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Dr. Vinayak Kaushal
The University of Texas at Arlington, TX, USA

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Construction Management
0 Environmental Impact Assessment
0 Trenchless Technology
0 Buried Pipes
0 Cured-in-Place Pipe (CIPP)

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Short Biography

Dr. Vinayak Kaushal is an Assistant Professor of Instruction and has earlier served as a Post-Doctoral Research Associate and an Adjunct Professor in the Civil Engineering department at the University of Texas at Arlington (UTA). He has taught a variety of undergraduate and graduate courses in construction engineering and management and general civil engineering. He has five years of experience working in the fields of construction management, research, and teaching. Dr. Kaushal has authored more than 50 peer-reviewed journal and conference papers. Dr. Kaushal had been actively involved in the industry research projects on sustainable trenchless pipeline construction and renewal technology and has collaborated in writing several research proposals. Dr. Kaushal is a member of American Society of Civil Engineers and Cured-in-Place Pipe (CIPP) subcommittee under the American Water Works Association’s Pipe Rehabilitation Standard Committee. He is also a member of the Early Career Editorial Board for Elsevier’s Underground Space Journal and board member of MDPI’s Infrastructures and Sustainability Journals for his expertise in sustainable underground infrastructure.

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Review
Published: 30 July 2021 in Infrastructures
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As human beings, we have a moral responsibility to act in a manner that takes the wellbeing of humans and Earth into consideration. When building, we must consider two things: the health of the workforce associated with construction and the state of the planet after building. Many engineers in the past have made groundbreaking achievements to revolutionize the civil infrastructure systems (CIS) industry. However, additive manufacturing (AM) has yet to be significantly recognized throughout the CIS industry. In this review, the use of all fundamental materials utilized by AM in CIS like concrete, metals, and polymers, are discussed. The objective of this study is to expand upon the technology of AM, specifically in CIS and to provide a review on the evolution of AM from 2011 to 2021. The different AM techniques that are utilized to construct said structures are also included. The review study suggests that AM can be useful in the CIS industry, as homes, bridges, and benches were manufactured with this technique. To enhance the reader’s visualization, pictures of the related built structures are also presented. It can be concluded that adopting AM techniques in the CIS industry can save material, speed up the construction process, and create a safer environment for the people that work in the CIS industry. Since the research on this subject is limited, further research on polymer printing along with metal printing is recommended.

ACS Style

Koosha Jamali; Vinayak Kaushal; Mohammad Najafi. Evolution of Additive Manufacturing in Civil Infrastructure Systems: A Ten-Year Review. Infrastructures 2021, 6, 108 .

AMA Style

Koosha Jamali, Vinayak Kaushal, Mohammad Najafi. Evolution of Additive Manufacturing in Civil Infrastructure Systems: A Ten-Year Review. Infrastructures. 2021; 6 (8):108.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Koosha Jamali; Vinayak Kaushal; Mohammad Najafi. 2021. "Evolution of Additive Manufacturing in Civil Infrastructure Systems: A Ten-Year Review." Infrastructures 6, no. 8: 108.

Original research article
Published: 23 July 2021 in Frontiers in Water
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Gravity flow wastewater collection systems are comprised of sewer pipes and manholes. Failure of a manhole may have catastrophic consequences such as developing a sinkhole in the street and roadway, and at a minimum, wastewater flow will be blocked, and stream of the manhole will backup causing a sanitary sewer overflow (SSO). Improving structural conditions of a manhole is critical to minimize these types of failures. This paper considers the impact of several lining materials including cement mortar, epoxy, polyurethane, cured-in-place composites, and a multi-layer structure material on increasing the structural capabilities of deteriorated manholes. The tasks included in this research consist literature search and, preliminary laboratory and main testing of select manhole rehabilitation materials. A finite element analysis is included to complement the experiments. Several preliminary tests according to ASTM C-39 on coated concrete cylinders, and ASTM C-293 on lined concrete beams, were performed at UT Arlington's Center for Underground Infrastructure Research and Education (CUIRE) Laboratory. The test results showed significant increase in the performance of concrete samples under compression and flexure. A second round of testing was performed on 4-ft long, 24-in. diameter concrete pipe sections with 3-in. wall thickness manufactured according to ASTM C-76. These pipe sections were lined internally with the same materials as the preliminary tests, and tested according to ASTM C-497 under Three-Edge-Bearing testing. Using computer data acquisition system, strain gages and displacement extensometers, stress/strain data were measured. The results showed that tested No-Dig manhole rehabilitation materials can significantly improve structural performance of deteriorated manholes.

