Online Education Plight and Countermeasures for MBBS in Chinese Regional Medical Schools Based on the OBE Concept During COVID-19 Pandemic

Based on theories of economics, sociology, and education, the book aims to explore the role of government and the market in China’s higher education investment. The authors comprehensively overview the characteristics of China's higher education investment system, including government funding, tuition fees, and social donations. In particular, an econometric model has been established to estimate the impact of university investment on the scale of regional higher education and average university student expenditure. Besides, they also make an international comparative analysis of the current changing trend of higher education investment structure and put forward countermeasures and suggestions to improve the government's financial and social investment in higher education. Professional scholars and postgraduate students studying Chinese higher education, the economics of education, and education finance will find this book helpful and inspiring. <!----> <!----> <!----> <!---->

Chapter 5 is International Comparison of Funds Input in Higher Education. First, this chapter divides higher education investment into government, household, and social investments, uses the data of higher education investment in OECD countries, Russia, and China from 2005 to 2015 to analyze the changes in higher education investment in these countries in detail and summarizes three patterns of higher education investment in OECD countries. It also puts forward some inspirations for perfecting the reform of China’s higher education investment system according to the actual conditions of China. Second, based on affirming the significance of private education, governments have given different forms of financial support to private educational institutions, especially high-level private schools. Using the United States as an example, this section explains government funding for private higher education in terms of “why” and “how.” Third, based on the analysis of the current situation and characteristics of the funding income of public universities in the United States, this chapter analyzes the enlightenment of the financing of public universities in the United States to Chinese universities. <!----> <!----> <!----> <!---->

Chapter 2 is Theoretical Analysis of the Input Mechanism of Higher Education. First, as a mechanism arrangement, higher education input includes many mechanism elements, with many theories supported. Thus, this chapter introduces three theories, including the theory of public goods, the theory of cost sharing, and the theory of human capital. Second, this chapter analyzes the practical evidence of governments’ fiscal input in higher education through a comparative analysis of central and local fiscal governments’ annual income and expenditure. The authors find that the central government’s fiscal expenditure is less than its fiscal income, and local governments’ fiscal expenditure is more than local fiscal income. We believe that the increase in the local government’s fiscal expenditure annually provides a financial guarantee to the development of regular universities to a great extent. Finally, this chapter analyzes the practice evidence of social funds input in higher education. Suppose higher education in China sticks to the current cost-sharing mechanism by relying on the government’s fiscal appropriation. In that case, it will bring governments tremendous fiscal pressure and harm higher education’s long-term, sustainable development. <!----> <!----> <!----> <!---->

Chapter 6 is Improve Institutional Framework of Government finance and Social Funds Input for Higher Education. First, in terms of the financial input system of higher education, to strive to improve the input level per student and achieve a rapid increase in higher education funding; to enhance the government’s efforts in higher education input and strengthen the government’s leading role in higher education financing; to enhance the level of fund management and resource utilization efficiency of institutions of higher learning. Second, in terms of the private higher education investment system, it is recommended to correctly position, scientifically govern and improve the connotation of private colleges and universities, and improve the private higher education input mechanism based on categorical management. Third, in terms of the mechanism for family and social funds to invest in higher education, scientifically formulate and improve the tuition fee standards for higher education, appropriately increase the tuition level. <!----> <!----> <!----> <!---->