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Azadeh Parvin
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA

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Journal article
Published: 26 August 2021 in CivilEng
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This paper presents a nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) of textiles reinforced mortars (TRM)-confined reinforced concrete (RC) columns through jacketing, under combined axial and cyclic loadings. The FEA models were validated with an experimental study in the literature that was conducted on full-scale square columns reinforced with continuous steel bars (no lap splices). Subsequently, parametric study was performed on the validated FEA models. The parameters considered include various jacket’s lengths and mortar strengths. Moreover, semiempirical models were developed to evaluate the plastic hinge length (LP) and the ultimate drift ratio of RC columns confined with TRM and FRP jackets, while considering the jacket length effect. The FEA models and experimental results were in good agreement. The finite element results revealed that the increase in the jacket length improved the lateral deformation capacity and increased the plastic hinge length linearly up to a confinement ratio of 0.2. Beyond this point, the plastic hinge length shortened as the confinement ratio raised. Moreover, mortars with higher flexural strength resulted in a slightly higher deformation capacity. However, the difference in the mortar compressive strength did not affect the ultimate lateral deformation capacity. The semiempirical models show that the average difference in the predicted LP and the ultimate drift ratio values as compared to the experimental and simulated columns was 3.19 and 16.06%, respectively.

ACS Style

Azadeh Parvin; Mohannad Alhusban. Lateral Deformation Capacity and Plastic Hinge Length of RC Columns Confined with Textile Reinforced Mortar Jackets. CivilEng 2021, 2, 670 -691.

AMA Style

Azadeh Parvin, Mohannad Alhusban. Lateral Deformation Capacity and Plastic Hinge Length of RC Columns Confined with Textile Reinforced Mortar Jackets. CivilEng. 2021; 2 (3):670-691.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Azadeh Parvin; Mohannad Alhusban. 2021. "Lateral Deformation Capacity and Plastic Hinge Length of RC Columns Confined with Textile Reinforced Mortar Jackets." CivilEng 2, no. 3: 670-691.

Journal article
Published: 08 August 2021 in CivilEng
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Light wood roof-to-wall connections are vulnerable when subjected to high-speed winds. In lieu of traditional metal connections, the present finite element analysis (FEA) study focuses on the use of epoxy and easy-to-apply, noncorrosive FRP ties to connect the roof and the walls in wood frames. The FEA models of the wood roof-to-wall GFRP connection were validated with an experimental study in the literature. Subsequently parametric study was performed on the validated FEA models. Parameters considered were the addition of anchorages to secure the GFRP ties for FEA models of shear and uplift tests, and various FRP types. Wood roof-to-wall connection uplift model was subjected to monotonic cyclic loading to simulate the effect of wind load. In addition, carbon and basalt FRP ties were also examined under monotonic cyclic loading. To evaluate the efficiency of GFRP ties with and without anchorages, the shear and uplift design loads specified in ASCE 7-16 were calculated. Finally, a formula was proposed to approximate the shear strength of GFRP connection in comparison with double shear bolted metal plate connections. The FEA models and experimental results were in good agreement. The finite element results revealed that anchorage increased the uplift load capacity by 15% but the increase in shear capacity was insignificant. Comparing glass, carbon, and basalt FRP ties, BFRP was superior in deformation capacity and CFRP provided more stiffness on uplift test simulation. GFRP ties were found to be approximately nine times stronger in shear and two times stronger in uplift resistance than hurricane clips. Finally, the proposed formula could predict the shear strength of GFRP tie connection which in turns contributes to the design and future research.

ACS Style

Aman Dhakal; Azadeh Parvin. Fiber Reinforced Polymer as Wood Roof-to-Wall Connections to Withstand Hurricane Wind Loads. CivilEng 2021, 2, 652 -669.

AMA Style

Aman Dhakal, Azadeh Parvin. Fiber Reinforced Polymer as Wood Roof-to-Wall Connections to Withstand Hurricane Wind Loads. CivilEng. 2021; 2 (3):652-669.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aman Dhakal; Azadeh Parvin. 2021. "Fiber Reinforced Polymer as Wood Roof-to-Wall Connections to Withstand Hurricane Wind Loads." CivilEng 2, no. 3: 652-669.