ACS Style

Vinayak Kaushal; Mohammad Najafi; Alimohammad Entezarmahdi. Testing, Analysis and Classification of No-Dig Manhole Rehabilitation Materials. Frontiers in Water 2021, 3, 1 .

AMA Style

Vinayak Kaushal, Mohammad Najafi, Alimohammad Entezarmahdi. Testing, Analysis and Classification of No-Dig Manhole Rehabilitation Materials. Frontiers in Water. 2021; 3 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vinayak Kaushal; Mohammad Najafi; Alimohammad Entezarmahdi. 2021. "Testing, Analysis and Classification of No-Dig Manhole Rehabilitation Materials." Frontiers in Water 3, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2020 in Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice
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Overcut is required during bore excavation in the box jacking (BJ) technique to facilitate steering of culverts and to reduce friction. BJ is a trenchless construction technique to install rectangular box culverts under existing facilities such as highways and railroads. In this method, box culverts are pushed through the ground using the thrust power of a hydraulic jack. Soil may collapse into the annular space during project execution and cause surface or subsurface settlement. Several investigations have examined this phenomenon in pipe jacking (PJ) and tunneling. Although some aspects of BJ are similar to PJ, there are significant differences between the two methods. The objective of this paper is to investigate surface settlement and determine the associated risk for BJ projects in sandy soil. In this research, finite-element modeling (FEM) software, PLAXIS 2D, was used as the main tool to simulate BJ. Since FEM results are limited to a specific project, artificial neural network and multiple linear regression analysis were adopted in conjunction with PLAXIS 2D to understand the effects of different parameters on determining surface settlements. It was concluded that soil cohesion, box culvert depth from the surface, and overcut size have the highest impact on determining a surface settlement, and their associated risk was determined. The analytical results were validated through two case studies.

ACS Style

Babak Mamaqani; Mohammad Najafi; Vinayak Kaushal. Developing a Risk Assessment Model for Trenchless Technology: Box Jacking Technique. Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice 2020, 11, 04020035 .

AMA Style

Babak Mamaqani, Mohammad Najafi, Vinayak Kaushal. Developing a Risk Assessment Model for Trenchless Technology: Box Jacking Technique. Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice. 2020; 11 (4):04020035.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Babak Mamaqani; Mohammad Najafi; Vinayak Kaushal. 2020. "Developing a Risk Assessment Model for Trenchless Technology: Box Jacking Technique." Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice 11, no. 4: 04020035.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2020 in Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice
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Wastewater infrastructure systems deteriorate over time due to a combination of physical and chemical factors. Failure of these critical structures can cause major social, environmental, and economic impacts. To avoid such problems, several researchers attempted to develop infrastructure condition assessment methodologies to maintain sewer pipe networks at desired condition. Sewer condition prediction models are developed to provide a framework to forecast future conditions of pipes and to schedule inspection frequencies. Yet, utility managers and other authorities are often challenged with identifying the optimal timeline for inspection of sewer pipelines. Frequent inspection of sewer networks is not cost-effective due to limited time, expensive assessment technologies, and large inventories of pipes. Therefore, the objective of this state-of-the-art review is to study progress over the years in developing condition prediction models and investigating the potential factors affecting the condition of sewer pipes. Published papers for prediction models from 2001 through 2019 were identified and analyzed. Also, this study conducts a comparative analysis of the most common condition prediction models such as artificial intelligence (AI) and statistical models. The literature review suggests that, out of 20 independent variables studied, pipe age, diameter, and length are the most significant contributors to the deterioration of sewer systems. In addition, it can be concluded that AI models reduce uncertainty in current condition prediction models. Furthermore, the most appropriate prediction models for development are those that are capable of accurately finding nonlinear and complex relationships among variables. This study recommends the use of more environmental and operational factors—e.g., soil type, bedding material, flow rate, and soil corrosivity—and advanced data mining techniques to develop comprehensive and accurate condition prediction models. The findings of this study are intended to guide practitioners in developing customized condition assessment models for their agencies that can save millions of dollars through optimized inspection timelines and fewer incidents.

ACS Style

Mohammadreza Malek Mohammadi; Mohammad Najafi; Sharareh Kermanshachi; Vinayak Kaushal; Ramtin Serajiantehrani. Factors Influencing the Condition of Sewer Pipes: State-of-the-Art Review. Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice 2020, 11, 03120002 .

