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College students study and live at university for several years; however, the pollution levels, ecological health risks, and sources of heavy metals and metalloids (HMMs) in the dust found at university campuses are still unknown. In this study, dust samples from university campuses in Xi'an were collected and the Zn, Mn, As, Pb, V, Cr, Co, Cu, Ba, and Ni contents were measured using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The pollution levels and ecological health risks of these HMMs were evaluated using the geo-accumulation, pollution load, and potential ecological risk indices and a health risk assessment model while their sources were apportioned using positive matrix factorization. The mean HMM concentrations in the dust were higher than the corresponding background values in the topsoil of Shaanxi Province. The Mn, V, Co, As, and Ni concentrations in the dust samples analyzed were within the levels categorized as no pollution by the geo-accumulation index standard, whereas other HMMs caused pollution to different degrees. Assessment of the pollution load index indicated that the dust samples analyzed were moderate contamination with HMMs. Pb and Cu in the dust presented considerable and moderate ecological risks, respectively; the other HMMs presented low ecological risks. The combined ecological risk of the HMMs measured in the dust samples was considerable. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to male and female college students were within the safe levels. This study found three main sources of the HMMs measured in the dust: traffic, natural, and mixed sources (the latter including automobile repair industry waste and paints and pigments), which accounted for 47.5%, 29.3%, and 23.2% of the total HMM concentration, respectively.
Xinyao Fan; Xinwei Lu; Bo Yu; Ling Zuo; Peng Fan; Yufan Yang; Sukai Zhuang; Huimin Liu; Qing Qin. Risk and sources of heavy metals and metalloids in dust from university campuses: A case study of Xi'an, China. Environmental Research 2021, 202, 111703 .
AMA StyleXinyao Fan, Xinwei Lu, Bo Yu, Ling Zuo, Peng Fan, Yufan Yang, Sukai Zhuang, Huimin Liu, Qing Qin. Risk and sources of heavy metals and metalloids in dust from university campuses: A case study of Xi'an, China. Environmental Research. 2021; 202 ():111703.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXinyao Fan; Xinwei Lu; Bo Yu; Ling Zuo; Peng Fan; Yufan Yang; Sukai Zhuang; Huimin Liu; Qing Qin. 2021. "Risk and sources of heavy metals and metalloids in dust from university campuses: A case study of Xi'an, China." Environmental Research 202, no. : 111703.
Risk and source of heavy metal(loid)s (As, Cu, Cr, Pb, Mn, Ni, V, and Zn) were determined in the surrounding farmland soil of a zinc smelter in the water source area of the Mid–route of South–North Water Transfer Project of China to explore the impact of smelting activity on local environment. The heavy metal(loid)s contents were analyzed by X–ray fluorescence spectrometry and their pollution levels and ecological risks were assessed by geoaccumulation index, Nemerow synthetic pollution index and potential ecological risk index. The possible sources of the heavy metals(loid)s were identified by multivariate statistical analysis methods. The mean contents of the heavy metal(loid)s in the farmland soil were above the local soil background values except Mn. The contents of As, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Ni in the downwind direction soil decreased with the distance increasing between the sampling site and the zinc smelter. The investigated soils were moderately to seriously polluted by heavy metal(loid)s and the heavy metal(loid)s presented moderately ecological risk as a whole. As, Cu, Pb, and Zn mainly originated from zinc smelting activities. Cr, Mn, and V primarily derived from natural source. Ni mainly came from zinc smelting activities, partly from natural source. The zinc–smelting activity influenced the heavy metal(loid)s content, particularly Zn and Pb, in the surrounding farmland soil. The local government should strengthen the cooperative monitoring of heavy metal(loid)s in farmland and agricultural products, as well as pollutant emission monitoring and control.
Xinwei Lu; Sukai Zhuang. Determining environmental risk and source of heavy metal(loid)s in the surrounding farmland soil of a zinc smelter in water source area, Northwest China. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleXinwei Lu, Sukai Zhuang. Determining environmental risk and source of heavy metal(loid)s in the surrounding farmland soil of a zinc smelter in water source area, Northwest China. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXinwei Lu; Sukai Zhuang. 2021. "Determining environmental risk and source of heavy metal(loid)s in the surrounding farmland soil of a zinc smelter in water source area, Northwest China." , no. : 1.
