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Muhammad Irfan
Military College of Engineering (MCE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Risalpur, Pakistan

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Original research paper
Published: 21 May 2021 in International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology
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Phase angle is an important property of asphalt concrete (AC) mixtures that can aid in proper material selection and thereby assist in accurate design of flexible pavements. In particular, it is imperative to quantify differential phase angle behaviour for varying mixture characteristics to minimise premature failure of flexible pavements. To this end, this study aims to provide insights into the differential phase angle behaviour of wearing versus base course mixtures, field versus laboratory prepared mixtures, and for a full spectrum of binder grades. To achieve this research aim, this study employs a two-step framework. First, an artificial neural network (ANN) model is developed to predict phase angle using laboratory test data as input. Twenty-three AC mixtures consisting of different penetration grade binders, varying mix proportions, and mix types are used for phase angle testing performed at four testing temperatures (4.4, 21.1, 37.8, and 54.4 °C) and six loading frequencies (25, 10, 5, 1, 0.5, and 0.1 Hz) using the asphalt mix performance tester equipment. In the second step, a sensitivity/parametric analysis is performed for the phase angle model revealing the differences in phase angle characteristics of wearing and base course, field and laboratory mixtures as well as mixtures prepared with different binder grades. Furthermore, a comparison of the proposed ANN model with linear and non-linear regression models is performed, and the ANN model outperforms the competing models. The developed ANN model can be used as a surrogate to laboratory testing and utilised by transport departments and pavement analysts to characterise the phase angle behaviour of heterogenous AC mixtures.

ACS Style

Fizza Hussain; Yasir Ali; Muhammad Irfan. Quantifying the Differential Phase Angle Behaviour of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures Using Artificial Neural Networks. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology 2021, 1 -19.

AMA Style

Fizza Hussain, Yasir Ali, Muhammad Irfan. Quantifying the Differential Phase Angle Behaviour of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures Using Artificial Neural Networks. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology. 2021; ():1-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fizza Hussain; Yasir Ali; Muhammad Irfan. 2021. "Quantifying the Differential Phase Angle Behaviour of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures Using Artificial Neural Networks." International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology , no. : 1-19.

Journal article
Published: 23 October 2020 in Construction and Building Materials
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Selection of asphalt concrete (AC) mixtures with proper knowledge of its phase angle characteristics is critical in designing flexible pavements and ensuring the maximum service life of pavements. To achieve this purpose, laborious and expensive laboratory testings are frequently performed, and the results are implied to field. To overcome this problem, models (mathematical or machine learning) are developed to predict the phase angle of AC mixtures. However, the complex and non-linear relationship of phase angle with its independent variables is hard to capture using simple mathematical (or statistical) models. As such, this study proposes a data-driven model based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to capture and predict the phase angle behaviour of AC mixtures. Twenty-three AC mixtures are prepared in laboratory consisting of varying gradations, binder grades, and mix types to perform phase angle testing. The proposed modelling framework, trained using the dataset obtained from laboratory testing, captures 90% of the variance in the test data, which is a significant improvement as compared with other machine learning models as well as linear regression. The proposed model has the capability to capture the non-linearity associated with AC mixtures and can be used by transport agencies and practitioners as a surrogate to tedious laboratory testing.

ACS Style

Fizza Hussain; Yasir Ali; Muhammad Irfan; Murtaza Ashraf; Shafeeq Ahmed. A data-driven model for phase angle behaviour of asphalt concrete mixtures based on convolutional neural network. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 269, 121235 .

AMA Style

Fizza Hussain, Yasir Ali, Muhammad Irfan, Murtaza Ashraf, Shafeeq Ahmed. A data-driven model for phase angle behaviour of asphalt concrete mixtures based on convolutional neural network. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 269 ():121235.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fizza Hussain; Yasir Ali; Muhammad Irfan; Murtaza Ashraf; Shafeeq Ahmed. 2020. "A data-driven model for phase angle behaviour of asphalt concrete mixtures based on convolutional neural network." Construction and Building Materials 269, no. : 121235.

Journal article
Published: 30 June 2020 in Journal of Construction Engineering, Management & Innovation
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ACS Style

Muhammad Irfan; National University of Sciences and Technology; Hafız Zahoor; Muhammad Abbas; Yasir Ali; Queensland University of Technology. Determinants of labor productivity for building projects in Pakistan. Journal of Construction Engineering, Management & Innovation 2020, 3, 85 -100.