AMA Style

Mohammadreza Malek Mohammadi, Mohammad Najafi, Sharareh Kermanshachi, Vinayak Kaushal, Ramtin Serajiantehrani. Factors Influencing the Condition of Sewer Pipes: State-of-the-Art Review. Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice. 2020; 11 (4):03120002.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammadreza Malek Mohammadi; Mohammad Najafi; Sharareh Kermanshachi; Vinayak Kaushal; Ramtin Serajiantehrani. 2020. "Factors Influencing the Condition of Sewer Pipes: State-of-the-Art Review." Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice 11, no. 4: 03120002.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2020 in Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice
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The development of underground infrastructure, environmental concerns, and economic trends is influencing society, resulting in the advancement of technology for more efficient, environment-friendly, and cost-effective pipeline installation and renewal. A comparison of environmental and social (E and S) costs of a pipeline renewal and replacement (R and R) is an essential element when considering sustainable development of underground infrastructure. Project owners, decision-makers, design consultants, and contractors commonly take into consideration the construction costs only and overlook the E and S cost aspects while making a choice between trenchless renewal and open-cut pipeline replacement (OCPR). Trenchless cured-in-place pipes (CIPP) involve a liquid thermoset resin saturated material that is inserted into the existing pipeline by hydrostatic or air inversion or by mechanically pulling-in and inflating. The liner material is cured-in-place using hot water, steam, or light cured using ultraviolet (UV) light, resulting in the CIPP product. The objective of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis of E and S costs of a trenchless CIPP renewal method (CIPPRM) with OCPR for small diameter sanitary sewers (SDSS) and to identify influencing factors impacting costs. An actual case study based on a river basin in Pasadena, CA, was used for this research to evaluate the E and S costs implication of a small-diameter CIPPRM and OCPR. The results show that the total E and S costs of a trenchless CIPP method is 90% less as compared to OCPR for SDSS, such as 203–305 mm (8–12 in.) diameters. It was determined that the environmental impacts of the CIPP will be more than its social impacts. For open-cut, the social impacts are found to be more than environmental impacts. CIPP renewal caused less ozone depletion, global warming, smog, acidification, eutrophication, noncarcinogenics, respiratory effects, ecotoxicity effects, and fossil fuel depletion. The liner, felt, and resin influenced the environmental cost the most for CIPP compared to open-cut in which power consumption of construction equipment and pipe material drove the environmental cost. The cost of fuel for detour roads, detour delays, and pavement restoration were negligible for CIPPRM as compared with OCPR, which contributed a major social cost factor (approximately 75%). A similar approach can be applied for larger pipe diameters and other locations to develop a decision tool.

ACS Style

Vinayak Kaushal; Mohammad Najafi. Comparative Analysis of Environmental and Social Costs of Trenchless Cured-in-Place Pipe Renewal Method with Open-Cut Pipeline Replacement for Sanitary Sewers. Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice 2020, 11, 04020037 .

AMA Style

Vinayak Kaushal, Mohammad Najafi. Comparative Analysis of Environmental and Social Costs of Trenchless Cured-in-Place Pipe Renewal Method with Open-Cut Pipeline Replacement for Sanitary Sewers. Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice. 2020; 11 (4):04020037.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vinayak Kaushal; Mohammad Najafi. 2020. "Comparative Analysis of Environmental and Social Costs of Trenchless Cured-in-Place Pipe Renewal Method with Open-Cut Pipeline Replacement for Sanitary Sewers." Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice 11, no. 4: 04020037.