The study on metal(loid) contamination of sediment in river upstream is lacking. The content, pollution, risk and source of ten metal(loid)s (As, Co, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr, V, Mn, Ba, and Zn) in the upstream sediment of Danjiang River, China were investigated to explore the environmental quality of headwater area. The pollution levels were ascertained by geo-accumulation index, enrichment factor, and pollution load index and ecological risks were evaluated by sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and potential ecological risk index. The results indicated that the mean contents of the determined metal(loid)s except As in the sediment exceeded their corresponding background values. All determined metal(loid)s except As, Ni, and Cr in the upstream sediment of Danjing River presented a certain degree pollution. The comprehensive pollution and overall ecological risk of the metal(loid)s in the sediment were moderate. The combination of As, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, and Zn in most samples might have 21% probability of being toxicity in terms of the SQGs results. Four main sources were identified for the metal(loid)s: Cu, Ni, Mn, and V were mainly originated from agricultural and natural sources; As, Ba, Pb, and Zn affected by traffic and industrial sources; Co originated from building material and Cr was mainly from natural source.
Sukai Zhuang; Xinwei Lu; Bo Yu; Xinyao Fan; Yufan Yang. Ascertaining the pollution, ecological risk and source of metal(loid)s in the upstream sediment of Danjiang River, China. Ecological Indicators 2021, 125, 107502 .
AMA StyleSukai Zhuang, Xinwei Lu, Bo Yu, Xinyao Fan, Yufan Yang. Ascertaining the pollution, ecological risk and source of metal(loid)s in the upstream sediment of Danjiang River, China. Ecological Indicators. 2021; 125 ():107502.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSukai Zhuang; Xinwei Lu; Bo Yu; Xinyao Fan; Yufan Yang. 2021. "Ascertaining the pollution, ecological risk and source of metal(loid)s in the upstream sediment of Danjiang River, China." Ecological Indicators 125, no. : 107502.
A comprehensive study on concentration, spatial distribution, pollution, ecological–health risk and source of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in dust of residential area in Xi’an, China were conducted to explore the environmental quality of residential area in urban district. The results show that the concentrations of V, Ni, and Mn in the dust were less than, while the contents of Cr, Zn, Pb, Cu, and Ba in the dust were obviously larger than, the soil background values of Shaanxi. The high–value area of PTEs primarily concentrated in densely populated areas, heavily trafficked areas and the surroundings of plants. Cr, Pb and Zn posed moderate enrichment and Pb possessed moderate ecological risk in the dust. The comprehensive pollution levels of PTEs in the dust were uncontaminated to moderately contaminated and their comprehensive ecological risk were moderate. The non–carcinogenic risks of the PTEs for adults and children were in the safe level and the carcinogenic risks of Ni and Cr were under the current acceptable value. Four major sources were discriminated on basis of the multivariate statistical analysis results and the content characteristics, enrichment degrees, and the spatial distribution features of the PTEs, viz. Mn, V, and Ni primarily came from natural source; Pb, Zn, and Cu mainly originated from traffic source; and Ba and Cr were respectively from construction source and coal–fired power plant source, which respectively contributed 22.8%, 28.3%, 47.3%, and 1.6% to the total content of PTEs determined in the dust.
Bo Yu; Xinwei Lu; Xinyao Fan; Peng Fan; Ling Zuo; Yufan Yang; Lingqing Wang. Analyzing environmental risk, source and spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements in dust of residential area in Xi’an urban area, China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2020, 208, 111679 .
AMA StyleBo Yu, Xinwei Lu, Xinyao Fan, Peng Fan, Ling Zuo, Yufan Yang, Lingqing Wang. Analyzing environmental risk, source and spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements in dust of residential area in Xi’an urban area, China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2020; 208 ():111679.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBo Yu; Xinwei Lu; Xinyao Fan; Peng Fan; Ling Zuo; Yufan Yang; Lingqing Wang. 2020. "Analyzing environmental risk, source and spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements in dust of residential area in Xi’an urban area, China." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 208, no. : 111679.
To understand the environmental quality and heavy metal(loid) pollution of farmlands in Shangdan Valley, the contents of macroelements (Na, K, Si, Mg, Ca, Al, Fe, Ti, P, S, Cl, Br) and heavy metal(loid)s (Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, Ni, V, Co, Cr, As) were surveyed by the X-ray fluorescence method. The pollution degree and ecological risk of the heavy metal(loid)s were judged by the Nemerow synthetic pollution index, geo-accumulation index, and potential ecological risk index, and their sources were identified by the multivariate statistic method. The mean contents of nine heavy metal(loid)s in Shangdan Valley farmland soil exceeded their corresponding reference values. Soils were not contaminated with As, Cr, Mn, and Ni but were slightly contaminated with Co, Cu, Pb, V, and Zn. Their comprehensive pollution levels were moderate to serious. The ecological risk index of single heavy metal(loid) decreased in the sequence As > Pb > Co > Cu > Ni > V > Zn > Cr > Mn. The source analysis results indicated that Cu, Pb, Zn, and As were highly affected by anthropogenic inputs, e.g., metal smelting and agricultural activities, while Mn, Ni, Cr, and V were principally derived from a natural source. As for Co, it was affected by a mixture source of nature, fossil fuel combustion, and fertilizer.
