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- New technology development for growth control of fruit vegetable grafted seedling using environment-friendly mechanical stimulation - Development for large scale cutting propagation and flower bud differentiation methods for year round production of strawberry utilizing Agricultural Products Processing Center -Development of precise supplemental lighting technology and data-base construction of growth control technology of ICT-applied fruit vegetable plug seedling - Development of production environmental improvement and distribution technique for plug seedling production
This study aims to determine the effect of different CO2 concentrations and light intensities on the growth, photosynthetic rate, and bioactive compound content of Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schmidt ex Miquel in a closed-type plant production system (CPPS). The plants were transplanted into a deep floating technique system with recycling nutrient solution (EC 1.0 dS·m-1 and pH 6.5) and cultured for 96 days under a temperature of 20 ± 1 °C, a photoperiod of 12/12 h (light/dark), and RGB LEDs (red:green:blue = 7:1:2) in a CPPS. The experimental treatments were set to 500 or 1500 µmol∙mol−1 CO2 concentrations in combination with one of the three light intensities: 100, 200, or 300 µmol∙m−2∙s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). The petiole length of G. littoralis was the longest in the 500 µmol∙mol−1 CO2 concentration with the 100 µmol∙m−2∙s−1 PPFD. The fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) of shoots and roots were the heaviest in the 300 µmol∙m−2∙s−1 PPFD regardless of the CO2 concentration. Higher CO2 concentrations and light intensities produced the greatest photosynthetic rates. However, the SPAD value was not significantly different between the treatments. Higher light intensities produced greater content per biomass of chlorogenic acid and total saponin, although the concentration per DW or FW was not significantly different between treatments. The first and second harvest yields were the greatest in the 300 µmol∙m−2∙s−1 PPFD, regardless of the CO2 concentration. These results show that the 300 µmol∙m−2∙s−1 PPFD enhanced the growth, photosynthetic rate, and bioactive compound accumulation of G. littoralis, regardless of the CO2 concentration in a CPPS.
Hye Ri Lee; Hyeon Min Kim; Hyeon Woo Jeong; Myung Min Oh; Seung Jae Hwang. Growth and Bioactive Compound Content of Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schmidt ex Miquel Grown under Different CO2 Concentrations and Light Intensities. Plants 2020, 9, 1581 .
AMA StyleHye Ri Lee, Hyeon Min Kim, Hyeon Woo Jeong, Myung Min Oh, Seung Jae Hwang. Growth and Bioactive Compound Content of Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schmidt ex Miquel Grown under Different CO2 Concentrations and Light Intensities. Plants. 2020; 9 (11):1581.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHye Ri Lee; Hyeon Min Kim; Hyeon Woo Jeong; Myung Min Oh; Seung Jae Hwang. 2020. "Growth and Bioactive Compound Content of Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schmidt ex Miquel Grown under Different CO2 Concentrations and Light Intensities." Plants 9, no. 11: 1581.
The forced cultivation of strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) requires fast flower bud differentiation. Using temporary nutrient-withholding periods is a common management practice for inducing flower bud differentiation at strawberry nurseries in the Republic of Korea. After the temporary nutrient-withholding period, nutrient solution resupply can advance both flower bud growth and fruit yield. This study aims to determine the optimal nutrient solution resupply period with anatomical analysis in order to find a method for fast flower bud differentiation in the early harvest period. Here, the runner plants were divided into 5 groups, each receiving a treatment period of watering (W) and nutrient solution (N) (W40 + N0 (control), W30 + N10, W20 + N20, W10 + N30, and W0 + N40; each number represents the days of the treatment period). The nutrient solution treatments were supplied using a strawberry nutrient solution developed by Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension. Rapid flower bud differentiation was found for W20 + N20 via anatomical analysis. When the temporary nutrient-withholding period was decreased, the T-N (total nitrogen), P, K, and S concentrations showed a tendency to increase. The C/N ratio showed a tendency to decrease when the nutrient solution resupply period was increased. The W20 + N20 group showed faster flower bud development than the other groups at 10 days before transplanting and on the day of transplanting (2.2 and 5.5), 6 days in a primary cluster budding ratio, and 16 days in flowering plants. No differences in fruit characteristics were observed for the different treatments. In conclusion, the W20 + N20 treatment, which maintains fast flowering, seems to be appropriate for nutrient solution resupply treatment for “Maehyang” strawberries during the nursery period.