Technical note
Published: 15 June 2020 in Infrastructures
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An environmental impact assessment (EIA) involves the evaluation of information about pipe raw materials, processes, and product manufacturing to obtain the associated emissions and ecological impacts. Open-cut (OC) pipeline replacement involves digging a trench along the length of the proposed pipeline, placing the pipe in the trench on suitable bedding materials, and then embedding and backfilling. The trenchless cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) method involves a liquid thermoset resin saturated material that is inserted into the existing pipeline by hydrostatic or air inversion or by mechanically pulling-in and inflating. The liner material is cured-in-place using hot water or steam or light cured using ultraviolet light, resulting in the CIPP product. The objectives of this paper are: (1) to present a literature review on the progress acquired over the years in understanding the environmental impacts from the OC and CIPP methods, (2) to analyze and compare the environmental impacts for small diameter sanitary sewers (SDSS) using USEPA’s tool for the reduction and assessment of chemical and other environmental impacts (TRACI) methodology from the SimaPro software, and (3) to identify the factors that influence the environment for the OC and CIPP methods. Published papers were identified that reported the environmental impacts from the OC and CIPP methods over a period from 1989 through to 2020. An actual case study based on the City of Pasadena, California, river basin was used to carry out an environmental analysis for small diameter OC and CIPP methods. The literature review suggests that the material production phase consumes a large amount of energy and is a major contributor of environmental impacts. Higher environmental impacts from the OC method are a result of longer project durations and more equipment requirements compared to the CIPP. The assessment results show that, on average, CIPP renewal caused 68% less environmental impact, 75% less impact on human health, and 62% less resource depletion as compared to the OC replacement for SDSS. The liner, felt, and resin influenced the environment the most for CIPP as compared to the OC method, where the power consumption of construction equipment and the pipe material had the greatest environmental impacts. It can be concluded that the comparison of the environmental impacts from pipeline renewal and replacement is an important element when considering a sustainable underground infrastructure development. The pipe material and outside diameter should be considered during the installation phase by OC and CIPP methods to allow a detailed evaluation and comparison of their sustainability impacts. This study can be further developed for analyzing the environmental impacts and associated costs of the OC and CIPP methods for sanitary sewers with different project and site conditions.

ACS Style

Vinayak Kaushal; Mohammad Najafi. Comparative Assessment of Environmental Impacts from Open-Cut Pipeline Replacement and Trenchless Cured-in-Place Pipe Renewal Method for Sanitary Sewers. Infrastructures 2020, 5, 48 .

AMA Style

Vinayak Kaushal, Mohammad Najafi. Comparative Assessment of Environmental Impacts from Open-Cut Pipeline Replacement and Trenchless Cured-in-Place Pipe Renewal Method for Sanitary Sewers. Infrastructures. 2020; 5 (6):48.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vinayak Kaushal; Mohammad Najafi. 2020. "Comparative Assessment of Environmental Impacts from Open-Cut Pipeline Replacement and Trenchless Cured-in-Place Pipe Renewal Method for Sanitary Sewers." Infrastructures 5, no. 6: 48.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2020 in Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice
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With growing concerns about global warming and greenhouse gases (GHG), there is an urgent need to quantify and reduce the environmental impact (EI) of pipeline installation (PI). The most common and popular criterion used to describe sustainability efforts from the environmental perspective is the concept of carbon footprint (CF). A CF is the total set of GHG emissions caused by an organization, event, or product. It is expressed in terms of the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2), or its equivalent of other emitted GHGs. The open-cut pipeline installation (OCPI) method involves digging a trench along the length of the proposed pipeline, placing the pipe in the trench on suitable bedding materials and then embedding and backfilling. The trenchless method (TM) involves methods, materials, and equipment capable of the installation of new, replacing old, or renewing existing pipelines with minimal disruption to surface traffic, business, and subsurface. Choosing an appropriate low-carbon emission method to install or renew pipelines is an important task and may consider environmental concerns due to several energy-consuming activities, including material manufacturing, transportation, and installation. Because essentially, every PI and renewal project impacts the environment, it is of utmost importance for the pipeline project owner and the design engineer to evaluate this impact and take necessary actions to minimize any negative consequence. The objective of this paper is to present a literature review on progress acquired over the years in understanding GHG emissions from OCPI and TMs and to discuss a framework for CF estimation. Published papers were identified that reported GHG emissions and CF of the open-cut (OC) method and TM over a period from 1989 through 2019. This literature review suggests that for most of these PI and renewal projects, the material production phase consumes a large amount of energy and is a major contributor of GHG emissions. Higher GHG emissions in the OCPI method is a result of longer project durations and more equipment requirements compared with TMs where a smaller footprint or excavation area is used. Early phases of project planning should include appropriate ecological decisions consistent with the life cycle cost (LCC) and CF considerations. Pipe material and outside diameter should be considered during the installation phase by OC and TM to allow a detailed evaluation and comparison of their sustainability impacts. Incorporation of additional factors, such as cost and duration of the project, into the environmental analysis is recommended for the development of a comprehensive decision-making model to select the most environment-friendly PI method.