Sukai Zhuang; Xinwei Lu. Environmental Risk Evaluation and Source Identification of Heavy Metal(loid)s in Agricultural Soil of Shangdan Valley, Northwest China. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5806 .
AMA StyleSukai Zhuang, Xinwei Lu. Environmental Risk Evaluation and Source Identification of Heavy Metal(loid)s in Agricultural Soil of Shangdan Valley, Northwest China. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (14):5806.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSukai Zhuang; Xinwei Lu. 2020. "Environmental Risk Evaluation and Source Identification of Heavy Metal(loid)s in Agricultural Soil of Shangdan Valley, Northwest China." Sustainability 12, no. 14: 5806.
The concentrations of As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn in dust samples from kindergartens, primary schools, secondary schools, and universities in Xi'an City have been determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The element concentrations in dust samples collected from the campuses were higher than background levels, in particular for Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, Co, and Ba. Summary statistics and enrichment factors allowed for the differentiation between contributions from local soil and from anthropogenic sources. The results of a multivariate spatial correlation-principal component analysis demonstrated that metal concentrations could be related to natural and anthropogenic sources separately and in combination. Source apportionment based on multiple linear regression indicated that 67% of the trace elements could be ascribed to natural and traffic sources, 13% to industrial sources, 19% to construction activities, and an additional 1% to traffic and industrial sources.
Hao Chen; Xinwei Lu. Origin and distribution of trace elements in the campus dust of Xi’an, China. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 2019, 101, 75 -90.
AMA StyleHao Chen, Xinwei Lu. Origin and distribution of trace elements in the campus dust of Xi’an, China. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry. 2019; 101 (1-2):75-90.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHao Chen; Xinwei Lu. 2019. "Origin and distribution of trace elements in the campus dust of Xi’an, China." Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 101, no. 1-2: 75-90.
Intensive anthropogenic activities may add to pollution risks to lakes and rivers, which can be revealed by the magnetic characteristics of sediments. The present study aims to assess the pollution status of the sediment of a typical reservoir in northwestern China by application of magnetic susceptibility. The values of magnetic susceptibility exhibited significant positive correlations with trace metals (Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, and V) and natural radionuclides (232Th and 40K). Multivariate statistical analysis indicated common sources and similar deposition characteristics of magnetic particles and trace metals. It was conformed that magnetic susceptibility could be used as an indicator to identify industrial sources of trace metals, but was not suitable to indicate the traffic or natural sources. Linear regression equations between the low-frequency magnetic susceptibility and the integrated pollution index as well as annual effective dose rate indicated a potential for using magnetic susceptibility in semi-quantitative assessment of trace metal pollution and radiological hazard in sediments. A three-step procedure is proposed for the use of magnetic susceptibility in pollution monitoring, which provides a fast and effective method for estimating the pollution extent and tracing the major sources of trace metals in the sediment of lakes and rivers.
Huiyun Pan; Xinwei Lu; Kai Lei; Dongqi Shi; Chunhui Ren; Linna Yang; Lijun Wang. Using magnetic susceptibility to evaluate pollution status of the sediment for a typical reservoir in northwestern China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2018, 26, 3019 -3032.
AMA StyleHuiyun Pan, Xinwei Lu, Kai Lei, Dongqi Shi, Chunhui Ren, Linna Yang, Lijun Wang. Using magnetic susceptibility to evaluate pollution status of the sediment for a typical reservoir in northwestern China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2018; 26 (3):3019-3032.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuiyun Pan; Xinwei Lu; Kai Lei; Dongqi Shi; Chunhui Ren; Linna Yang; Lijun Wang. 2018. "Using magnetic susceptibility to evaluate pollution status of the sediment for a typical reservoir in northwestern China." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 3: 3019-3032.
