Obesity is a global pandemic and it is well evident that obesity is associated with the development of many disorders including many cancer types. Breast cancer is one of that associated with a high mortality rate. Adipocytes, a major cellular component in adipose tissue, are dysfunctional during obesity and also known to promote breast cancer development both in vitro and in vivo. Dysfunctional adipocytes can release metabolic substrates, adipokines, and cytokines, which promote proliferation, progression, invasion, and migration of breast cancer cells. The secretion of adipocytes can alter gene expression profile, induce inflammation and hypoxia, as well as inhibit apoptosis. It is known that excessive free fatty acids, cholesterol, triglycerides, hormones, leptin, interleukins, and chemokines upregulate breast cancer development. Interestingly, adiponectin is the only adipokine that has anti-tumor properties. Moreover, adipocytes are also related to chemotherapeutic resistance, resulting in the poorer outcome of treatment and advanced stages in breast cancer. Evaluation of the adipocyte secretion levels in the circulation can be useful for prognosis and evaluation of the effectiveness of cancer therapy in the patients. Therefore, understanding about functions of adipocytes as well as obesity in breast cancer may reveal novel targets that support the development of new anti-tumor therapy. In this systemic review, we summarize and update the effects of secreted factors by adipocytes on the regulation of breast cancer in the tumor microenvironment.

Introduction: The abnormal maxillary labial frenum is common in children during the primary or mixed dentition stage. A conventional surgery for this abnormality usually requires infiltration anesthesia which leads to fear in children and consequent noncooperation during the surgery. The aim of present study was to evaluate the reduction in the need of infiltration anesthesia, intraoperative bleeding control and postoperative pain and wound healing in children when using the diode laser for abnormal labial frenum in the maxilla. Methods: The present study was carried out among 30 children attending the Hanoi Medical University, Vietnam. A Diode Laser with 810 nm wavelength and power of 0.8 W was used for frenectomy. Results: The proportion of procedures without any need of infiltration anesthesia was 70%, while 93.34% of children demonstrated positive and very positive behavior. Proportion of indolence on the first day after surgery was 83.3%. While 83.3% of children did not take any analgesics, not a single child complained of any pain 3 days after surgery. Conclusion: Our results indicated that the use of diode laser showed several benefits in maxillary labial frenectomy in children. These included reducing the need of infiltration anesthesia, increasing the children’s cooperation as well as decreasing the postoperative pain.

Tandem occlusive lesion, a major challenge for thrombectomy in acute anterior circulation strokes, is poorly represented in randomized trials. This study demonstrates the findings of thrombectomy in tandem occlusion and comparative analysis of two treatment groups (extracranial versus intracranial first subgroup). We enrolled and divided 17 patients with acute tandem ischemic stroke who received endovascular treatment into two groups. Group 1 with completed (100%) internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion was treated by an extracranial stent, whereas Group 2 with severe (70%-99%) ICA occlusion was prioritized with intracranial thrombectomy. Data of clinical parameters, imaging and angiographic results, periprocedural complications, and results after 3 months were collected and analyzed. The mean age of patients was 70.2 ± 8.8 years, and males accounted for 94.1%. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) baseline were 16.6 ± 4.2 and 7.6 ± 1.1, respectively, with occlusive side was 52.9% on the right. Group 1 including ten cases (58.8%) was treated extracranial lesion with carotid stent before intracranial thrombectomy, and Group 2 with seven cases (41.2%) was prioritized intracranial thrombectomy. In total 17 procedures, there were ten stent retrievers (58.8%), four aspirations (23.5%), and three Solumbra (17.7%). No re-occlusion of carotid stent postoperation was recorded. The good revascularization (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 2b-3) was archived in 82.4% of patients, while symptomatic hemorrhage was seen in 2 cases (11.8%). Three months after treatment, patients with favorable clinical outcome (Modified Rankin Scale ≤2) accounted for 47.1%. Our study determined a promising outcome with reasonable good recanalization and clinical recovery for endovascular intervention in tandem ischemic. In the subgroup of treatment, "extracranial stent first" had more complex disease with completed ICA occlusion which required longer procedure time may lead to worse outcome.

This study aimed to define the width and length of the dental arch in 12-year-old Vietnamese children, and to elucidate differences between genders and among ethnic groups. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 4565 12 years-old children from the 4 major ethnic groups in Vietnam (Kinh, Muong, Thai, and Tay), with a healthy and full set of 28 permanent teeth that had never had any orthodontic treatment and with no reconstructive materials at the measured points. The mean variables in all subjects were 36.39 mm for upper inter-canine width; 46.88 mm for upper inter-first molar width; 59.43 mm for upper inter-second molar width; 10.41 mm for upper anterior length; 32.15 mm for upper posterior length 1; 45.52 mm for upper posterior length 2; 28.31 mm for lower inter-canine width; 41.63 mm for lower inter-first molar width; 54.57 mm for lower inter-second molar width (LM2W); 7.06 mm for lower anterior length (LAL); 26.87 mm for lower posterior length 1 (LP1L); and 41.29 mm for lower posterior length 2. Significant differences in these parameters between genders were found in all ethnic groups, except for LAL in the Kinh and Thai groups, and LP1L in the Tay group. Significant ethnic differences were also found in almost all parameters except LM2W in both males and females. Taken together, the representative sizes of dental arches of 12-year-old Vietnamese children have been defined. Our data indicate that there are some variations in dental arch dimensions among ethnic groups and between genders.