AMA Style

Muhammad Irfan, National University of Sciences and Technology, Hafız Zahoor, Muhammad Abbas, Yasir Ali, Queensland University of Technology. Determinants of labor productivity for building projects in Pakistan. Journal of Construction Engineering, Management & Innovation. 2020; 3 (2):85-100.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Irfan; National University of Sciences and Technology; Hafız Zahoor; Muhammad Abbas; Yasir Ali; Queensland University of Technology. 2020. "Determinants of labor productivity for building projects in Pakistan." Journal of Construction Engineering, Management & Innovation 3, no. 2: 85-100.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2020 in Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
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Macroperformance, i.e., skid resistance, high-temperature, and compaction performance, are related to the functional performance, safety, and durability of asphalt pavement. Currently, the research on such influencing factors focuses on the properties of asphalt, gradation composition, pavement structure, and so forth, whereas the geometrical characteristics of coarse aggregate, especially its angularity, has not gained due attention from researchers. This paper investigated the effects of coarse-aggregate angularity on the skid resistance, high-temperature performance, and compaction performance of asphalt mixtures. Three-dimensional angularity (3DA) computed by X-ray computed tomography (XCT) was employed to characterize coarse-aggregate angularity. Texture depth (TD) and British pendulum number (BPN) were evaluated through the sand patch test and the British pendulum test (BPT), respectively. The dynamic stability and rutting depth of mixtures with different coarse-aggregate angularities were examined with the wheel tracking test. The variation in height of the specimen with different angularity asphalt mixtures during the compaction process was tested through the Superpave gyratory compactor (SGC). The dynamic modulus (|E*|) of the asphalt mixtures was analyzed with the asphalt mixture performance tester (AMPT) and the generation of master curves. The results showed that three-dimensional (3D) angularity is able to characterize the angularity of the coarse aggregate. A lower coarse-aggregate angularity leads to a smaller skid resistance of the asphalt mixture. The angularity greatly influences the high-temperature and compaction performance of asphalt mixtures. Higher angularity leads to better high-temperature stability but causes difficulty in compaction. The angularity has a significant influence on the |E*| values of SMA-16 asphalt mixture. The results revealed that the decrease in coarse-aggregate angularity translated into a decrease in |E*| values on average. This study provides support for further research into and application of macroscopic properties of asphalt mixtures.

ACS Style

Junfeng Gao; Hainian Wang; Yin Bu; Zhanping You; Xiang Zhang; Muhammad Irfan. Influence of Coarse-Aggregate Angularity on Asphalt Mixture Macroperformance: Skid Resistance, High-Temperature, and Compaction Performance. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 2020, 32, 04020095 .

AMA Style

Junfeng Gao, Hainian Wang, Yin Bu, Zhanping You, Xiang Zhang, Muhammad Irfan. Influence of Coarse-Aggregate Angularity on Asphalt Mixture Macroperformance: Skid Resistance, High-Temperature, and Compaction Performance. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. 2020; 32 (5):04020095.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Junfeng Gao; Hainian Wang; Yin Bu; Zhanping You; Xiang Zhang; Muhammad Irfan. 2020. "Influence of Coarse-Aggregate Angularity on Asphalt Mixture Macroperformance: Skid Resistance, High-Temperature, and Compaction Performance." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 32, no. 5: 04020095.

Journal article
Published: 10 August 2019 in Construction and Building Materials
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Since the advent of Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (M-EPDG), characterisation of asphalt concrete (AC) mixtures using flow number remains the topic of interest for most of the literature. Consequently, many flow number models have been proposed in the literature, which only caters AC mixtures that attain the tertiary stage of permanent deformation (PD). The literature is devoid of any study that ascertain, whether an AC mix would attain the tertiary stage of PD or otherwise. As such, this study develops a binary logistic model as a function of volumetric and performance parameters of field and laboratory prepared AC mixtures using the standard maximum likelihood procedure. The logistic model specification is best suited to predict the mix probability of attaining the tertiary stage of PD. More specifically, an increase in air voids and percent passing sieve #200 in the mix and relatively low value of dynamic modulus translated into an increased probability of attaining the tertiary stage of PD. The field and laboratory mixtures are compared using the binary logistic model and a sensitivity analysis is also performed on the model. The comparison reveals the difference in both the type of mixtures, and suggests optimising and customising the laboratory mixtures to the field conditions.

ACS Style

Yasir Ali; Muhammad Irfan; Abdul Salam Buller; Hammad A. Khan; Hafiz M.F. Gul. A binary logistic model for predicting the tertiary stage of permanent deformation of conventional asphalt concrete mixtures. Construction and Building Materials 2019, 227, 116608 .

AMA Style

Yasir Ali, Muhammad Irfan, Abdul Salam Buller, Hammad A. Khan, Hafiz M.F. Gul. A binary logistic model for predicting the tertiary stage of permanent deformation of conventional asphalt concrete mixtures. Construction and Building Materials. 2019; 227 ():116608.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yasir Ali; Muhammad Irfan; Abdul Salam Buller; Hammad A. Khan; Hafiz M.F. Gul. 2019. "A binary logistic model for predicting the tertiary stage of permanent deformation of conventional asphalt concrete mixtures." Construction and Building Materials 227, no. : 116608.