In this study, a magnetically separable nanoscale CuFe2O4 synthesized by co-precipitation-calcination method was employed as a heterogeneous catalyst to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the generation of powerful oxidizing sulfate radical (SO4•-). The degradation of the fluoroquinolone antibiotics norfloxacin (NOR) in aqueous solution by CuFe2O4/PMS system was examined. The effect of experimental parameters, including initial pH, oxidant and NOR concentrations, catalyst dose, and water matrices on NOR removal was systematically investigated. The evolution of inorganic ions (e.g., NO3-, F-, and NH4+) and small molecular organic acids (e.g., formic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, and oxalic acid) during NOR degradation was monitored by using ion chromatography. Experimental results showed that NOR degradation was in accordance with the pseudo first-order reaction kinetics. At pH = 7, more than 90% of 25 μM NOR was removed in 120 min by using 200 mg L-1 CuFe2O4 to activate 0.5 mM PMS. Free radical quenching experiments revealed the dominant role of SO4•- in oxidizing NOR in CuFe2O4/PMS system. TOC test indicated that > 64% of initial carbon content was removed in 12 h; meanwhile an increasing buildup of carboxylic acids was observed and contributed to 32.9% of initial carbon content in 12 h, suggesting that they were the predominant end products before completely mineralization. The XRD profile of the catalyst before and after the reaction was characterized. It was found that the structure and properties of the catalyst kept stable, and the recovered catalyst exhibited good performance during the reusability test. The result therefore suggested that CuFe2O4/PMS is a promising alternative as a possible application for treatment of water polluted by norfloxacin antibiotics.
Yuru Wang; DongFan Tian; Wei Chu; Minrui Li; Xinwei Lu. Nanoscaled magnetic CuFe2O4 as an activator of peroxymonosulfate for the degradation of antibiotics norfloxacin. Separation and Purification Technology 2018, 212, 536 -544.
AMA StyleYuru Wang, DongFan Tian, Wei Chu, Minrui Li, Xinwei Lu. Nanoscaled magnetic CuFe2O4 as an activator of peroxymonosulfate for the degradation of antibiotics norfloxacin. Separation and Purification Technology. 2018; 212 ():536-544.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuru Wang; DongFan Tian; Wei Chu; Minrui Li; Xinwei Lu. 2018. "Nanoscaled magnetic CuFe2O4 as an activator of peroxymonosulfate for the degradation of antibiotics norfloxacin." Separation and Purification Technology 212, no. : 536-544.
Finer urban dusts have more serious environmental detriment and health risk than coarser urban dusts. The trace metals Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Co, Ba, Mn, Ni, V, Y, Rb, Ga, Hf, and Zr were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry in smaller than 63 μm road dust collected from the areas with different land use types and human activities in Xi'an city. The purposes of this study were to reveal the impact of human activities on the environment through element enrichment factor, and to determine the sources of trace metals measured by multivariate statistical analysis and multiple liner regression of absolute principal component scores. The results indicated that the smaller than 63 μm road dust in Xi'an, in comparison to the element background value of local soil, had higher Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Y, Hf and Zr concentrations. Trace metals had different variations in the dusts, while the anthropogenic trace metals had no significant difference in the four areas owing to the wide existing of human activities. The accumulation level of Pb was the highest, followed by Cr, Cu and Zn, and then was Hf and Zr, while the other trace metals were deficient or deficient to minimal enrichment in the finer road dust. Source analysis results indicated that Co, Ga, Mn, Ni, V, Rb and Y mainly originated from natural source, which accounted about 57%-87% for these metals' concentration. Ba, Cr, Pb, Cu and Zn primarily derived from traffic source, which contributed approximately 59%-79% to these metals' content. Hf and Zr were mainly from construction source, which contributed 74.6% to Hf concentration and 78.2% to Zr concentration. The study indicated that traffic and construction activities had a predominant influence on local environment.
Dongqi Shi; Xinwei Lu. Accumulation degree and source apportionment of trace metals in smaller than 63 μm road dust from the areas with different land uses: A case study of Xi'an, China. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 636, 1211 -1218.
AMA StyleDongqi Shi, Xinwei Lu. Accumulation degree and source apportionment of trace metals in smaller than 63 μm road dust from the areas with different land uses: A case study of Xi'an, China. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 636 ():1211-1218.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDongqi Shi; Xinwei Lu. 2018. "Accumulation degree and source apportionment of trace metals in smaller than 63 μm road dust from the areas with different land uses: A case study of Xi'an, China." Science of The Total Environment 636, no. : 1211-1218.