Journal article
Published: 30 January 2020 in Engineering Structures
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The present study involves flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) beams by prestressed fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) and iron-based shape memory alloys (Fe-SMAs) using the near surface mounted (NSM) technique. ANSYS nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) software was employed to model RC beams which were validated using the data from an existing experimental study in the literature. Parameters considered were rod length and NSM rod material type under three prestressing levels 20, 30 and 40%. The influence of these parameters on the beams’ load carrying capacity, midspan displacement, ductility index, and failure mode were determined. The results showed that at higher levels of rod prestressing, cracking, yielding, and ultimate load capacities of the beam were improved. However, the displacement was decreased and consequently, the ductility index reduced as prestressing level increased. Furthermore, the Fe-SMA material was able to provide significant ductility. The optimum prestressing level could be identified based on the primary RC beams’ design criteria to either improve load or displacement capacity or both.

ACS Style

J. Raad; A. Parvin. Iron-based shape memory alloy and fiber reinforced polymers rods for prestressed NSM strengthening of RC beams. Engineering Structures 2020, 207, 110274 .

AMA Style

J. Raad, A. Parvin. Iron-based shape memory alloy and fiber reinforced polymers rods for prestressed NSM strengthening of RC beams. Engineering Structures. 2020; 207 ():110274.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J. Raad; A. Parvin. 2020. "Iron-based shape memory alloy and fiber reinforced polymers rods for prestressed NSM strengthening of RC beams." Engineering Structures 207, no. : 110274.

Review
Published: 28 March 2018 in Polymers
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This paper presents a review of recent studies on reinforced concrete (RC) structural components, such as beam-column joints (BCJs). These members are internally or externally reinforced with corrosion free shape memory alloy (SMA), fiber reinforced polymers (FRP), or a combination of the two materials. Bonded FRP sheets or near surface mounted (NSM) FRP bars are used in external strengthening cases. The use of FRP and SMA materials in RC structures can offer great potential benefits including lifetime cost saving, durability, safety, and post-earthquake serviceability for RC structures. Although FRP materials are well known for their corrosion resistance, high strength-to-weight ratios, ease of application, and constructability; SMA materials as reinforcement allow the structures to regain their original shape after the termination of the load without any permanent large residual deformation. In summary, the presented literature review provides an insight into the ongoing research on the use of these materials for retrofitting or strengthening of RC structural components and the trends for future research in this area. The cost and durability are also discussed.

ACS Style

Azadeh Parvin; Janet Raad. Internal and External Reinforcement of Concrete Members by Use of Shape Memory Alloy and Fiber Reinforced Polymers under Cyclic Loading-A Review. Polymers 2018, 10, 376 .

AMA Style

Azadeh Parvin, Janet Raad. Internal and External Reinforcement of Concrete Members by Use of Shape Memory Alloy and Fiber Reinforced Polymers under Cyclic Loading-A Review. Polymers. 2018; 10 (4):376.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Azadeh Parvin; Janet Raad. 2018. "Internal and External Reinforcement of Concrete Members by Use of Shape Memory Alloy and Fiber Reinforced Polymers under Cyclic Loading-A Review." Polymers 10, no. 4: 376.

Review
Published: 11 August 2016 in Polymers
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This paper provides a critical review of recent studies on strengthening of reinforced concrete and unreinforced masonry (URM) structures by fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) through near-surface mounting (NSM) method. The use of NSM-FRP has been on the rise, mainly due to composite materials’ high strength and stiffness, non-corrosive nature and ease of installation. Experimental investigations presented in this review have confirmed the benefits associated with NSM-FRP for flexural and shear strengthening of RC and URM structures. The use of prestressing and anchorage systems to further improve NSM-FRP strain utilization and changes in failure modes has also been presented. Bond behavior of NSM-FRP-concrete or masonry interface, which is a key factor in increasing the load capacity of RC and URM structures has been briefly explored. Presented studies related to the effect of temperature on the bond performance of NSM-FRP strengthened systems with various insulations and adhesive types, show better performance than externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) FRP retrofitting. In summary, the presented literature review provides an insight into the ongoing research on the use of NSM-FRP for strengthening of structural members and the trends for future research in this area.