Research article
Published: 25 March 2019 in Advances in Materials Science and Engineering
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This paper investigates dynamic response, rutting resistance, and fatigue behavior of three stone mastic asphalt (SMA) concrete mixtures selected on basis of nominal maximum aggregate size (NMAS): 25 mm, 19 mm, and 12.5 mm using cellulose fiber added as 0.3% of the total weight of aggregate. Superpave gyratory specimens were fabricated and subjected to the dynamic modulus (E∗) and flow tests (flow number and flow time) using an asphalt mixture performance tester. The E∗ test results were employed to develop stress-dependent master curves for each mixture, indicating that the mixture with the NMAS of 25 mm is relatively stiffer than other tested mixtures; this mixture also exhibits excellent strength against rutting failure. In addition, fatigue parameter, which is derived from dynamic response and phase angle, is determined, and results reveal that 12.5 mm NMAS mix has relatively better resistance to fatigue than other selected mixtures. Furthermore, nonlinear regression model specifications were utilized to predict accumulated strains as a function of loading cycles. Also, a flow number model is developed that predicts the rutting behavior of mixtures, and results suggest that model predicted and observed outputs of 25 mm SMA mix are found to be very close. The results of this study help in understanding the performance and behavior of cellulose fiber-added stone mastic asphalt concrete mixtures under varying simulated temperature and stress levels, which can be used in areas where the premature failure of flexible pavements is often observed. The testing protocol employed in this study will also help in evaluating pavement performance using Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide.

ACS Style

Muhammad Irfan; Yasir Ali; Sarfraz Ahmed; Shahid Iqbal; Hainian Wang. Rutting and Fatigue Properties of Cellulose Fiber-Added Stone Mastic Asphalt Concrete Mixtures. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019, 2019, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Muhammad Irfan, Yasir Ali, Sarfraz Ahmed, Shahid Iqbal, Hainian Wang. Rutting and Fatigue Properties of Cellulose Fiber-Added Stone Mastic Asphalt Concrete Mixtures. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2019; 2019 ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Irfan; Yasir Ali; Sarfraz Ahmed; Shahid Iqbal; Hainian Wang. 2019. "Rutting and Fatigue Properties of Cellulose Fiber-Added Stone Mastic Asphalt Concrete Mixtures." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019, no. : 1-8.

Journal article
Published: 30 January 2019 in Applied Sciences
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To uniform the evaluation indicators of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) modified asphalt, the SK70# and SK90# matrix asphalt were modified by different SBS modifier dosage in this study. The test methods in China and Superpave were used to test the performance of each SBS-modified asphalt respectively, from which the appropriate evaluation index of SBS-modified asphalt was determined. The results showed that the addition of SBS modifier improved the high temperature performance and lowered the temperature sensitivity of asphalt binder, while it increased the viscosity of asphalt binder in high temperatures. Due to the variability that appeared in the results of the penetration test by the swelling of SBS-modified asphalt, the penetration test was not recommended to evaluate the performances of SBS-modified asphalt. The softening point of SBS-modified asphalt with the modifier dosages of 4.5%, 5%, 5.5% and 6% increased 5.7%, 12.8%, 22.5% and 26.4% respectively compared to the matrix asphalt for SK70# matrix asphalt, and increased 21.2%, 26.3%, 33.6% and 46.6% respectively compared to the matrix asphalt for SK90# matrix asphalt. The effect of SBS-modifier on the softening point of SK90# matrix asphalt is significantly better than that of SK70# matrix asphalt. The improvement effect of SBS modifier on low temperature performance of matrix asphalt decreased with a decrease in test temperature. When studying the influence of the SBS modifier on the low temperature performance of asphalt binder, it was recommended to use the bending beam rheometer (BBR) test to evaluate the low temperature performance of SBS-modified asphalt.

ACS Style

Chen Zhang; Hainian Wang; Zhanping You; Junfeng Gao; Muhammad Irfan. Performance Test on Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) Modified Asphalt Based on the Different Evaluation Methods. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 467 .

AMA Style

Chen Zhang, Hainian Wang, Zhanping You, Junfeng Gao, Muhammad Irfan. Performance Test on Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) Modified Asphalt Based on the Different Evaluation Methods. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (3):467.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen Zhang; Hainian Wang; Zhanping You; Junfeng Gao; Muhammad Irfan. 2019. "Performance Test on Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) Modified Asphalt Based on the Different Evaluation Methods." Applied Sciences 9, no. 3: 467.