To appraise the content and pollution level of cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) in bus stop dusts, representative samples (n = 53) were collected from the city of Qingyang in Gansu province, NW China. The Cd, As, Hg, Ni, and Pb contents and physicochemical properties (particle size, organic matter, pH and magnetic properties) of the bus stop dusts were investigated. Pollution levels were evaluated by the Nemero synthesis pollution index (NSPI) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo). The results indicate that the magnetic susceptibilities of the bus stop dusts were higher than those in the local soils. Cd, As, Ni, and Pb contents ranged from 0.4 to 3.1, 7.1 to 16.3, 12.7 to 151.3, and 20.1 to 96.2 mg kg−1, with average values of 1.2, 10.1, 22.2, and 44.9 mg kg−1, while Hg content ranged from 4.5 to 1357.7 µg kg−1 with an average of 214.0 µg kg−1. The mean contents of Cd, As, Hg, Ni, and Pb were 12.0, 0.8, 10.0, 0.6, and 2.4 times the local soil background value, respectively. Cd, Hg and Pb in approximately 96%, 62% and 19% of the bus stop dusts were above the “moderately polluted” level in terms of Igeo. As and Ni were defined as “practically unpolluted” in all of the bus stop dusts. The NSPI values of all of the bus stop dust samples exceeded 3, which reveals overall serious contamination of harmful elements.
Yongfu Wu; Xinwei Lu. Physicochemical properties and toxic elements in bus stop dusts from Qingyang, NW China. Scientific Reports 2018, 8, 12568 .
AMA StyleYongfu Wu, Xinwei Lu. Physicochemical properties and toxic elements in bus stop dusts from Qingyang, NW China. Scientific Reports. 2018; 8 (1):12568.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYongfu Wu; Xinwei Lu. 2018. "Physicochemical properties and toxic elements in bus stop dusts from Qingyang, NW China." Scientific Reports 8, no. 1: 12568.
Dongqi Shi; Xinwei Lu; Qian Wang. Evaluating Health Hazards of Harmful Metals in Roadway Dust Particles Finer than 100 μm. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 2018, 27, 2729 -2737.
AMA StyleDongqi Shi, Xinwei Lu, Qian Wang. Evaluating Health Hazards of Harmful Metals in Roadway Dust Particles Finer than 100 μm. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 2018; 27 (6):2729-2737.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDongqi Shi; Xinwei Lu; Qian Wang. 2018. "Evaluating Health Hazards of Harmful Metals in Roadway Dust Particles Finer than 100 μm." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 27, no. 6: 2729-2737.
To investigate the environmental quality of the urban surface soil in Yinchuan City, the capital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Ningxia), China, we sampled surface soil and measured the concentrations of 8 toxic metals (Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Co, Bi, Ni and V) using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The enrichment characteristics and sources of these toxic metals in the soil were analyzed by the enrichment factor (EF) and multivariate statistical analysis. The results showed that the mean concentrations of these toxic metals in the soil samples were 25.0, 109.1, 16.8, 26.0, 37.2, 2.7, 25.3 and 59.9 mg/kg for Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Co, Bi, Ni and V, respectively, which were 1.2, 1.8, 0.8, 0.4, 3.2, 8.7, 0.7 and 0.8 times of the corresponding background values of Ningxia soil, respectively. The variations of Pb, Zn, Co, Bi and Ni concentrations in the surface soil of Yinchuan were larger than those of the other metals. Our results also showed that the toxic metals investigated in the soil had different enrichment levels. Both Co and Bi were significantly enriched, whereas Cr was only moderately enriched in the soil. There was a deficiency or minimal enrichment of the other toxic metals in the soil. Source analysis results based on the concentration, enrichment characteristics and multivariate statistical analysis indicated that Cr, V and Ni originated from a combination of fossil fuel combustion, traffic pollution and natural occurrence. Pb, Cu and Zn were predominantly derived from natural and traffic sources, while Co and Bi primarily originated from construction sources.
Mingxin Zhang; Xinwei Lu; Dongqi Shi; Huiyun Pan. Toxic metal enrichment characteristics and sources of arid urban surface soil in Yinchuan City, China. Journal of Arid Land 2018, 10, 653 -662.
AMA StyleMingxin Zhang, Xinwei Lu, Dongqi Shi, Huiyun Pan. Toxic metal enrichment characteristics and sources of arid urban surface soil in Yinchuan City, China. Journal of Arid Land. 2018; 10 (4):653-662.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMingxin Zhang; Xinwei Lu; Dongqi Shi; Huiyun Pan. 2018. "Toxic metal enrichment characteristics and sources of arid urban surface soil in Yinchuan City, China." Journal of Arid Land 10, no. 4: 653-662.