Hee Sung Hwang; Hyeon Woo Jeong; Hye Ri Lee; Hyeon Gyu Jo; Hyeon Min Kim; Seung Jae Hwang. Acceleration of Flower Bud Differentiation of Runner Plants in “Maehyang” Strawberries Using Nutrient Solution Resupply during the Nursery Period. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1127 .
AMA StyleHee Sung Hwang, Hyeon Woo Jeong, Hye Ri Lee, Hyeon Gyu Jo, Hyeon Min Kim, Seung Jae Hwang. Acceleration of Flower Bud Differentiation of Runner Plants in “Maehyang” Strawberries Using Nutrient Solution Resupply during the Nursery Period. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (8):1127.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHee Sung Hwang; Hyeon Woo Jeong; Hye Ri Lee; Hyeon Gyu Jo; Hyeon Min Kim; Seung Jae Hwang. 2020. "Acceleration of Flower Bud Differentiation of Runner Plants in “Maehyang” Strawberries Using Nutrient Solution Resupply during the Nursery Period." Agronomy 10, no. 8: 1127.
As a high value added crop, the ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) as known to be effective in diabetes and is becoming widely used by consumers. This study aimed to improve the growth and phytochemical contents of the ice plant using combinations of red and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in a closed-type plant production system. Seedlings of the ice plant were transplanted into a deep floating technique system with a recycling nutrient solution (EC 4.0 dS m-1, pH 6.5). The plants were cultured under a temperature 25 ± 1 ℃ and a relative humidity 60 ± 5%. The combinations of red and blue LEDs (R9B1, red:blue = 9:1; R7B3, red:blue = 7:3; R5B5, red:blue = 5:5; R3R7, red:blue = 3:7; and R1B9, red:blue = 1:9) were used at 150 ± 5 µmol·m-2·s-1 PPFD with a photoperiod of 14 h/10 h (light/dark) for 28 days. Growth of the ice plant presented significantly higher values under the R9B1 and R7B3 for high ratio of red LED treatments. The fresh and dry weights per plant of shoot were the lowest in the R1B9 at 4.49 g and 0.14 g, respectively. Total phenolic concentration, total flavonoid concentration, and antioxidant activity of the ice plant increased proportionally to the treated blue LED ratio. In addition, the concentration per dry weight of myo-inositol was the highest in the R1B9 at 310.83 mg g-1. While pinitol concentration of the ice plant showed no increasing tendency with blue LEDs, significantly higher values were obtained under the high blue ratios, such as R3B7 and R1B9 treatments. In conclusions, when considering the phytochemical contents per biomass of the ice plant consumed by actual consumers, it was the most effective applying red and blue LEDs in a closed-type plant production system at the 70-90% or 10-30%, respectively.
Young Jin Kim; Hye Min Kim; Hye R. Lee; Byoung Ryong Jeong; Hyeon-Jeong Lee; Hyun-Jin Kim; Seung Jae Hwang. Growth and phytochemicals of ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) as affected by various combined ratios of red and blue LEDs in a closed-type plant production system. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 2020, 20, 100267 .
AMA StyleYoung Jin Kim, Hye Min Kim, Hye R. Lee, Byoung Ryong Jeong, Hyeon-Jeong Lee, Hyun-Jin Kim, Seung Jae Hwang. Growth and phytochemicals of ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) as affected by various combined ratios of red and blue LEDs in a closed-type plant production system. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 2020; 20 ():100267.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoung Jin Kim; Hye Min Kim; Hye R. Lee; Byoung Ryong Jeong; Hyeon-Jeong Lee; Hyun-Jin Kim; Seung Jae Hwang. 2020. "Growth and phytochemicals of ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) as affected by various combined ratios of red and blue LEDs in a closed-type plant production system." Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 20, no. : 100267.