Articles
Published: 27 November 2018 in International Journal of Pavement Engineering
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Flow number (FN) test, which evaluates permanent deformation (PD) of asphalt concrete (AC) mixtures, contains data noise that leads to a false representation of the tertiary stage of flow. Most studies, however, ignore this aspect and have not quantified the amount of noise in the data. This, in turn, leads to unrealistic characterisation, ranking of AC mixtures and correlation of FN with other factors such as mix volumetric, aggregate parameters and dynamic modulus. As such, this study quantifies the extent of noise in the FN data and its consequent impact on characterisation of PD behaviour of AC mixtures. Twelve AC mixtures were prepared with different aggregate gradations and binder grades, and FN test was performed at a single temperature. Statistical analysis confirms that the corrected FNs and the original FNs are statistically different from each other. Moreover, all of the AC mixtures are characterised with and without data noise, and it is concluded that noise in the data has a significant influence on the ranking of AC mixtures. Furthermore, the results indicate data noise either reverses the expected sign or reduces coefficient of determination of correlation. The results of this study would have insightful implications on findings of earlier studies.

ACS Style

Yasir Ali; Muhammad Irfan; Etikaf Hussain. The impact of data noise on permanent deformation behaviour of asphalt concrete mixtures. International Journal of Pavement Engineering 2018, 21, 1470 -1481.

AMA Style

Yasir Ali, Muhammad Irfan, Etikaf Hussain. The impact of data noise on permanent deformation behaviour of asphalt concrete mixtures. International Journal of Pavement Engineering. 2018; 21 (12):1470-1481.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yasir Ali; Muhammad Irfan; Etikaf Hussain. 2018. "The impact of data noise on permanent deformation behaviour of asphalt concrete mixtures." International Journal of Pavement Engineering 21, no. 12: 1470-1481.

Journal article
Published: 15 September 2018 in Construction and Building Materials
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Recent studies have shown that Flow number (FN) alone may not be able to describe the permanent deformation (PD) behaviour of a mix, rather additional parameters are considered, e.g., dynamic modulus (|E∗|), gradation, and mix volumetric, to get better insights into PD behaviour. However, stiffness in terms of Resilient Modulus (MR) has not been considered even after its appealing efficacy in 1993 AASHTO design guide. As such, the objective of this study is to characterise the mixtures that do not attain tertiary flow state by a new parameter, Flow Number Prime (FNP). Furthermore, the developed parameter is used to study the relationship of PD behaviour with MR. Seven plant produced mixtures were compacted using Superpave gyratory compactor. FN test was carried out at a single temperature while MR test was conducted at two temperatures. The MR results show a good consistency with the FN test results. A first-order multiple linear regression model for predicting the PD behaviour is developed as a function of the MR, the mix volumetric, and the gradation parameters. The developed model is validated, and sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the change in the PD with respect to explanatory variables. The developed model is also compared to an existing model in the literature and results indicate a better performance of the model developed in this study. The findings of this study are expected to provide valuable insights to the characterisation of plant produced mixtures and its relationship with PD behaviour, and can also help in QA/QC of the pavements during construction phases of projects whereby engineers and/or practitioners can ensure the quality based on a lesser time consuming test (MR) on different sections of the same project.

ACS Style

Hassan Bin Tahir; Muhammad Irfan; Arshad Hussain; Yasir Ali; Etikaf Hussain. Predicting the permanent deformation behaviour of the plant produced asphalt concrete mixtures: A first order regression approach. Construction and Building Materials 2018, 189, 629 -639.

AMA Style

Hassan Bin Tahir, Muhammad Irfan, Arshad Hussain, Yasir Ali, Etikaf Hussain. Predicting the permanent deformation behaviour of the plant produced asphalt concrete mixtures: A first order regression approach. Construction and Building Materials. 2018; 189 ():629-639.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hassan Bin Tahir; Muhammad Irfan; Arshad Hussain; Yasir Ali; Etikaf Hussain. 2018. "Predicting the permanent deformation behaviour of the plant produced asphalt concrete mixtures: A first order regression approach." Construction and Building Materials 189, no. : 629-639.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2018 in Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems
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Transportation agencies seek comprehensive policies and planning to overcome urban congestion and manage transportation demand with due cognizance of traveler behavior. This research develops a travel behavioral model for work-trip mode using revealed and stated choice data collected through a survey questionnaire in the city of Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The multinomial logit model specification is found best suited to develop a modal-split model and estimate travelers’ perceived expectation utility functions. The model is used to calculate elasticities and demand response to the policies of improvement in transit/bus rapid transit (BRT) and implement congestion pricing on major arterials of an urban road network. Travel demand is found elastic with respect to congestion pricing and out-of-vehicle travel time. It is concluded that improvement in transit services by introducing BRT alone does not induce a major change in the share proportion of automobile demand; however, congestion pricing has a significant effect on the reduction of automobile demand. Furthermore, the combination of two policies induces more modal-split than does congestion pricing alone. This research highlights traffic congestion pricing as one of the means of traffic demand management by demonstrating its contribution to improving urban traffic congestion.