ACS Style

Azadeh Parvin; Taqiuddin Syed Shah. Fiber Reinforced Polymer Strengthening of Structures by Near-Surface Mounting Method. Polymers 2016, 8, 298 .

AMA Style

Azadeh Parvin, Taqiuddin Syed Shah. Fiber Reinforced Polymer Strengthening of Structures by Near-Surface Mounting Method. Polymers. 2016; 8 (8):298.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Azadeh Parvin; Taqiuddin Syed Shah. 2016. "Fiber Reinforced Polymer Strengthening of Structures by Near-Surface Mounting Method." Polymers 8, no. 8: 298.

Review
Published: 03 April 2014 in Polymers
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This paper provides a review of some of the progress in the area of fiber reinforced polymers (FRP)-strengthening of columns for several loading scenarios including impact load. The addition of FRP materials to upgrade deficiencies or to strengthen structural components can save lives by preventing collapse, reduce the damage to infrastructure, and the need for their costly replacement. The retrofit with FRP materials with desirable properties provides an excellent replacement for traditional materials, such as steel jacket, to strengthen the reinforced concrete structural members. Existing studies have shown that the use of FRP materials restore or improve the column original design strength for possible axial, shear, or flexure and in some cases allow the structure to carry more load than it was designed for. The paper further concludes that there is a need for additional research for the columns under impact loading senarios. The compiled information prepares the ground work for further evaluation of FRP-strengthening of columns that are deficient in design or are in serious need for repair due to additional load or deterioration.

ACS Style

Azadeh Parvin; David Brighton. FRP Composites Strengthening of Concrete Columns under Various Loading Conditions. Polymers 2014, 6, 1040 -1056.

AMA Style

Azadeh Parvin, David Brighton. FRP Composites Strengthening of Concrete Columns under Various Loading Conditions. Polymers. 2014; 6 (4):1040-1056.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Azadeh Parvin; David Brighton. 2014. "FRP Composites Strengthening of Concrete Columns under Various Loading Conditions." Polymers 6, no. 4: 1040-1056.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2010 in Journal of Composites for Construction
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The research presented in this study involves full-scale experimental evaluation of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) rehabilitation for existing beam-column joints designed for gravity load with common pre-1970s deficient reinforcement details when subjected to cyclic loading. Numerous studies have demonstrated effectiveness of externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials for retrofitting the deteriorating RC structures. Although these materials are widely used in bridges, their applications in buildings have been somewhat limited. In particular, the experimental investigations on external FRP retrofit of deficient beam-column joints have not thoroughly been investigated and they are mainly on scaled-down specimens. The failure of these subassemblies, which possess lack of shear reinforcement within the joint core and shortly embedded positive beam reinforcement, would possibly result in catastrophic collapse of reinforced concrete frame structure during an earthquake event. Recognizing the urgent need to upgrade these structural subassemblies, the current investigation uses CFRP retrofit techniques to enhance the performance of such deficient joints. Experimental variables studied entail the developed CFRP retrofit configurations, and magnitude of the applied column axial load. Comparative analysis of the lateral loads versus drift hysteresis loops, stiffness degradation, and total dissipated energy curves of three as-built and three corresponding CFRP-retrofitted RC joints revealed that significant improvement in the shear capacity of the upgraded joints occurred. More importantly, the slippage of short embedded beam positive reinforcement into the joint was substantially controlled due to the developed CFRP retrofit. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of CFRP retrofit configurations in enhancing the structural performance of actual size connections.

ACS Style

Azadeh Parvin; Selcuk Altay; Cem Yalcin; Osman Kaya. CFRP Rehabilitation of Concrete Frame Joints with Inadequate Shear and Anchorage Details. Journal of Composites for Construction 2010, 14, 72 -82.