ACS Style

Vinayak Kaushal; Mohammad Najafi; Ramtin Serajiantehrani. Environmental Impacts of Conventional Open-Cut Pipeline Installation and Trenchless Technology Methods: State-of-the-Art Review. Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice 2020, 11, 03120001 .

AMA Style

Vinayak Kaushal, Mohammad Najafi, Ramtin Serajiantehrani. Environmental Impacts of Conventional Open-Cut Pipeline Installation and Trenchless Technology Methods: State-of-the-Art Review. Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice. 2020; 11 (2):03120001.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vinayak Kaushal; Mohammad Najafi; Ramtin Serajiantehrani. 2020. "Environmental Impacts of Conventional Open-Cut Pipeline Installation and Trenchless Technology Methods: State-of-the-Art Review." Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice 11, no. 2: 03120001.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2020 in Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice
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Microbiologically induced deterioration (MID) of concrete sewers is a common problem that requires a considerable amount of rehabilitation investment every year. MID is the result of dilute sulfuric acid dissolving the cement matrix. The acid is produced by a complex series of chemical and biochemical reactions. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is produced by sulfur reducing bacteria (SRB) in the liquid phase, and then in time, this gas is converted by sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) into sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The last conversion occurs above the liquid level under aerobic condition. The objective of this study is to present a literature review and authors’ experience on progress acquired over years in understanding causes and effects of MID of concrete in municipal sewerage systems, methods to prevent and control MID from happening, and rehabilitation of already damaged pipes and structures. Published papers were identified that directly or indirectly reported MID of concrete in sewer structures over a period from 1980–2018. The literature review and authors’ data suggest that deterioration of concrete is a complex process that involves varied surface interactions. Many empirical inputs that vary with installation and repair of various structures have been identified. The addition of liquid antimicrobial additive per standard procedure shows resistance of concrete to MID. Additionally, results show that resistance of concrete to MID increases with increase in the mixing time of the admixture. Further research is needed to study the concrete–microorganism interactions to have a better understanding of the microbiologically induced culture that leads to concrete deterioration in the sanitary sewerage systems. Additionally, there is a need to identify and develop more effective coatings, and safe antibacterial agents that can be used during construction of sewers to inhibit colonization of SOB over the exposed portion of the sewers.

ACS Style

Vinayak Kaushal; Mohammad Najafi; Johnny Love; Syed R. Qasim. Microbiologically Induced Deterioration and Protection of Concrete in Municipal Sewerage System: Technical Review. Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice 2020, 11, 03119002 .

AMA Style

Vinayak Kaushal, Mohammad Najafi, Johnny Love, Syed R. Qasim. Microbiologically Induced Deterioration and Protection of Concrete in Municipal Sewerage System: Technical Review. Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice. 2020; 11 (1):03119002.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vinayak Kaushal; Mohammad Najafi; Johnny Love; Syed R. Qasim. 2020. "Microbiologically Induced Deterioration and Protection of Concrete in Municipal Sewerage System: Technical Review." Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice 11, no. 1: 03119002.

Review
Published: 22 October 2019 in Infrastructures
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Wastewater infrastructure systems deteriorate over time due to a combination of aging, physical, and chemical factors, among others. Failure of these critical structures cause social, environmental, and economic impacts. To avoid such problems, infrastructure condition assessment methodologies are developing to maintain sewer pipe network at desired condition. However, currently utility managers and other authorities have challenges when addressing appropriate intervals for inspection of sewer pipelines. Frequent inspection of sewer network is not cost-effective due to limited time and high cost of assessment technologies and large inventory of pipes. Therefore, it would be more beneficial to first predict critical sewers most likely to fail and then perform inspection to maximize rehabilitation or renewal projects. Sewer condition prediction models are developed to provide a framework to forecast future condition of pipes and to schedule inspection frequencies. The objective of this study is to present a state-of-the-art review on progress acquired over years in development of statistical condition prediction models for sewer pipes. Published papers for prediction models over a period from 2001 through 2019 are identified. The literature review suggests that deterioration models are capable to predict future condition of sewer pipes and they can be used in industry to improve the inspection timeline and maintenance planning. A comparison between logistic regression models, Markov Chain models, and linear regression models are provided in this paper. Artificial intelligence techniques can further improve higher accuracy and reduce uncertainty in current condition prediction models.