As soil-extractable elements potentially pose ecological and health risks, identifying their contamination characteristics and sources is crucial. Therefore, to understand topsoil trace elements in the urban ring zone from the Second Ring Road to the Third Ring of Xi'an city in China, we determined the concentrations of Zn, Co, V, As, Cu, Mn, Ba, Ni and Pb, and analyzed the sources of the contamination. The results showed that the individual pollution indices of Pb, Co, Cu, Zn, Ba, Ni, Mn, As, and V were 1.79, 1.48, 1.41, 1.33, 1.20, 1.07, 1.04, 0.99, and 0.99, respectively. Evaluation with the aid of the pollution load index (PLI) indicated slight soil contamination by these elements in the study area. Using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) method, we identified four sources of contamination, namely (1) a natural source, (2) traffic emission source, (3) industrial emission source, and (4) mixed source. PMF is an effective tool for source apportionment of heavy metals in topsoil. The contribution rates of the natural source, traffic source, mixed source, and industrial source to the heavy metal contamination were specified as 25.04%, 24.71%, 24.99%, and 25.26%, respectively. Considering the above, any attempt to reduce the soil environmental cost of urban development, has to take into account the heavy metal contamination of the topsoil from industries, traffic, and other activities.
Xiuduan Chen; Xinwei Lu. Contamination characteristics and source apportionment of heavy metals in topsoil from an area in Xi’an city, China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2018, 151, 153 -160.
AMA StyleXiuduan Chen, Xinwei Lu. Contamination characteristics and source apportionment of heavy metals in topsoil from an area in Xi’an city, China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2018; 151 ():153-160.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiuduan Chen; Xinwei Lu. 2018. "Contamination characteristics and source apportionment of heavy metals in topsoil from an area in Xi’an city, China." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 151, no. : 153-160.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants, presenting potential threats to the ecological environment and human health. Sixty-two urban soil samples were collected in the typical semi-arid city of Xi’an in Northwest China. They were analyzed for concentration, pollution, and ecological and health risk of sixteen U.S. Environmental Protection Agency priority PAHs. The total concentrations of the sixteen PAHs (Σ16PAHs) in the urban soil ranged from 390.6 to 10,652.8 µg/kg with an average of 2052.6 µg/kg. The concentrations of some individual PAHs in the urban soil exceeded Dutch Target Values of Soil Quality and the Σ16PAHs represented heavy pollution. Pyrene and dibenz[a,h]anthracene had high ecological risk to aquatic/soil organisms, while other individual PAHs showed low ecological risk. The total ecological risk of PAHs to aquatic/soil organisms is classified as moderate. Toxic equivalency quantities (TEQs) of the sixteen PAHs varied between 21.16 and 1625.78 µg/kg, with an average of 423.86 µg/kg, indicating a relatively high toxicity potential. Ingestion and dermal adsorption of soil dust were major pathways of human exposure to PAHs from urban soil. Incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRs) of human exposure to PAHs were 2.86 × 10−5 for children and 2.53 × 10−5 for adults, suggesting that the cancer risk of human exposure to PAHs from urban soil is acceptable.
Lijun Wang; Shengwei Zhang; Li Wang; Wenjuan Zhang; Xingmin Shi; Xinwei Lu; Xiaoping Li; Xiaoyun Li. Concentration and Risk Evaluation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Soil in the Typical Semi-Arid City of Xi’an in Northwest China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 607 .
AMA StyleLijun Wang, Shengwei Zhang, Li Wang, Wenjuan Zhang, Xingmin Shi, Xinwei Lu, Xiaoping Li, Xiaoyun Li. Concentration and Risk Evaluation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Soil in the Typical Semi-Arid City of Xi’an in Northwest China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (4):607.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLijun Wang; Shengwei Zhang; Li Wang; Wenjuan Zhang; Xingmin Shi; Xinwei Lu; Xiaoping Li; Xiaoyun Li. 2018. "Concentration and Risk Evaluation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Soil in the Typical Semi-Arid City of Xi’an in Northwest China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 4: 607.
A detailed investigation was conducted to study heavy metal contamination in road dust from four regions of Xi'an, Northwest China. The concentrations of eight heavy metals Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and V were determined by X-Ray Fluorescence. The mean concentrations of these elements were: 30.9mgkg(-1) Co, 145.0mgkg(-1) Cr, 54.7mgkg(-1) Cu, 510.5mgkg(-1) Mn, 30.8mgkg(-1) Ni, 124.5mgkg(-1) Pb, 69.6mgkg(-1) V and 268.6mgkg(-1) Zn. There was significant enrichment of Pb, Zn, Co, Cu and Cr based on geo-accumulation index value. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that levels of Cu, Pb, Zn, Co and Cr were controlled by anthropogenic activities, while levels of Mn, Ni and V were associated with natural sources. Principle component analysis and multiple linear regression were applied to determine the source apportionment. The results showed that traffic was the main source with a percent contribution of 53.4%. Natural sources contributed 26.5%, and other anthropogenic pollution sources contributed 20.1%. Clear heavy metal pollution hotspots were identified by GIS mapping. The location of point pollution sources and prevailing wind direction were found to be important factors in the spatial distribution of heavy metals.