ACS Style

Muhammad Irfan; Ahmed N. Khurshid; Muhammad B. Khurshid; Yasir Ali; Aemal Khattak. Policy Implications of Work-Trip Mode Choice Using Econometric Modeling. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems 2018, 144, 04018035 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Irfan, Ahmed N. Khurshid, Muhammad B. Khurshid, Yasir Ali, Aemal Khattak. Policy Implications of Work-Trip Mode Choice Using Econometric Modeling. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems. 2018; 144 (8):04018035.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Irfan; Ahmed N. Khurshid; Muhammad B. Khurshid; Yasir Ali; Aemal Khattak. 2018. "Policy Implications of Work-Trip Mode Choice Using Econometric Modeling." Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems 144, no. 8: 04018035.

Journal article
Published: 20 July 2018 in Construction and Building Materials
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This paper investigates the fatigue behaviour of asphaltic concrete mixtures subjected to Indirect Tensile Fatigue Test (ITFT) under a stress-controlled mode. The conventional stress/strain based approach is used to determine the number of cycles to failure and initial strain value under specified repeated load levels. The fatigue test results indicate that the MS-2 mix (containing 60% and 40% of coarser and finer particles, respectively) prepared with the 40/50 penetration grade binder accumulates less initial strain, and has a relatively better resistance to fatigue than the other tested mixtures. Furthermore, this fatigue behaviour is modelled using a power, intrinsically linear, and non-linear functional specifications. Among these, a non-linear model formulation is found to be the best suited, expressing the number of cycles to fatigue failure as a function of the initial strain, the viscosity, the optimum bitumen content, and the resilient modulus. The fatigue model captures high variability in the data (R2 = 0.86) with a reasonable prediction error (of 15%) as compared to other models. The findings of this study can serve as the basis for selection of asphaltic concrete mixtures based upon the fatigue life criterion; the models proposed in this study can be used as a precursor to determining the fatigue behaviour without performing laborious laboratory testing.

ACS Style

Muhammad Aniq Gul; Muhammad Irfan; Sarfraz Ahmed; Yasir Ali; Shahab Khanzada. Modelling and characterising the fatigue behaviour of asphaltic concrete mixtures. Construction and Building Materials 2018, 184, 723 -732.

AMA Style

Muhammad Aniq Gul, Muhammad Irfan, Sarfraz Ahmed, Yasir Ali, Shahab Khanzada. Modelling and characterising the fatigue behaviour of asphaltic concrete mixtures. Construction and Building Materials. 2018; 184 ():723-732.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Aniq Gul; Muhammad Irfan; Sarfraz Ahmed; Yasir Ali; Shahab Khanzada. 2018. "Modelling and characterising the fatigue behaviour of asphaltic concrete mixtures." Construction and Building Materials 184, no. : 723-732.

Journal article
Published: 07 July 2018 in Construction and Building Materials
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The microstructure characteristic of asphalt mixture has substantial effects on its macroscopic mechanical properties. The study on the structural characteristics of asphalt mixtures involving the microscopic scale has rarely been considered. This study investigates the effects of the angularity of coarse aggregate on the microstructure of two commonly practiced asphalt mixture gradations (AC-16 and SMA-16) based on the X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT). Three-dimensional angularity was introduced based on the XCT images. Four indicators including average contact point number (ACN), average contact length (ACL), average vertical contact index (AVCI) and average horizontal contact index (AHCI) were proposed to evaluate the skeleton contact characteristics within the asphalt mixture through iPas. The volume of air voids, equivalent diameter and roundness were used to characterize the void characteristic of the asphalt mixtures with different angular aggregates by the analysis of Image-Pro Plus (IPP). The results indicate that the three-dimensional angularity (3DA) could characterize the angularity of coarse aggregate. The angularity has a significant influence on the skeleton contact characteristics of asphalt mixture, whereas a lower angularity has resulted in weaker skeleton contact characteristics. A skeleton contact characteristic of SMA-16, with a dense coarse aggregate structure, is stronger than AC-16, which belongs to the dense suspension structure. The shape of the voids at the top and bottom of the asphalt mixture specimen is the most complex and irregular, while the shape of air voids in the middle section of the specimen is simple and regular. This study could provide support for the further research and application of microscopic properties of asphalt mixtures.

ACS Style

Junfeng Gao; Hainian Wang; Yin Bu; Zhanping You; Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan; Muhammad Irfan. Effects of coarse aggregate angularity on the microstructure of asphalt mixture. Construction and Building Materials 2018, 183, 472 -484.

AMA Style

Junfeng Gao, Hainian Wang, Yin Bu, Zhanping You, Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan, Muhammad Irfan. Effects of coarse aggregate angularity on the microstructure of asphalt mixture. Construction and Building Materials. 2018; 183 ():472-484.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Junfeng Gao; Hainian Wang; Yin Bu; Zhanping You; Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan; Muhammad Irfan. 2018. "Effects of coarse aggregate angularity on the microstructure of asphalt mixture." Construction and Building Materials 183, no. : 472-484.

