To explore family members' influences on mothers' feeding practices of preschoolers in Chilean families residing in vulnerable neighborhoods from the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile. Qualitative study. Nine child care centers in Región Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile. Twenty-four mothers and one father of preschool children. Photo-elicitation techniques were applied to 25 semi-structured interviews and their subsequent inductive thematic analysis of family influences. The participants described that the family influences on their feeding practices depended on the family structure and the interpersonal closeness between relatives. Some influences directly affected child eating behavior, especially in relatives who live together, while others were mediated by the relationships generated between parents and other members of the family. Fathers, in two-parent families, and grandparents are the most influential relatives on the participants' feeding practices. Generally, fathers participated and were in line with the mother's feeding practices of their children. Grandparents enriched their grandchildren's eating experiences by offering homemade preparations, expressing affection with food, including unhealthy options, and supporting parents to diversifying and structuring feeding practices. According to their interpersonal closeness or cohabitation, parental feeding practices and child eating behaviors were impacted by family members and their dynamics. The development of strategies to prevent and treat childhood obesity should consider a family approach in vulnerable families.

To explore the perspectives of the decision makers and community members in primary health care (PHC) around the conceptualization of social participation (PS). An exploratory cross-sectional study with qualitative methodology. Health Centers of the Metropolitan Region (RM), Santiago, Chile. Eight informants from the management level (group 1), 13 from execution level in PHC (group 2), 28 community members and four community agents of health (group 3). Interviews and discussion groups were conducted, which were recorded and transcribed. The organization and analysis of the data was done with Atlas.ti 8.1. The narratives were systematized using a thematic analysis. All the documents were codified, and we hold periodic meetings to review the existing codes, as well as discussing the inclusion of new codes. Group 1 refers to a more theoretical conception of PS. Group 2 expresses more concrete and operative dimensions. Group 3 indicates that PS is embodied in particular personal experiences. Groups 1 and 3 have more than one notion of social participation in health. An institutional conception of participation prevails transversally, rooted since the 1990s. At the community level, the narratives take the form of collective practices lived around the improvement of the quality of community life mediated by the level of execution.

Objetivo: Analizar la efectividad de la entrevista motivacional (EM) individual en el tratamiento ambulatorio de la malnutrición por exceso. Diseño: Revisión sistemática de literatura con protocolo registrado en PROSPERO con N.° CDR42017058814. Fuentes de datos: EBSCO-CINAHL, Pubmed, Scielo, PsycINFO de 2010 a 2017. Selección de estudios Se incluyeron estudios con participantes adultos con sobrepeso u obesidad, pertenecientes a estudios aleatorizados controlados y caso-control con EM individual y presencial, con resultados primarios, secundarios o intermedios, incluyendo cambios de composición corporal (peso o IMC). Se incluyeron estudios en inglés o español, con texto disponible y publicados en revistas con revisión de pares. Extracción de datos Las variables principales fueron antropométricas, conductuales, psicosociales u otras variables de efecto de la EM, además de aquellas variables descriptivas de la intervención. Resultados: Once artículos fueron incluidos en esta revisión. Existe una gran variabilidad entre los estudios respecto a población, tipo de intervención y tiempo de seguimiento. En la mayoría se expresó algún efecto en la reducción de peso corporal, con un máximo de 7 kg en el grupo que recibió la intervención. Se aprecian variaciones en variables mediadoras psicosociales y metabólicas en los estudios. Conclusiones: Las intervenciones individuales de EM tienen un efecto modesto sobre la variación del peso corporal, pero podrían tener buenos resultados en variables conductuales, psicosociales y otras. Más estudios son necesarios para dilucidar la mejor forma de aplicación de EM para tener efectividad en distintas variables. Es aquí donde la atención primaria de salud presenta ventajas para generar investigación en esta estrategia. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of individual motivational interviewing (MI) in the ambulatory treatment of the overweight and obese. Design: The protocol of this systematic review is registered in PROSPERO N° CDR42017058814. Databases: EBSCO-CINAHL, Pubmed, Scielo, PsycoINFO from 2010 to 2017. Study selection: We included studies with overweight and obese adult participants, randomized trial and case control studies, with MI being applied individually and face to face, with primary or secondary results in changes in body composition (weight or BMI), published in English or Spanish, with available text and in peer-reviewed journals. Data extraction: We obtained anthropometric, behavioral, psychosocial, and other variables as effects of MI. In addition, we collected descriptive variables of the interventions. Results: Eleven articles were included in this revision. There is a great variability between the studies in terms of population, kind of intervention, and time of follow-up. In most of them, some effect was observed in reducing bodyweight, reaching a maximum of 7 kg in the group that received the MI. There are positive variations in psychosocial and metabolic variables in the studies. Conclusions: Individual MI interventions have a modest effect on the variation of bodyweight, and could have a positive impact on behavioral, psychosocial, and other variables. More studies are needed to elucidate the best form of MI application with regard to effectiveness on different variables. The primary healthcare system is in an advantageous position for generating fruitful research on this motivational strategy.

Objective: To explore women’s perceptions of changes in specific food habits at home, specifically the food budget and shopping, and food preparation, during the COVID-19 period.Design: Non-probabilistic, exploratory study. Participants completed an online self-administered questionnaire. Perceptions of food habit changes were measured on a five-point Likert scale (strongly disagree to strongly agree). Data analysis was conducted in STATA v16.0.Setting: Chile.Participants: Adult women between 25 and 65 years old (n2047).Results: Of the participants, 72 % were responsible for cooking, 69 % for buying food and 85 % for child care. Difficulties in organising and doing food budget works were observed in groups with a lower educational level, lower income and single mothers with children. Younger participants, dependent workers, women from biparental families with children and those in mandatory quarantine perceived more changes in their food shopping and budget management tasks. Participants more educated, with higher income and non-mandatory quarantine perceived to cook and eat healthier. Older participants perceived minor changes in their food preparation tasks at home; in contrast, more educated women and women from biparental families with children perceived more changes. If women were in charge of the kids or grocery shopping, more food environment changes were noticed.Conclusions: Women perceived changes in their food environments. Some of these changes are perceived worse in the more vulnerable population. COVID-19 presents a challenge for the food system and gender perspectives. This information should be considered in the design of food-related interventions.