We investigated the effects of red and blue light on the growth and content of bioactive compounds of Salvia plebeia R. Br in a closed-type plant production system (CPPS). The seedlings of Salvia plebeia R. Br. were transplanted into a deep floating technique system with nutrient recycling (pH 6.5 and electrical conductivity (EC) 1.5 dS∙m−1). The plants were cultured for a duration of 35 days at 25 ± 1 °C, with relative humidity 60 ± 5%, a 12/12 h (light/dark) photoperiod, and a light intensity of 180 µmol∙m−2∙s−1 photosynthetic flux photon density, providing standard fluorescent (FL) lighting and various light qualities of red:blue ratios (10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, and 0:10) in the CPPS. The growth characteristics of Salvia plebeia R. Br., such as leaf length, leaf area, and fresh and dry weights of shoots, were the greatest in Red only and R7B3. The leaf shape index was the highest in Blue only and specific leaf weight was lower in FL and Blue than in the other treatments. The photosynthetic rate was the highest in R7B3. The total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations per gram of fresh weight of Salvia plebeia R. Br. were higher in combined light, such as R7B3, R5B5, and B3B7, than in the monochromatic light treatments. However, the antioxidant activity per fresh weight was the highest in FL. In conclusion, the results suggest that 7:3 is the most effective red and blue light ratio for production of high quality Salvia plebeia R. Br. in a CPPS.
Hye Lee; Hyeon Kim; Hyeon Jeong; Seung Hwang. Growth and Bioactive Compounds of Salvia plebeia R. Br. Grown under Various Ratios of Red and Blue Light. Horticulturae 2020, 6, 35 .
AMA StyleHye Lee, Hyeon Kim, Hyeon Jeong, Seung Hwang. Growth and Bioactive Compounds of Salvia plebeia R. Br. Grown under Various Ratios of Red and Blue Light. Horticulturae. 2020; 6 (2):35.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHye Lee; Hyeon Kim; Hyeon Jeong; Seung Hwang. 2020. "Growth and Bioactive Compounds of Salvia plebeia R. Br. Grown under Various Ratios of Red and Blue Light." Horticulturae 6, no. 2: 35.
During seedling production, growth control of seedlings is an important problem because the overgrowth of seedlings causes a decrease of seedling quality and has disadvantages after transplanting. In this study, we aim to evaluate the possibility of replacing chemical plant growth regulators using light quality in a closed-type plant production system (CPPS) for cucumber seedling production. We used various light treatments, such as monochromatic or combined red (R) and blue (B), and combined R and B with UV-A or Far-red (Fr) light, to compare with a chemical plant growth regulator conventionally using in nursery farms. The combined R and B treatment decreased stem elongation and increased dry matter and compactness. UV-A treatment increased compactness but did not significantly affect the stem elongation or dry matter. Fr increased stem elongation and stem diameter and decreased compactness and dry matter. In leaf growth, combined R and B treatments and UV-A treatments increased leaf area, specific leaf weight, and SPAD value, and decreased leaf shape index. Fr treatments increased leaf area and leaf shape index and decreased specific leaf weight (SLW) and SPAD values. Cucumber seedlings have many different morphological changes, and R5B5 light quality was more effective in growth control due to higher compactness than chemical plant growth regulators. Also, R5B5 light quality has increased seedling quality, such as dry matter and SLW compared with fluorescent lamps. Thus, the use of light quality is a possible alternative to a chemical plant growth regulator.
Hyeon Woo Jeong; Hye Ri Lee; Hyeon Min Kim; Hee Sung Hwang; Seung Jae Hwang. Using Light Quality for Growth Control of Cucumber Seedlings in Closed-Type Plant Production System. Plants 2020, 9, 639 .
AMA StyleHyeon Woo Jeong, Hye Ri Lee, Hyeon Min Kim, Hee Sung Hwang, Seung Jae Hwang. Using Light Quality for Growth Control of Cucumber Seedlings in Closed-Type Plant Production System. Plants. 2020; 9 (5):639.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyeon Woo Jeong; Hye Ri Lee; Hyeon Min Kim; Hee Sung Hwang; Seung Jae Hwang. 2020. "Using Light Quality for Growth Control of Cucumber Seedlings in Closed-Type Plant Production System." Plants 9, no. 5: 639.
Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara is a highly valued medicinal plant that is used to treat or prevent bronchitis, cough, cancer, and obesity. However, there has been no study on the production of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara seedlings in a closed-type plant production system (CPPS). This study was conducted to examine the growth characteristics of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara seedlings as affected by different growing media. The seeds were sown on a 128-cell plug tray filled with urethane sponges (US), LC grow foam (LC), rockwool (RW), or terra-plugs (TP). The seedlings were cultured for a duration of 54 days under temperature 25 ± 1°C, a photoperiod of 12/12 h (light/dark), and light intensity of 180 µmol·m−2·s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density provided by RB LEDs (red:blue = 8:2) in a closed-type plant production system (CPPS). The germination rate of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara was significantly highest in the TP. Also, seedling shoot growth indicators of plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, fresh weight (FW), and dry weight (DW) of the shoot, and leaf area were markedly the greatest in the TP and the lowest in the US. The SPAD (soil-plant analysis development) value was higher in the TP and US than in the LC or RW. In addition, the seedling root growth characteristics of total root length, root surface area, root volume, and number of root tips were significantly greatest in the TP. Moreover, the maximum root diameter, FW and DW of roots were the greatest in the TP. In conclusion, the results suggest that TP are viable for the growth development of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara seedlings.
Hye Ri Lee; Hyeon Min Kim; Hyeon Woo Jeong; Gam Gon Kim; Chae In Na; Myung Min Oh; Seung Jae Hwang. Growth Characteristics of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara Seedlings as Affected by Growing Medium. Plants 2019, 8, 466 .
AMA StyleHye Ri Lee, Hyeon Min Kim, Hyeon Woo Jeong, Gam Gon Kim, Chae In Na, Myung Min Oh, Seung Jae Hwang. Growth Characteristics of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara Seedlings as Affected by Growing Medium. Plants. 2019; 8 (11):466.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHye Ri Lee; Hyeon Min Kim; Hyeon Woo Jeong; Gam Gon Kim; Chae In Na; Myung Min Oh; Seung Jae Hwang. 2019. "Growth Characteristics of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara Seedlings as Affected by Growing Medium." Plants 8, no. 11: 466.
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is an important horticultural crop that is vegetatively propagated using runner plants. To achieve massive production of runner plants, it is important to transfer the assimilation products of the mother plant to the runner plants, and not to the runner itself. Application of prohexadione–calcium (Pro–Ca), a plant growth retardant with few side effects, to strawberry is effective in inhibiting transport of assimilates to runners. This study aimed to determine the optimum application method and concentration of Pro–Ca on the growth characteristics of mother plants, runners, and runner plants for the propagation of strawberry in nurseries. Pro–Ca was applied at the rate of 0, 50, 100, 150, or 200 mg·L−1 (35 mL per plant) to plants via foliar spray or drenching under greenhouse conditions at 30 days after transplantation. Petiole lengths of mother plants were measured 15 weeks after treatment; growth was suppressed at the higher concentrations of Pro–Ca regardless of the application method. However, the crown diameter was not significantly affected by the application method or Pro–Ca concentration. The number of runners was 7.0 to 8.2, with no significant difference across treatments. Runner length was shorter at higher concentrations of Pro–Ca, especially in the 200 mg·L−1 drench treatment. However, fresh weight (FW) and dry weights (DW) of runners in the 50 mg·L−1 Pro–Ca drench treatments were higher than controls. Foliar spray and drench treatments were more effective for runner plant production than the control; a greater number of runner plants were produced with the 100 and 150 mg·L−1 Pro–Ca foliar spray treatment and the 50 and 100 mg·L−1 drench treatment. The FW and DW of the first runner plant was not significantly different in all treatments, but DW of the second runner plant, and FW and DW of the third runner plant were greatest in the 50 mg·L−1 Pro–Ca drench treatment. These results suggested that growth and production of runner plants of Maehyang strawberry were greatest under the 50 mg·L−1 Pro–Ca drench treatment.
Hyeon Min Kim; Hye Ri Lee; Jae Hyeon Kang; Seung Jae Hwang. Prohexadione-Calcium Application during Vegetative Growth Affects Growth of Mother Plants, Runners, and Runner Plants of Maehyang Strawberry. Agronomy 2019, 9, 155 .
AMA StyleHyeon Min Kim, Hye Ri Lee, Jae Hyeon Kang, Seung Jae Hwang. Prohexadione-Calcium Application during Vegetative Growth Affects Growth of Mother Plants, Runners, and Runner Plants of Maehyang Strawberry. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (3):155.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyeon Min Kim; Hye Ri Lee; Jae Hyeon Kang; Seung Jae Hwang. 2019. "Prohexadione-Calcium Application during Vegetative Growth Affects Growth of Mother Plants, Runners, and Runner Plants of Maehyang Strawberry." Agronomy 9, no. 3: 155.