ACS Style

Mohammadreza Malek Mohammadi; Mohammad Najafi; Vinayak Kaushal; Ramtin Serajiantehrani; Nazanin Salehabadi; Taha Ashoori; Malek Mohammadi. Sewer Pipes Condition Prediction Models: A State-of-the-Art Review. Infrastructures 2019, 4, 64 .

AMA Style

Mohammadreza Malek Mohammadi, Mohammad Najafi, Vinayak Kaushal, Ramtin Serajiantehrani, Nazanin Salehabadi, Taha Ashoori, Malek Mohammadi. Sewer Pipes Condition Prediction Models: A State-of-the-Art Review. Infrastructures. 2019; 4 (4):64.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammadreza Malek Mohammadi; Mohammad Najafi; Vinayak Kaushal; Ramtin Serajiantehrani; Nazanin Salehabadi; Taha Ashoori; Malek Mohammadi. 2019. "Sewer Pipes Condition Prediction Models: A State-of-the-Art Review." Infrastructures 4, no. 4: 64.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2019 in Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice
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Diameters and wall thicknesses of flexible pipes are usually designed as per hydraulic requirements, such as flow capacity, internal fluid pressure, and pipe material properties. Proper embedment is then designed to protect the pipe integrity against external loads. This paper considered engineering properties of embedment soils in analysis of flexible pipe–soil system for external load conditions and a new model was developed for the prediction of deflection of flexible steel pipe. Full-scale laboratory tests were performed to develop the new model and finite-element models were analyzed to validate the test results. In this research, the finite-element method was effectively used to model the soil–pipe interaction for five full-scale laboratory tests conducted on a steel pipe. Such models can be used for analysis of flexible pipe embedment design for layered embedment conditions. The results of finite-element analysis showed that the squaring of the pipe occurs when the haunch soil is weak compared to the side column. Another critical observation made during the tests was that the stresses at the bottom of the pipe and the bedding angle are highly dependent on haunch soil strength. It is desirable that the stress due to surcharge load on top of the pipe, weight of the pipe, and water inside the pipe be distributed uniformly across the width of the bedding.

ACS Style

Jwala R. Sharma; Mohammad Najafi; David Marshall; Vinayak Kaushal; Mohsen Hatami. Development of a Model for Estimation of Buried Large-Diameter Thin-Walled Steel Pipe Deflection due to External Loads. Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice 2019, 10, 04019019 .

AMA Style

Jwala R. Sharma, Mohammad Najafi, David Marshall, Vinayak Kaushal, Mohsen Hatami. Development of a Model for Estimation of Buried Large-Diameter Thin-Walled Steel Pipe Deflection due to External Loads. Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice. 2019; 10 (3):04019019.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jwala R. Sharma; Mohammad Najafi; David Marshall; Vinayak Kaushal; Mohsen Hatami. 2019. "Development of a Model for Estimation of Buried Large-Diameter Thin-Walled Steel Pipe Deflection due to External Loads." Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice 10, no. 3: 04019019.

Conference paper
Published: 11 July 2018 in Pipelines 2018
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Microbially induced corrosion (MIC) of concrete is a major cause of deterioration in sanitary sewer systems and requires considerable amount of rehabilitation investment every year. MIC is caused by the production of hydrogen sulfide by sulfur oxidizing microorganisms present inside the sanitary sewers. The objective of this paper is to investigate solutions for reduction and/or elimination of MIC in the concrete sanitary sewers. This study reviews the cement chemistry, basic science behind concrete deterioration, and MIC production that takes place due to various biological processes which lead to the production of dilute sulfuric acid. Historical attempts to fortify concrete along with methods to reduce odors and corrosion by treatment of raw sewage are discussed. Experimental testing as per ASTM D4783 standard shows resistance of concrete samples to microbial attack with the use of antimicrobial additives.

ACS Style

Vinayak Kaushal; Mohammad Najafi; Johnny Love. Qualitative Investigation of Microbially Induced Corrosion of Concrete in Sanitary Sewer Pipe and Manholes. Pipelines 2018 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Vinayak Kaushal, Mohammad Najafi, Johnny Love. Qualitative Investigation of Microbially Induced Corrosion of Concrete in Sanitary Sewer Pipe and Manholes. Pipelines 2018. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vinayak Kaushal; Mohammad Najafi; Johnny Love. 2018. "Qualitative Investigation of Microbially Induced Corrosion of Concrete in Sanitary Sewer Pipe and Manholes." Pipelines 2018 , no. : 1.