Intensive human activities and resource consumption in China have led to increasing carbon emissions, placing enormous pressure on achieving sustainable development goals. Nonetheless, the effects of population-related factors and carbon emissions remain controversial. This study focuses on the spatiotemporal differences in and influencing effects of per-capita carbon emissions using 2010–2019 panel data covering 30 regions in China. Differing from previous studies, population-related factors are employed to classify the 30 regions into 4 classes, and kernel density estimation, σ convergence and spatial econometric models are used to analyse the spatiotemporal differences in and influencing effects of per-capita carbon emissions. The results demonstrate that overall per-capita carbon emissions rose, but there was heterogeneity in the change in per-capita carbon emissions in the 4 classes of regions. The difference in regional per-capita carbon emissions has been widening, but the change rate of the difference stabilized. Overall, per-capita carbon emissions are heavily affected by household size; however, the driving forces behind per-capita carbon emissions in the 4 classes of regions vary. These results suggest that precise and coordinated governance of carbon emissions and reverting to the traditional household structure should be considered to meet the dual carbon goal.

Information is the basis for the sustainable and stable development of financial markets. Advanced internet technology has accelerated the dissemination of information. To investigate the impacts of private information dissemination on the sustainability of the financial market, we construct a rational expectation equilibrium (REE) model. The dissemination of private information favors noise traders who receive private information and weakens the advantage of informed traders who have direct access to private information, thus reducing noise-driven volatility and increasing fundamental-driven volatility, which is not conducive to the sustainability and stability of the financial market. Private information dissemination increases information asymmetry, reduces the number of noise traders in the market, decreases market liquidity, and hurts price efficiency for both exogenous and endogenous information acquisition, which is harmful to the sustainability of the financial market. Additionally, we numerically analyze the effects of private information on noise traders, market liquidity, and price efficiency. The numerical results are consistent with the theoretical analysis. The findings highlight the potential of private information dissemination to noise traders in financial market analysis. This study contributes to the analysis of financial market sustainability.

Jeju Black cattle is one of the aboriginal Korean cattle breeds that has been isolated in Jeju island for a long time, while Yellow Hanwoo cattle has been extensively selected for beef production traits for the last several decades. Aiming to investigate broader patterns of selection, we genotyped 352 Yellow Hanwoo and 169 Jeju Black cattle using a customized 150 K bovine chip. Our composite selection signals’ analysis to identify selection signatures (cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity [XP-EHH], ΔSAF, and F_ST) identified recent and strong signature of selection near many loci with mutations affecting the traits under strong selection as outlier in Yellow Hanwoo, including SCP2 ( P = 8.41 × 10⁻¹⁰) that may be involved in the meat quality. We found nine candidate regions with significant clusters of selection signals, and further bioinformatics analyses of the genes located within these regions revealed mainly genes involved in G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007186) or olfactory transduction (bta04740), which may be due to adaptation to natural environments in Jeju island. Based on the stronger correlation of Ne₁₀/Ne₁₀₀ ratio between Yellow Hanwoo (0.61) and Jeju Black (0.66) cattle, our results suggest that the difference of chromosomal regions of selection signature between the 2 cattle breeds was due to a consequence of selection processes to adapt to environmental differences between Jeju island and the main inland, Korean peninsula.