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Susana Amaral
Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal

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Journal article
Published: 11 March 2021 in Water
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Requalification of low-head ramped weirs through the addition of substrates (retrofitting) has attracted attention in recent years. However, few studies are available on how this measure affects the negotiation of ramped weirs by fish. This study aimed to assess the performance of an experimental ramped weir (3.00 m long with 10% slope; 0.30 m head-drop) to enhance the passage of a potamodromous cyprinid species, the Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei). Attention was given to testing the effects of the addition of a substrate, in this case cobbles, to the ramp (Nature) vs. a smooth bottom (Control), and discharge (Q; 55 L·s−1 and 110 L·s−1 (or specific discharge per unit width, q = 92 L·s−1·m−1 and 183 L·s−1·m−1)) on fish passage performance. Fish physiological responses to stress and fatigue, measured by glucose and lactate concentrations in blood samples, were also analysed. Results showed that the Nature design generally increased fish movements and successful upstream passages, and enhanced fish passage performance by enabling faster negotiations. Fish movements were also affected by increasing discharge, registering reductions with 110 L·s−1. Results of the physiological parameters indicate that both glucose and lactate concentrations were also influenced by discharge. The outcomes from this study present important information about fish passage performance across low-head ramped weirs and could provide data needed to help biologists and engineers to develop more effective structures to alleviate small instream obstacles.

ACS Style

Susana Amaral; Paulo Branco; Filipe Romão; Maria Ferreira; António Pinheiro; José Santos. Evaluation of Low-Head Ramped Weirs for a Potamodromous Cyprinid: Effects of Substrate Addition and Discharge on Fish Passage Performance, Stress and Fatigue. Water 2021, 13, 765 .

AMA Style

Susana Amaral, Paulo Branco, Filipe Romão, Maria Ferreira, António Pinheiro, José Santos. Evaluation of Low-Head Ramped Weirs for a Potamodromous Cyprinid: Effects of Substrate Addition and Discharge on Fish Passage Performance, Stress and Fatigue. Water. 2021; 13 (6):765.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Susana Amaral; Paulo Branco; Filipe Romão; Maria Ferreira; António Pinheiro; José Santos. 2021. "Evaluation of Low-Head Ramped Weirs for a Potamodromous Cyprinid: Effects of Substrate Addition and Discharge on Fish Passage Performance, Stress and Fatigue." Water 13, no. 6: 765.

Journal article
Published: 24 January 2021 in Water
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Pool-type fishways have been increasingly tested to improve fish passage performance and minimize migration delays. Designing cost-effective fishways is essential for a trade-off between water uses and successful longitudinal connectivity restoration. The multislot fishway (MSF) concept, which operates with 30–50% lower discharge than a vertical slot fishway (VSF), was recently developed. This study assessed and compared the entrance performance (entrance time; entry efficiency) and transit times of two cyprinids for VSFs and MSFs. Four configurations, with the same structural characteristics (slope; water depth; head drop; pool width and depth), operating with different discharges (Q), were tested (VSF 1: Q = 112 L·s−1; VSF 2: Q = 80 L·s−1; MSF 1: Q = 58 L·s−1; MSF 2: Q = 37 L·s−1). Hydrodynamics characterization was performed using a numerical model. Results showed that entry efficiency was higher in MSFs than in VSFs, while entrance time and transit time were overall lower. Numerical modelling revealed that velocities were around 30% lower in MSFs, and turbulence could reach a difference of around 70% in Reynolds shear stress and 50% in turbulent kinetic energy. Overall, MSFs can be considered as a cost-effective fishway solution that can balance the trade-offs between divergent interests in water uses.

ACS Style

Filipe Romão; Ana L. Quaresma; José M. Santos; Susana D. Amaral; Paulo Branco; António N. Pinheiro. Multislot Fishway Improves Entrance Performance and Fish Transit Time over Vertical Slots. Water 2021, 13, 275 .

AMA Style

Filipe Romão, Ana L. Quaresma, José M. Santos, Susana D. Amaral, Paulo Branco, António N. Pinheiro. Multislot Fishway Improves Entrance Performance and Fish Transit Time over Vertical Slots. Water. 2021; 13 (3):275.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Filipe Romão; Ana L. Quaresma; José M. Santos; Susana D. Amaral; Paulo Branco; António N. Pinheiro. 2021. "Multislot Fishway Improves Entrance Performance and Fish Transit Time over Vertical Slots." Water 13, no. 3: 275.