AMA Style

Azadeh Parvin, Selcuk Altay, Cem Yalcin, Osman Kaya. CFRP Rehabilitation of Concrete Frame Joints with Inadequate Shear and Anchorage Details. Journal of Composites for Construction. 2010; 14 (1):72-82.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Azadeh Parvin; Selcuk Altay; Cem Yalcin; Osman Kaya. 2010. "CFRP Rehabilitation of Concrete Frame Joints with Inadequate Shear and Anchorage Details." Journal of Composites for Construction 14, no. 1: 72-82.

Journal article
Published: 29 February 2008 in Composite Structures
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This paper presents a numerical analysis to investigate the effect of ply angle on the improvement of shear capacity and ductility of beam–column connections strengthened with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) wraps under combined axial and cyclic loads. Three-dimensional nonlinear finite element models for the beam–column connections were developed and simulated with the Marc.Mentat™ 2001 finite element analysis (FEA) software. An experimental study on an FRP-wrapped beam–column connection, which was previously reported in the literature, was utilized to validate the accuracy of the proposed finite element models. The FEA study entailed profiling the behavior of three beam–column connections that were strengthened through the CFRP wrapping with various ply angle configurations. Analysis results indicated that four layers of wrapping placed successively at ±45° ply angles with respect to the horizontal axis is the most suitable upgrade scheme for improving shear capacity and ductility of beam–column connections under combined axial and cyclic loads.

ACS Style

Azadeh Parvin; Shanhong Wu. Ply angle effect on fiber composite wrapped reinforced concrete beam–column connections under combined axial and cyclic loads. Composite Structures 2008, 82, 532 -538.

AMA Style

Azadeh Parvin, Shanhong Wu. Ply angle effect on fiber composite wrapped reinforced concrete beam–column connections under combined axial and cyclic loads. Composite Structures. 2008; 82 (4):532-538.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Azadeh Parvin; Shanhong Wu. 2008. "Ply angle effect on fiber composite wrapped reinforced concrete beam–column connections under combined axial and cyclic loads." Composite Structures 82, no. 4: 532-538.

Journal article
Published: 30 June 2006 in Composite Structures
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In this study, the performance of axially loaded, small-scale, and fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) wrapped concrete columns with various wrap angle configurations, wrap thicknesses, and concrete strengths was investigated through nonlinear finite element analysis. Three different wrap thicknesses, wrap ply angle configurations of 0°, ±15°, and 0°/±15°/0° with respect to the circumferential direction, and concrete strength values ranging from 3 ksi to 6 ksi were considered. An existing experimental study on FRP-confined circular columns in the literature was utilized to validate numerical analysis models. The finite element analysis results showed substantial increase in the axial compressive strength and ductility of the FRP-confined concrete cylinders as compared to the unconfined cylinders. The increase in wrap thickness also resulted in enhancement of axial strength and ductility of the concrete columns. The gain in axial compressive strength in FRP-wrapped concrete columns was observed to be higher for lower strength concrete and the highest in the columns wrapped with the 0° ply angle configuration.

ACS Style

Azadeh Parvin; Aditya S. Jamwal. Performance of externally FRP reinforced columns for changes in angle and thickness of the wrap and concrete strength. Composite Structures 2006, 73, 451 -457.

AMA Style

Azadeh Parvin, Aditya S. Jamwal. Performance of externally FRP reinforced columns for changes in angle and thickness of the wrap and concrete strength. Composite Structures. 2006; 73 (4):451-457.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Azadeh Parvin; Aditya S. Jamwal. 2006. "Performance of externally FRP reinforced columns for changes in angle and thickness of the wrap and concrete strength." Composite Structures 73, no. 4: 451-457.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2005 in Composite Structures
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The behavior of small-scale fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) wrapped concrete cylinders under uniaxial compressive loading was investigated through nonlinear finite element analysis. Two parameters were considered for this numerical study: the FRP wrap thickness, and the ply configuration. Performances of numerical models with “hoop-angle-hoop” and “angle-hoop-angle” ply configurations were compared, where the terms “hoop” and “angle” indicate that wraps were oriented at an angle of 0° and 45° in reference to circumferential direction, respectively. The finite element analysis results showed substantial increase in the axial compressive strength and ductility of the FRP confined concrete cylinders as compared to the unconfined ones. The cylinders with “hoop-angle-hoop” ply configuration in general exhibited higher axial stress and strain capacities as compared to the cylinders with the “angle-hoop-angle” ply configuration. The increase in wrap thickness also resulted in enhancement of axial strength and ductility of the concrete cylinders.

