Recently, there has been an increase in studies relating to the Internet of Things (IoT) in various fields, such as smart cities, smart homes, smart factories, and healthcare. In an IoT environment, several entities, including users, devices, and information resources, are interconnected and interworked with services. Therefore, interoperability between different entities is essential to accomplish the goals of IoT systems. Further, security is another important aspect to achieve in an IoT environment to protect information resources and privacy when networking between different entities. Therefore, security and interoperability may be significant barriers in the implementation of IoT in the real world. Several studies have been conducted to investigate methods for accomplishing interoperability and security in IoT, but they address only specific problems. Hence, compatibility and generality must be considered to accomplish the goals of IoT systems. International standards provide general methods by listing protocols, rules, guidelines, and characteristics that are defined and approved by authorized organizations, helping develop and manage systems efficiently by applying these standards; interoperability and security are supported by adopting standards in development and management. Therefore, the adoption of international standards is required to overcome the barriers in IoT. Furthermore, international standard organizations are developing IoT-related standards that may provide a solution to interoperability and security. However, a study focusing on interoperability- and security-related standards has not yet been conducted. Therefore, in this paper, we focus on international standards related to interoperability and security for IoT environments. Moreover, we studied international standard organizations that have been developing standards for IoT. In this study, a systematic literature review is conducted, and international standards are analyzed. In addition, any remaining challenges related to interoperability and security for IoT standards are discussed.

Cloud-based electronic health record (EHR) systems enable medical documents to be exchanged between medical institutions; this is expected to contribute to improvements in various medical services in the future. However, as the system architecture becomes more complicated, cloud-based EHR systems may introduce additional security threats when compared to existing singular systems. Thus, patients may experience exposure of private data that they do not wish to disclose. In order to protect the privacy of patients, many approaches have been proposed to provide access control to patient documents when providing health services. However, most current systems do not support fine-grained access control or take into account additional security factors such as encryption and digital signatures. In this paper, we propose a cloud-based EHR model that performs attribute-based access control using extensible access control markup language. Our EHR model, focused on security, performs partial encryption and uses electronic signatures when a patient document is sent to a document requester. We use XML encryption and XML digital signature technology. Our proposed model works efficiently by sending only the necessary information to requesters who are authorized to treat the patient in question.

Recently, the integration of state-of-the-art technologies, such as modern sensors, networks, and cloud computing, has revolutionized the conventional healthcare system. However, security concerns have increasingly been emerging due to the integration of technologies. Therefore, the security and privacy issues associated with e-health data must be properly explored. In this paper, to investigate the security and privacy of e-health systems, we identified major components of the modern e-health systems (i.e., e-health data, medical devices, medical networks and edge/fog/cloud). Then, we reviewed recent security and privacy studies that focus on each component of the e-health systems. Based on the review, we obtained research taxonomy, security concerns, requirements, solutions, research trends, and open challenges for the components with strengths and weaknesses of the analyzed studies. In particular, edge and fog computing studies for e-health security and privacy were reviewed since the studies had mostly not been analyzed in other survey papers.