Journal article
Published: 21 November 2019 in Water
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The addition of substrates to small instream obstacles, like low-head ramped weirs, has been considered a useful management solution to retrofit those structures and enhance fish passage. Substrate dimensions and spatial arrangement, together with discharge, and consequently water depths, appear as important factors for the creation of hydrodynamic conditions that may facilitate the successful passage of fish, though related studies are scarce to support decision-making. This study assessed the influence of discharge (Q) and different retrofitting designs (RD) on the upstream passage performance of a potamodromous cyprinid, the Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei). Different substrates (small boulders, large boulders, cobbles) and spatial arrangements (aligned, offset) were tested. Numerical modelling was performed to characterize the hydrodynamics. Results indicate that Q and RD influenced the upstream negotiation of ramped weirs. Cobbles randomly distributed along the ramp (Nature design) was the most successful configuration, recording the highest number of upstream passages. Low velocities along the ramp, and low turbulence downstream, were registered in this configuration, indicating that the use of natural substrate may help to increase the permeability of ramped weirs to fish movements. The outcomes from this work can help engineers and biologists to design more appropriate passage structures for low-head instream obstacles.

ACS Style

Susana D. Amaral; Ana L. Quaresma; Paulo Branco; Filipe Romão; Christos Katopodis; Maria T. Ferreira; António N. Pinheiro; José M. Santos. Assessment of Retrofitted Ramped Weirs to Improve Passage of Potamodromous Fish. Water 2019, 11, 2441 .

AMA Style

Susana D. Amaral, Ana L. Quaresma, Paulo Branco, Filipe Romão, Christos Katopodis, Maria T. Ferreira, António N. Pinheiro, José M. Santos. Assessment of Retrofitted Ramped Weirs to Improve Passage of Potamodromous Fish. Water. 2019; 11 (12):2441.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Susana D. Amaral; Ana L. Quaresma; Paulo Branco; Filipe Romão; Christos Katopodis; Maria T. Ferreira; António N. Pinheiro; José M. Santos. 2019. "Assessment of Retrofitted Ramped Weirs to Improve Passage of Potamodromous Fish." Water 11, no. 12: 2441.

Journal article
Published: 09 March 2019 in Sustainability
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Low-head ramped weirs are a common instream obstacle to fish movements. Fish passability of these structures, where water passes over but does not generate a waterfall, is primarily related to ramp length and slope, but their relative contribution has seldom been considered. This study aims to assess the passage performance of a potamodromous cyprinid, the Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei), negotiating an experimental ramped weir with varying ramp length (L) and slope (S). Four configurations were tested, with a constant discharge of 110 L∙s−1. Results suggest that both factors influenced passage performance of fish. Attraction efficiency (AE) increased with increasing L and S, whereas the number of successes (N) and passage efficiency (PE) decreased upon increasing L. For S, it was found that both N and PE peaked at the intermediate level (20%). These results suggest that configurations with the lowest slopes may not necessarily be the best option because they may be less attractive for the fish and their demand for space is higher. Higher slopes (but not excessive) could be more attractive to fish, less space-demanding, and therefore, more cost-effective. Future studies should investigate how discharge and boulder placement influence fish passage across ramped weirs, to improve habitat connectivity.

ACS Style

Susana Amaral; Paulo Branco; Christos Katopodis; Maria Ferreira; António Pinheiro; José Santos. Passage Performance of Potamodromous Cyprinids over an Experimental Low-Head Ramped Weir: The Effect of Ramp Length and Slope. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1456 .

AMA Style

Susana Amaral, Paulo Branco, Christos Katopodis, Maria Ferreira, António Pinheiro, José Santos. Passage Performance of Potamodromous Cyprinids over an Experimental Low-Head Ramped Weir: The Effect of Ramp Length and Slope. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (5):1456.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Susana Amaral; Paulo Branco; Christos Katopodis; Maria Ferreira; António Pinheiro; José Santos. 2019. "Passage Performance of Potamodromous Cyprinids over an Experimental Low-Head Ramped Weir: The Effect of Ramp Length and Slope." Sustainability 11, no. 5: 1456.