Journal article
Published: 03 June 2018 in Applied Sciences
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The demand for bituminous materials is continuously growing; crude oil-based asphalt binders are non-renewable, and are facing rapid depletion. With the increase of petroleum-based asphalt prices, seeking an alternative, renewable material such as bio-asphalt has become a hot research topic. However, shortcomings in this research area have been identified, notably concerning the high-temperature performance of bio-asphalt at present. This research aims to comprehensively apply conventional tests to, and study the rheological behavior of, the high-temperature performances of bio-asphalt binders, i.e., by temperature and frequency sweeps, using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). It will also assess the chemical functional groups of specimens prepared by different aging conditions. Fifty penetration grade base asphalt binder (50#), bio-oil modified asphalt binders with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 30% bio-oil contents by mass, and bio-oil modified asphalt binder with combinations of 5% bio-oil-1% SBS, and 10% bio-oil-1% SBS were used in this study. The conventional performance of bio-asphalt binders was tested using penetration, ductility, and softening point, before and after short-term aging conditioning. The temperature sweep and frequency sweep of bio-asphalt under different bio-oil contents were carried out via DSR. Two-logarithmic equations of rutting factor and temperature were established, and the temperature sensitivity of bio-asphalt was analyzed. The master curves of virgin asphalt and bio-asphalt were constructed at 64 °C. The results indicate that the incorporation of bio-oil reduced the anti-rutting performance of asphalt, and the bio-oil content had a significant effect on the mass loss of the bio-asphalt binder. The performance of bio-oil modified asphalt binders using 5% bio-oil, 5% bio-oil-1% SBS, and 10% bio-oil-1% SBS, could meet the requirements of 50# grade asphalt. The temperature sensitivity of bio-asphalt did not show obvious change before and after short-term aging, whereas the temperature sensitivity of bio-asphalt with 5% bio-oil was relatively small. With an increase in temperature, the phase angle increased gradually. In contrast, the storage modulus, loss modulus, and complex modulus decreased progressively. The complex modulus and rutting factor of bio-asphalt with 5% bio-oil steadily increased with the increase in testing frequency. Otherwise, chemical reactions were detected in the 50# base asphalt modified with the bio-oil.

ACS Style

Junfeng Gao; Hainian Wang; Zhanping You; Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan; Yong Lei; Muhammad Irfan. Rheological Behavior and Sensitivity of Wood-Derived Bio-Oil Modified Asphalt Binders. Applied Sciences 2018, 8, 919 .

AMA Style

Junfeng Gao, Hainian Wang, Zhanping You, Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan, Yong Lei, Muhammad Irfan. Rheological Behavior and Sensitivity of Wood-Derived Bio-Oil Modified Asphalt Binders. Applied Sciences. 2018; 8 (6):919.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Junfeng Gao; Hainian Wang; Zhanping You; Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan; Yong Lei; Muhammad Irfan. 2018. "Rheological Behavior and Sensitivity of Wood-Derived Bio-Oil Modified Asphalt Binders." Applied Sciences 8, no. 6: 919.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2018 in Construction and Building Materials
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Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design is considered relatively more effective than conventional empirical design for excessive tyre pressure exerted by axle load spectra and diverse environmental conditions. Many highway agencies are adopting a paradigm shift to Mechanistic-Empirical pavement design practices, obsoleting huge inventories of resilient modulus database used for empirical design. This paper attempts to develop an empirical correlation of dynamic modulus (|E∗|) and resilient modulus (MR) – two performance tests used to characterize the stiffness of asphaltic concrete mixtures, and proposes a statistical model for |E∗| as a function of MR, gradation parameter, and mix volumetric parameter. For the comparison purpose, a rigorous testing using bi-level testing protocol is offered for all the relationships (i.e., correlation and model). The comparison of |E∗| with MR shows that at a temperature of 25 °C, |E∗| at 5 Hz is strongly correlated with MR at a loading frequency of 300 ms. The developed statistical model captured 97% of the variability in the data in predicting |E∗| from MR with an error of 6% and 23% for first and second level of bi-level testing protocol, respectively. It is envisaged that the findings of this study can help the highway agencies and practitioners in smooth transitioning to Mechanistic-emprical pavement design practices.

ACS Style

Yasir Ali; Muhammad Irfan; Muhammad Zeeshan; Imran Hafeez; Shafeeq Ahmed. Revisiting the relationship of dynamic and resilient modulus test for asphaltic concrete mixtures. Construction and Building Materials 2018, 170, 698 -707.