ACS Style

Azadeh Parvin; Aditya S. Jamwal. Effects of wrap thickness and ply configuration on composite-confined concrete cylinders. Composite Structures 2005, 67, 437 -442.

AMA Style

Azadeh Parvin, Aditya S. Jamwal. Effects of wrap thickness and ply configuration on composite-confined concrete cylinders. Composite Structures. 2005; 67 (4):437-442.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Azadeh Parvin; Aditya S. Jamwal. 2005. "Effects of wrap thickness and ply configuration on composite-confined concrete cylinders." Composite Structures 67, no. 4: 437-442.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2002 in Composite Structures
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This paper presents nonlinear finite element analysis of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) jacketed reinforced concrete columns under combined axial and cyclic lateral loadings. Large-scale control and FRP-wrapped reinforced concrete columns (762 mm in diameter and 4978 mm in height) were modeled using the nonlinear finite element analysis software MARC™. The models were capable of allowing for the degradation of the stiffness under cyclic loading. The finite element analysis results indicated that reinforced concrete columns externally wrapped with the FRP fabric in the potential plastic hinge location at the bottom of the column showed significant improvement in both strength and ductility capacities, and the FRP jacket could be used to delay the degradation of the stiffness of reinforced concrete columns.

ACS Style

Azadeh Parvin; Wei Wang. Concrete columns confined by fiber composite wraps under combined axial and cyclic lateral loads. Composite Structures 2002, 58, 539 -549.

AMA Style

Azadeh Parvin, Wei Wang. Concrete columns confined by fiber composite wraps under combined axial and cyclic lateral loads. Composite Structures. 2002; 58 (4):539-549.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Azadeh Parvin; Wei Wang. 2002. "Concrete columns confined by fiber composite wraps under combined axial and cyclic lateral loads." Composite Structures 58, no. 4: 539-549.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2001 in Journal of Composites for Construction
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This paper describes a study on the behavior of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) jacketed square concrete columns subjected to eccentric loading. The effect of strain gradient on the behavior of concrete columns confined by the FRP jacket was investigated through experimental and numerical analysis methods. Nine (108 × 108 × 305 mm) square concrete column stubs with zero, one, and two plies of unidirectional carbon FRP fabric were tested under axial compressive loading. In addition to the FRP jacket thickness, the effects of various eccentricities were examined. The nonlinear finite-element analysis results were compared and validated against the experimental test results. The results show that the FRP jacket can greatly enhance the strength and ductility of concrete columns under eccentric loading and that the strain gradient reduces the retrofit efficiency of the FRP jacket for concrete columns. Therefore, a smaller enhancement factor should be used in designing FRP-jacketed columns under eccentric loading. Furthermore, the nonlinear finite-element models established in this study can be used as templates for future research work on FRP-confined concrete columns.

ACS Style

Azadeh Parvin; Wei Wang. Behavior of FRP Jacketed Concrete Columns under Eccentric Loading. Journal of Composites for Construction 2001, 5, 146 -152.

AMA Style

Azadeh Parvin, Wei Wang. Behavior of FRP Jacketed Concrete Columns under Eccentric Loading. Journal of Composites for Construction. 2001; 5 (3):146-152.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Azadeh Parvin; Wei Wang. 2001. "Behavior of FRP Jacketed Concrete Columns under Eccentric Loading." Journal of Composites for Construction 5, no. 3: 146-152.