Huiyun Pan; Xinwei Lu; Kai Lei. A comprehensive analysis of heavy metals in urban road dust of Xi'an, China: Contamination, source apportionment and spatial distribution. Science of The Total Environment 2017, 609, 1361 -1369.
AMA StyleHuiyun Pan, Xinwei Lu, Kai Lei. A comprehensive analysis of heavy metals in urban road dust of Xi'an, China: Contamination, source apportionment and spatial distribution. Science of The Total Environment. 2017; 609 ():1361-1369.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuiyun Pan; Xinwei Lu; Kai Lei. 2017. "A comprehensive analysis of heavy metals in urban road dust of Xi'an, China: Contamination, source apportionment and spatial distribution." Science of The Total Environment 609, no. : 1361-1369.
Lead contamination and exposure risk assessment in roadway dusts from four different functional areas in a typical valley city in northwest China (Xi’an) were conducted in this study. A total of 130 roadway dust samples from park area (PA), traffic area (TA), educational area (EA), and residential area (RA) were collected and Pb concentrations in the samples were determined by using XRF (X-ray fluorescence). Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor (EF) were applied to assess Pb contamination level and the hazard indexes (HI) of Pb were calculated to evaluate the exposure risks to children and adults. The results showed that roadway dusts from all four functional areas had elevated Pb concentrations and pollution characteristics of Pb were discrepant in different functional areas. The mean concentration of Pb in roadway dusts from PA, TA, EA, and RA was 147.4, 74.8, 119.6, and 161.0 mg kg−1, respectively. The Igeo and EF of Pb were mostly 1–3 and 2–20, which indicated moderate to high Pb contamination in roadway dusts. High contamination level of Pb in RA and EA should receive priority for prevention and control. Exposure risk assessment of Pb from roadway dusts was mainly in the acceptable range, but the potential risk of Pb exposure to children should be continuously concerned.
Huiyun Pan; Xinwei Lu; Kai Lei. Lead in roadway dusts from different functional areas in a typical valley city, NW China: contamination and exposure risk. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2017, 25, 523 -532.
AMA StyleHuiyun Pan, Xinwei Lu, Kai Lei. Lead in roadway dusts from different functional areas in a typical valley city, NW China: contamination and exposure risk. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2017; 25 (1):523-532.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuiyun Pan; Xinwei Lu; Kai Lei. 2017. "Lead in roadway dusts from different functional areas in a typical valley city, NW China: contamination and exposure risk." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 1: 523-532.
Adsorption of Cu2+ and Co2+ from aqueous solution using zeolite synthesized from coal gangue was examined at room temperature. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of contact time, initial ion concentration, and pH on the adsorption process. Under comparable conditions, the adsorption greatly depended on initial ion concentration and pH. Different isotherms were applied to describe equilibrium data, and the results turned out that adsorption data can be better fitted with Langmuir, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich models, indicating monolayer coverage of adsorption sites on the surface of zeolite NaX and a physical process for Co2+ and Cu2+ adsorption. Adsorption capacity calculated from Langmuir was 45.05 mg/g for Cu2+ and 44.53 mg/g for Co2+. The adsorption kinetic could be better described with the pseudo-second-order model, and the removal mechanism of Co2+ and Cu2+ by the synthesized zeolite NaX was governed by surface adsorption, film diffusion, and intra-particle diffusion. The work suggests that coal gangue-derived zeolite NaX can be used as an alternative economical adsorbent for metal ions removal.
Xinwei Lu; Dongqi Shi; Jianlong Chen. Sorption of Cu2+ and Co2+ using zeolite synthesized from coal gangue: isotherm and kinetic studies. Environmental Earth Sciences 2017, 76, 591 .
AMA StyleXinwei Lu, Dongqi Shi, Jianlong Chen. Sorption of Cu2+ and Co2+ using zeolite synthesized from coal gangue: isotherm and kinetic studies. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2017; 76 (17):591.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXinwei Lu; Dongqi Shi; Jianlong Chen. 2017. "Sorption of Cu2+ and Co2+ using zeolite synthesized from coal gangue: isotherm and kinetic studies." Environmental Earth Sciences 76, no. 17: 591.