AMA Style

Yasir Ali, Muhammad Irfan, Muhammad Zeeshan, Imran Hafeez, Shafeeq Ahmed. Revisiting the relationship of dynamic and resilient modulus test for asphaltic concrete mixtures. Construction and Building Materials. 2018; 170 ():698-707.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yasir Ali; Muhammad Irfan; Muhammad Zeeshan; Imran Hafeez; Shafeeq Ahmed. 2018. "Revisiting the relationship of dynamic and resilient modulus test for asphaltic concrete mixtures." Construction and Building Materials 170, no. : 698-707.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2017 in Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
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This paper investigates the influence of fuel-resistant polymer on the consistency and performance properties of asphalt binder and hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures. The study uses wearing course gradation (nominal maximum size of 19 mm), penetration grade 60/70 bitumen, and Elvaloy reactive elastomeric terpolymers (RET) 4170 as a fuel-resistant polymer. Laboratory tests conducted on unmodified and modified (1–4% Elvaloy) mixtures include an indirect tensile (IDT) strength test and a resilient modulus (MR) test for evaluating cracking potential and stiffness parameters, respectively; a Hamburg wheel tracker (HWT) test for quantifying the rut propensity; and a solubility test to determine the fuel-resistance capacity. The two-level factorial design of the experiment is conducted on the rheological properties of the binder including elastic recovery/complex modulus and creep stiffness values, which suggest that 1% polymer-modified binder (PMB) is least susceptible to high-temperature and low-temperature variations. Performance evaluation reveals that 1% PMB is an optimal proportion of Elvaloy in asphalt concrete mixtures, yielding maximum MR values (both before and after conditioning in fuel), the lowest rut susceptibility, and high fuel resistance. This research is useful for public aviation/highway agencies and private contractors to minimize the deterioration caused by fuel slippage and to control foreign object debris damage to aircraft.

ACS Style

M. Irfan; M. Saeed; S. Ahmed; Y. Ali. Performance Evaluation of Elvaloy as a Fuel-Resistant Polymer in Asphaltic Concrete Airfield Pavements. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 2017, 29, 04017163 .

AMA Style

M. Irfan, M. Saeed, S. Ahmed, Y. Ali. Performance Evaluation of Elvaloy as a Fuel-Resistant Polymer in Asphaltic Concrete Airfield Pavements. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. 2017; 29 (10):04017163.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Irfan; M. Saeed; S. Ahmed; Y. Ali. 2017. "Performance Evaluation of Elvaloy as a Fuel-Resistant Polymer in Asphaltic Concrete Airfield Pavements." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 29, no. 10: 04017163.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2017 in Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
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Rutting or permanent deformation is one of the severe distresses manifested in flexible pavements caused by the various mechanisms such as densification, lateral plastic flow, and/or loss of materials under wheel path due to repeated heavy traffic loads. Various laboratory tests have been devised to determine the rutting propensity and to optimize the field performance of hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures as a part of the HMA mix and structural design processes. Although various approaches exist to predict the permanent deformation of HMA, this study develops a relationship of flow number (FN), dynamic modulus (DM), and uniaxial repeated-load permanent deformation (RLPD) to enable the trade-off analysis among them. Also, a novel parameter, FN index, is explored and used to determine the rutting potential of HMA mixtures. Twelve globally practiced HMA mixtures are investigated with three different performance grade binders and single limestone aggregate source. Superpave gyratory compacted specimens are subjected to performance testing (FN, DM, and RLPD) and results indicate a strong correlation of FN index with DM and exhibit better correspondence than the traditional FN (cycles) parameter.

ACS Style

Yasir Ali; Muhammad Irfan; Sarfraz Ahmed; Shafeeq Ahmed. Empirical Correlation of Permanent Deformation Tests for Evaluating the Rutting Response of Conventional Asphaltic Concrete Mixtures. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 2017, 29, 04017059 .

AMA Style

Yasir Ali, Muhammad Irfan, Sarfraz Ahmed, Shafeeq Ahmed. Empirical Correlation of Permanent Deformation Tests for Evaluating the Rutting Response of Conventional Asphaltic Concrete Mixtures. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. 2017; 29 (8):04017059.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yasir Ali; Muhammad Irfan; Sarfraz Ahmed; Shafeeq Ahmed. 2017. "Empirical Correlation of Permanent Deformation Tests for Evaluating the Rutting Response of Conventional Asphaltic Concrete Mixtures." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 29, no. 8: 04017059.

Research article
Published: 24 March 2016 in Advances in Materials Science and Engineering
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This research characterizes the performance of various plant-produced asphalt concrete mixtures by dynamic modulus|E∗|test using asphalt mixture performance tester (AMPT). Marshall designed specimens of seven different mixtures were prepared using the Superpave gyratory compactor and subjected to sinusoidal compressive loading at various temperatures (4.4 to 54.4°C) and loading frequencies (0.1 to 25 Hz). A catalog of default dynamic modulus values for typical asphalt concrete mixtures of Pakistan was established by developing stress-dependent master curves separately, for wearing and base course mixtures. The sensitivity of temperature and loading frequency on determination of dynamic modulus value was observed by typical isothermal and isochronal curves, respectively. Also, the effects of various variables on dynamic modulus were investigated using statistical technique of two-level factorial design of experiment. Furthermore, two dynamic modulus prediction models, namely, Witczak and Hirsch, were evaluated for their regional applicability. Results indicated that both the Witczak and Hirsch models mostly underpredict the value of dynamic modulus for the selected conditions/mixtures. The findings of this study are envisaged to facilitate the implementation of relatively new performance based mechanistic-empirical structural design and analysis approach.

