible spectrum, from which the flame temperature can be estimated. Methods/Statistical analysis: The flame videos at different air and fuel inlets with different boiler temperatures were recorded from a diesel fired boiler prototype. In the video frames, the flame region was localised by intensity based adaptive thresholding. The correlation between boiler temperature and measures of central tendency and dispersion of different colour channels of the video frames were investigated. Findings: Among the features of the flame video, Standard deviation of blue channel grey levels above 32.95, variance greater than 1293 and mean absolute deviation (MAD) above 30.38 could efficiently represent the region of optimum combustion air supply at which boiler temperature is maximum above 684 degree Celsius. Range of green channel grey levels, interquartile mean, variance and mean absolute deviation of blue channel grey levels are the video features exhibiting maximum correlation (ρ>-0.96) with boiler temperature. Applications/Improvements: The features of the flame video which are correlated with its temperature can be utilised to develop non-intrusive methods of temperature measurement. This will enable efficient control of combustion process.

Ask search engine’s performance against the questions is better when compared to other search engines. In this article, we try to analyze the effect of ‘Wh’ que

The Runge-Kutta (RK)-Butcher algorithm is used to study the timevarying singular bilinear systems with the exact solutions. The results (discrete solutions) obtained using the Haar wavelets, Single-Term Walsh series (STWS) and RK-Butcher algorithms are compared with the exact solutions of the time-varying singular bilinear systems. It is found that the solution obtained using the RK-Butcher algorithm is closer to the exact solutions of the time-varying singular bilinear systems. The RK-Butcher algorithm can easily be implemented using a digital computer and the solution can be obtained for any length of time, which is an added advantage of this algorithm.