The contamination characteristics and health risk of barium (Ba), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd) in samples of dust gathered from squares and parks of Baotou city, an industrial city situated in a semi-arid location of the northwest China were investigated. The contents of Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, V, Pb, and Zn in the collected dust samples were determined using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, while the contents of As and Hg in the dust were investigated by use of the ICP-MS. Further, cadmium was quantified through the atomic absorption spectrometry. Levels of contamination of heavy metals analyzed in the dust samples were evaluated using the Geo-Accumulation index (Igeo) as well as through a Pollution Load Index (PLI). Their health risks to children and adults were evaluated based on the US EPA model of health risk. The findings portrayed that the mean concentrations of Ba, Co Cr, Cu, Pb, V, Cd, and Hg were elevated as compared with their local soil background values. Mean values of Igeo illustrate the order of Co > Cr> Cd > Hg > Pb > Cu > Ba > V > Ni > Mn > Zn > As. It was evident that dusts from the parks and squares were “unpolluted” to “moderately polluted”. Assessment of health risk depicts that ingestion is the foremost route of exposure in regard to the heavy metals, then the dermal adsorption follows. Hg exposure from dust might also set impending health threats to children. Besides, the cancer risks of Co, Cr, Ni, Cd, and As are considered to be within the presently tolerable range.
Xiufeng Han; Xinwei Lu; Qinggeletu; Yongfu Wu. Health Risks and Contamination Levels of Heavy Metals in Dusts from Parks and Squares of an Industrial City in Semi-Arid Area of China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2017, 14, 886 .
AMA StyleXiufeng Han, Xinwei Lu, Qinggeletu, Yongfu Wu. Health Risks and Contamination Levels of Heavy Metals in Dusts from Parks and Squares of an Industrial City in Semi-Arid Area of China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14 (8):886.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiufeng Han; Xinwei Lu; Qinggeletu; Yongfu Wu. 2017. "Health Risks and Contamination Levels of Heavy Metals in Dusts from Parks and Squares of an Industrial City in Semi-Arid Area of China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 8: 886.
Environmental risks associated with Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn in street dust collected from Baotou, a medium-sized industrial city in a semi-arid area of northwest China, were assessed by using enrichment factor and the potential ecological index. Their spatial distributions and sources in the dust were analyzed on the basis of geostatistical methods and multivariate statistical analysis, respectively. The results indicate that street dust in Baotou has elevated heavy metal concentrations, especially of Co, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. Co in the dust was significantly enriched. Cr and Pb were from moderate to significant enrichment. Cu and Zn were from minimal to moderate enrichment, whereas Mn, Ni and V in the dust were from deficient to minimal enrichment. The ecological risk levels of Co and Pb in the dust were moderate to considerable and low to moderate, respectively, whereas those of other heavy metals studied in the dust presented low ecological risk. Different distribution patterns were found among the analyzed heavy metals. Three main sources of these heavy metals were identified. Cr, Mn, Ni and V originated from nature and industrial activities. Cu, Pb and Zn derived mainly from traffic sources, and Co was mainly from construction sources.
Xiufeng Han; Xinwei Lu. Spatial distribution, environmental risk and source of heavy metals in street dust from an industrial city in semi-arid area of China. Archives of Environmental Protection 2017, 43, 10 -19.
AMA StyleXiufeng Han, Xinwei Lu. Spatial distribution, environmental risk and source of heavy metals in street dust from an industrial city in semi-arid area of China. Archives of Environmental Protection. 2017; 43 (2):10-19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiufeng Han; Xinwei Lu. 2017. "Spatial distribution, environmental risk and source of heavy metals in street dust from an industrial city in semi-arid area of China." Archives of Environmental Protection 43, no. 2: 10-19.
Xinwei Lu; Huiyun Pan; Yiwen Wang. Pollution evaluation and source analysis of heavy metal in roadway dust from a resource-typed industrial city in Northwest China. Atmospheric Pollution Research 2017, 8, 587 -595.
AMA StyleXinwei Lu, Huiyun Pan, Yiwen Wang. Pollution evaluation and source analysis of heavy metal in roadway dust from a resource-typed industrial city in Northwest China. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 2017; 8 (3):587-595.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXinwei Lu; Huiyun Pan; Yiwen Wang. 2017. "Pollution evaluation and source analysis of heavy metal in roadway dust from a resource-typed industrial city in Northwest China." Atmospheric Pollution Research 8, no. 3: 587-595.