ACS Style

Muhammad Irfan; Asad S. Waraich; Sarfraz Ahmed; Yasir Ali. Characterization of Various Plant-Produced Asphalt Concrete Mixtures Using Dynamic Modulus Test. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016, 2016, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Muhammad Irfan, Asad S. Waraich, Sarfraz Ahmed, Yasir Ali. Characterization of Various Plant-Produced Asphalt Concrete Mixtures Using Dynamic Modulus Test. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2016; 2016 ():1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Irfan; Asad S. Waraich; Sarfraz Ahmed; Yasir Ali. 2016. "Characterization of Various Plant-Produced Asphalt Concrete Mixtures Using Dynamic Modulus Test." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016, no. : 1-12.

Journal article
Published: 11 April 2015 in European Transport Research Review
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The agencies responsible to operate and maintain airfields in developing countries manage the airfield pavements on need to do/ reactive basis instead of resorting to performance based preventive maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) activity profiles. Extracting due cognizance from literature on internationally recognized airfield pavements management systems, this research article presents a framework of the step-wise procedure for airfield pavement management system.

ACS Style

Muhammad Irfan; Muhammad Bilal Khurshid; Shahid Iqbal; Abid Khan. Framework for airfield pavements management—an approach based on cost-effectiveness analysis. European Transport Research Review 2015, 7, 1 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Irfan, Muhammad Bilal Khurshid, Shahid Iqbal, Abid Khan. Framework for airfield pavements management—an approach based on cost-effectiveness analysis. European Transport Research Review. 2015; 7 (2):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Irfan; Muhammad Bilal Khurshid; Shahid Iqbal; Abid Khan. 2015. "Framework for airfield pavements management—an approach based on cost-effectiveness analysis." European Transport Research Review 7, no. 2: 1.

Original contribution
Published: 08 March 2015 in Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures
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This paper presents the dynamic response (|E*|) and fatigue behaviour of various asphalt concrete mixtures subjected to sinusoidal compressive loading. Eight different wearing and base mixtures including Superpave, Asphalt Institute, British Standard dense bituminous macadam and Pakistan's National Highway Authority gradations were selected, and gyratory compacted specimens were fabricated. Laboratory investigations of |E*| at various temperatures (4.4 to 54.4 °C) and loading frequencies (0.1 to 25 Hz) were used to construct stress‐dependent master curves separately, for wearing and base course mixtures. The indicators of dynamic response and viscous (or elastic) properties of the mixtures were used to derive fatigue parameter to estimate the resistance to fatigue, and results revealed that Superpave wearing and NHA‐B base course had better resistance to fatigue for evaluated mixtures. Also, the sensitivity of the dynamic modulus to the variation in hot mix asphalt mix properties using different aggregate gradation, diverse loading frequencies and temperature were evaluated.

ACS Style

Y. Ali; M. Irfan; S. Ahmed; S. Khanzada; T. Mahmood. Sensitivity analysis of dynamic response and fatigue behaviour of various asphalt concrete mixtures. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 2015, 38, 1181 -1193.

AMA Style

Y. Ali, M. Irfan, S. Ahmed, S. Khanzada, T. Mahmood. Sensitivity analysis of dynamic response and fatigue behaviour of various asphalt concrete mixtures. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures. 2015; 38 (10):1181-1193.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Y. Ali; M. Irfan; S. Ahmed; S. Khanzada; T. Mahmood. 2015. "Sensitivity analysis of dynamic response and fatigue behaviour of various asphalt concrete mixtures." Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 38, no. 10: 1181-1193.

Journal article
Published: 30 January 2015 in Materials and Structures
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ACS Style

Yasir Ali; Muhammad Irfan; Sarfraz Ahmed; Shahab Khanzada; Tariq Mahmood. Investigation of factors affecting dynamic modulus and phase angle of various asphalt concrete mixtures. Materials and Structures 2015, 49, 857 -868.

AMA Style

Yasir Ali, Muhammad Irfan, Sarfraz Ahmed, Shahab Khanzada, Tariq Mahmood. Investigation of factors affecting dynamic modulus and phase angle of various asphalt concrete mixtures. Materials and Structures. 2015; 49 (3):857-868.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yasir Ali; Muhammad Irfan; Sarfraz Ahmed; Shahab Khanzada; Tariq Mahmood. 2015. "Investigation of factors affecting dynamic modulus and phase angle of various asphalt concrete mixtures." Materials and Structures 49, no. 3: 857-868.