Primary research paper
Published: 12 March 2018 in Hydrobiologia
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Developing and testing new fishway designs is important to improve these facilities. Discharge-efficient passage systems are required in Mediterranean regions and other areas with dry climates. The present study compares the passage performance of the Iberian barbel, Luciobarbus bocagei (Steindachner, 1864), a potamodromous cyprinid, negotiating two different types of vertical slot fishways (VSF): a standard VSF and a multi-slot VSF (MSF). Results show that differences exist between configurations in the number of fish movements through the first slot. The I. barbel performed a significantly higher number of movements in the MSF. However, no differences were found in the entrance time and entry efficiency. The performance was similar between configurations in terms of successes, suggesting that both fishways could be used to restore longitudinal connectivity. Nevertheless, the MSF is a more discharge-efficient configuration, since it requires 31% less water to operate for the same water depth in the pools. Consequently, the velocity and turbulence have lower magnitudes which generally favour the negotiation by smaller individuals. Since it is a more discharge-efficient and cost-efficient configuration, future studies should focus on the passage performance of smaller species to determine if MSF is a useful solution for the whole fish community.

ACS Style

Filipe Romão; Paulo Branco; Ana L. Quaresma; Susana D. Amaral; António N. Pinheiro. Effectiveness of a multi-slot vertical slot fishway versus a standard vertical slot fishway for potamodromous cyprinids. Hydrobiologia 2018, 816, 153 -163.

AMA Style

Filipe Romão, Paulo Branco, Ana L. Quaresma, Susana D. Amaral, António N. Pinheiro. Effectiveness of a multi-slot vertical slot fishway versus a standard vertical slot fishway for potamodromous cyprinids. Hydrobiologia. 2018; 816 (1):153-163.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Filipe Romão; Paulo Branco; Ana L. Quaresma; Susana D. Amaral; António N. Pinheiro. 2018. "Effectiveness of a multi-slot vertical slot fishway versus a standard vertical slot fishway for potamodromous cyprinids." Hydrobiologia 816, no. 1: 153-163.

Research article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Marine and Freshwater Research
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Contrary to the vast literature on dams, much less is known about the effects of small weirs on fish movements. This study aims to evaluate the upstream and downstream passage of the Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei), when facing a small broad-crested experimental weir with varying widths of the weir crest (W) and discharges (Q). Nine configurations (W×Q) were tested. Fish were released downstream of the weir and upstream and downstream passages were monitored. Hydrodynamics were characterised with a flow probe and a three-dimensional acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV). Fish negotiated all configurations, registering a total of 273 upstream passages and 192 downstream passages. The number of fish that approached, attempted and successfully ascended and descended the weir varied among configurations, emphasising the complex influence of factors on passage performance. Discharge was preponderant on both passages, proving that fish movements may be hampered by increasing discharges. However, the width of the weir crest only significantly influenced downstream passages, showing that strong velocity gradients experienced on narrower widths of the weir crest may discourage downstream movements. Results from the present study are expected to be useful to identify potential migration obstacles and may be applicable to other cyprinid species.

ACS Style

Susana D. Amaral; Paulo Branco; Filipe Romão; Teresa Viseu; Maria T. Ferreira; António N. Pinheiro; José M. Santos. The effect of weir crest width and discharge on passage performance of a potamodromous cyprinid. Marine and Freshwater Research 2018, 69, 1795 .

AMA Style

Susana D. Amaral, Paulo Branco, Filipe Romão, Teresa Viseu, Maria T. Ferreira, António N. Pinheiro, José M. Santos. The effect of weir crest width and discharge on passage performance of a potamodromous cyprinid. Marine and Freshwater Research. 2018; 69 (12):1795.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Susana D. Amaral; Paulo Branco; Filipe Romão; Teresa Viseu; Maria T. Ferreira; António N. Pinheiro; José M. Santos. 2018. "The effect of weir crest width and discharge on passage performance of a potamodromous cyprinid." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 12: 1795.

Article
Published: 17 November 2017 in River Research and Applications
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Physical stressors, such as man-made obstacles, are considered one of the main causes that negatively affect freshwater fish. Even small weirs may impact fish populations, including potamodromous cyprinids, by partially or totally blocking upstream migratory movements. Some studies have addressed the effect of key hydraulic parameters on upstream movements past small weirs, but little is known on how these parameters interact to induce swimming or jumping behaviour in negotiating such obstacles. This study aims to evaluate the passage behaviour (swimming vs. jumping) of Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei), a potamodromous species, over an experimental small broad-crested weir, considering the effect of different plunge pool depths (D), waterfall heights (H), and weir discharges (Q). Results revealed that passage behaviour was highly dependent on combinations of plunge pool depths and waterfall heights. Barbel navigated most configurations by swimming (overall outcomes: 81.5% swimming vs. 18.5% jumping), except the ones with the higher waterfall heights (25 cm) tested. Therefore, higher waterfalls proved to be preponderant in the switching of passage behaviour from swimming to jumping. Regarding the discharge over the 1-m-wide weir (overall outcomes: 85% swimming vs. 15% jumping), contrary to what was expected, there was no evidence that passage behaviour was discharge-related, for the range of discharges tested (25–100 L/s). These results are useful to identify potential migration obstacles and should be taken into consideration in river restoration projects and when designing fishways for potamodromous cyprinids.