This study aimed to determine the effects of various light qualities (green (G), ultraviolet-A (UV-A), and far-red (Fr)) on the growth and development of tomato plug seedlings. The ‘Mini Chal’ tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings were used as the plant material to which various light qualities were supplied. Fluorescent lamp (FL), combined FL and diniconazole (Dini), and R3B7 (red (R):blue (B) = 30:70) were used as the control. The different light treatments for this experiment were as follows: two G light ratios added to R3B7 (G20 and G40), three UV-A light intensities added to R3B7 (UV 0.4, UV 0.6, and UV 0.8), and three Fr light ratios added to R3B7 (Fr1, Fr2, and Fr3). Plants grown in UV 0.4 and Dini were the shortest, followed by plants grown in R3B7. R3B7 induced higher specific leaf weight than G, UV-A, and Fr did. The position of the first flower cluster was the highest for plants in FL and Fr1, and the lowest for plants in R3B7 and UV 0.6. In conclusion, different light treatments heavily affected the growth and development of ‘Mini Chal’ tomato seedlings. R3B7 was the most effective light treatment for producing high quality seedlings in a closed-type plant production system that develop well after transplanting.
Hye Min Kim; Seung Jae Hwang. The Growth and Development of ‘Mini Chal’ Tomato Plug Seedlings Grown under Various Wavelengths Using Light Emitting Diodes. Agronomy 2019, 9, 157 .
AMA StyleHye Min Kim, Seung Jae Hwang. The Growth and Development of ‘Mini Chal’ Tomato Plug Seedlings Grown under Various Wavelengths Using Light Emitting Diodes. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (3):157.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHye Min Kim; Seung Jae Hwang. 2019. "The Growth and Development of ‘Mini Chal’ Tomato Plug Seedlings Grown under Various Wavelengths Using Light Emitting Diodes." Agronomy 9, no. 3: 157.
In this report, we have investigated the influence of different light qualities on Digitalis purpurea under a controlled environment. For this purpose, red (R), blue (B), fluorescent lamp (FL, control), along with combined red and blue (R:B) LEDs were used. Interestingly, the plant growth parameters such as number of leaf, longest root, width of leaf, width of stomata, width of trichome, leaf area, leaf or root fresh weight (FW), weight (DW) as well as length of trichome were maximum under R:B (8:2), and significantly larger than control plants. The stomatal conductance or anthocyanin was maximum under B LED than those under FL, however the photosynthesis rate was greater under FL. RuBisCO activity was maximum under R:B (1:1) LEDs while the quantity of the UV absorbing substances was highest under R LED than under FL. The maximum amount of cardenolides were obtained from leaf tissue under R:B (2:8) LED than those under FL. The R:B LEDs light was suitable for Digitalis plant growth, development, micro- and macro-elements, as well as cardenolides accumulation in the plant factory system. The adaptation of the growth strategy developed in this study would be useful for the production of optimized secondary metabolites in Digitalis spp.
Sandeep Kumar Verma; Saikat Gantait; Byoung Ryong Jeong; Seung Jae Hwang. Enhanced growth and cardenolides production in Digitalis purpurea under the influence of different LED exposures in the plant factory. Scientific Reports 2018, 8, 18009 .
AMA StyleSandeep Kumar Verma, Saikat Gantait, Byoung Ryong Jeong, Seung Jae Hwang. Enhanced growth and cardenolides production in Digitalis purpurea under the influence of different LED exposures in the plant factory. Scientific Reports. 2018; 8 (1):18009.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSandeep Kumar Verma; Saikat Gantait; Byoung Ryong Jeong; Seung Jae Hwang. 2018. "Enhanced growth and cardenolides production in Digitalis purpurea under the influence of different LED exposures in the plant factory." Scientific Reports 8, no. 1: 18009.
Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer method for production of transgenic eggplants (Solanum melongena L. var. PKM1) has been optimized. Polymerase chain reaction of transgenic plants confirmed the presence of the expected HAL1 fragment. Different tests were carried out to evaluate the level of salt tolerance for the transgenic and control plants with culture media in vitro (0, 50, 100, 150, or 200 mM NaCl) and with soil in greenhouse (0, 25, 50, 75, or 100 mM NaCl). Differences in callus growth between transgenic and control lines were observed. At 150 mM NaCl, the weight of calli from the transgenic population did not differ significantly from that in non salt condition, while the growth of wild-type control calli was strongly inhibited. A preliminary evaluation in vivo under controlled greenhouse conditions showed that at moderate salt concentrations (25 mM NaCl), a similar response to salinity in the original line and in the transgenic progeny was found. However, at higher salt concentration (50 mM NaCl), total dry weight (relative growth) was not significantly decreased by salinity in the transgenic population, while a growth reduction was observed in the wild-type control. Our results indicated that a higher level of salt tolerance was found in the transgenic lines than in the wild-type control. Thus, in this present study we have demonstrated the possibility of increasing salt tolerance in eggplant by introducing the foreign gene, HAL1 derived from yeast.
Sugumaran Krishna Kumar; Iyyakkannu Sivanesan; Kandasamy Murugesan; Byoung Ryong Jeong; Seung Jae Hwang. Enhancing salt tolerance in eggplant by introduction of foreign halotolerance gene, HAL1 isolated from yeast. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology 2014, 55, 222 -229.
AMA StyleSugumaran Krishna Kumar, Iyyakkannu Sivanesan, Kandasamy Murugesan, Byoung Ryong Jeong, Seung Jae Hwang. Enhancing salt tolerance in eggplant by introduction of foreign halotolerance gene, HAL1 isolated from yeast. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology. 2014; 55 (3):222-229.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSugumaran Krishna Kumar; Iyyakkannu Sivanesan; Kandasamy Murugesan; Byoung Ryong Jeong; Seung Jae Hwang. 2014. "Enhancing salt tolerance in eggplant by introduction of foreign halotolerance gene, HAL1 isolated from yeast." Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology 55, no. 3: 222-229.
Effect of light provided by various light intensities combined with different photoperiods on the growth and morphogenesis of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) ‘Hongyeom Jeockchukmyeon’ in a closed-type plant factory system were evaluated in this study. Four light intensity treatments, i.e., 200, 230, 260, and 290 μmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD, provided from light-emitting diodes (LEDs), with a combination of three different photoperiods 18/6 (1 cycle), 9/3 (2 cycles) or 6/2 (3 cycles) (light/dark) were used. The combination of 290-9/3 (light intensity-photoperiod) showed the highest plant height and fresh shoot weight, while plants grown at 290-18/6 exhibited the greatest root fresh weight, leaf dry weight, and longest root length. The greatest leaf width, maximum number of leaves, and greatest root dry weight were observed in the treatment combination of 290-6/2. Anthocyanin content was found to be highest in the 290-6/2 and lowest in the 200-6/2 treatment, whereas chlorophyll fluorescence was observed to be highest in the 260-6/2 and the lowest in the 290-9/3 treatment. Our data showed that providing a high light intensity of 290 μmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD with a shorter photoperiod of 6/2 (light/dark) resulted in good plant growth and development of lettuce, whereas growth at light intensities of 230 or 260 μmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD with longer photoperiods of 18/6 and 9/3 (light/dark) resulted in good growth as well as higher photosynthetic capacity.
Jeong Hwa Kang; Sugumaran Krishnakumar; Sarah Louise Sua Atulba; Byoung Ryong Jeong; Seung Jae Hwang. Light intensity and photoperiod influence the growth and development of hydroponically grown leaf lettuce in a closed-type plant factory system. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology 2013, 54, 501 -509.
AMA StyleJeong Hwa Kang, Sugumaran Krishnakumar, Sarah Louise Sua Atulba, Byoung Ryong Jeong, Seung Jae Hwang. Light intensity and photoperiod influence the growth and development of hydroponically grown leaf lettuce in a closed-type plant factory system. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology. 2013; 54 (6):501-509.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeong Hwa Kang; Sugumaran Krishnakumar; Sarah Louise Sua Atulba; Byoung Ryong Jeong; Seung Jae Hwang. 2013. "Light intensity and photoperiod influence the growth and development of hydroponically grown leaf lettuce in a closed-type plant factory system." Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology 54, no. 6: 501-509.