ACS Style

S.D. Amaral; P. Branco; C. Katopodis; M.T. Ferreira; A.N. Pinheiro; J.M. Santos. To swim or to jump? Passage behaviour of a potamodromous cyprinid over an experimental broad-crested weir. River Research and Applications 2017, 34, 174 -182.

AMA Style

S.D. Amaral, P. Branco, C. Katopodis, M.T. Ferreira, A.N. Pinheiro, J.M. Santos. To swim or to jump? Passage behaviour of a potamodromous cyprinid over an experimental broad-crested weir. River Research and Applications. 2017; 34 (2):174-182.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S.D. Amaral; P. Branco; C. Katopodis; M.T. Ferreira; A.N. Pinheiro; J.M. Santos. 2017. "To swim or to jump? Passage behaviour of a potamodromous cyprinid over an experimental broad-crested weir." River Research and Applications 34, no. 2: 174-182.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2017 in Ecological Engineering
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ACS Style

Filipe Romão; Ana L. Quaresma; Paulo Branco; José Maria Santos; Susana Amaral; Maria Teresa Ferreira; Christos Katopodis; António N. Pinheiro. Passage performance of two cyprinids with different ecological traits in a fishway with distinct vertical slot configurations. Ecological Engineering 2017, 105, 180 -188.

AMA Style

Filipe Romão, Ana L. Quaresma, Paulo Branco, José Maria Santos, Susana Amaral, Maria Teresa Ferreira, Christos Katopodis, António N. Pinheiro. Passage performance of two cyprinids with different ecological traits in a fishway with distinct vertical slot configurations. Ecological Engineering. 2017; 105 ():180-188.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Filipe Romão; Ana L. Quaresma; Paulo Branco; José Maria Santos; Susana Amaral; Maria Teresa Ferreira; Christos Katopodis; António N. Pinheiro. 2017. "Passage performance of two cyprinids with different ecological traits in a fishway with distinct vertical slot configurations." Ecological Engineering 105, no. : 180-188.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2017 in Science of The Total Environment
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River fragmentation due to artificial barriers directly impacts fish communities by limiting migratory movements. This work aims to understand how small barriers affect the movements of a potamodromous cyprinid species - the Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei (Steindachner, 1864)) - in a 5.6km upstream segment of a stream impacted only by the presence of physical barriers. Fish were marked with Visible Implant Elastomer tags (VIE), and barriers were seasonally characterized. A total of 683 fish were tagged, with 104 recaptures, during five sampling seasons (spring 2012 - early summer 2013). Eleven of the recaptured fish moved past a barrier, without any preference in terms of direction of movement. There were no differences in length, either between migrants and residents, or between upstream and downstream migrants. The results show that although barbel are able to negotiate small barriers, part of the population did not move between fragmented reaches - an indication that under such conditions, fish species populations may adjust their life-history strategy to augment residency as it was hypothesized from the results.

ACS Style

Paulo Branco; Susana D. Amaral; Teresa Ferreira; José Maria Santos. Do small barriers affect the movement of freshwater fish by increasing residency? Science of The Total Environment 2017, 581-582, 486 -494.

AMA Style

Paulo Branco, Susana D. Amaral, Teresa Ferreira, José Maria Santos. Do small barriers affect the movement of freshwater fish by increasing residency? Science of The Total Environment. 2017; 581-582 ():486-494.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paulo Branco; Susana D. Amaral; Teresa Ferreira; José Maria Santos. 2017. "Do small barriers affect the movement of freshwater fish by increasing residency?" Science of The Total Environment 581-582, no. : 486-494.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2016 in Science of The Total Environment
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Rivers are impacted by multiple stressors that can interact to create synergistic, additive or antagonistic effects, but experimental studies on fish encompassing more than one stressor are seldom found. Thus, there is the need to study stressors through multifactorial approaches that analyse the impact of fish exposure to multiple stressors and evaluate fish sensitivity to stressor combinations. Some of the most common impacts to Mediterranean rivers are of two natures: i) water abstraction and ii) diffuse pollution. Therefore, the present study aims at studying the responses of potamodromous fish facing combinations of: 1) a primary stressor (two levels of connectivity reduction due to water scarcity), and 2) a secondary stressor (three levels of oxygen depletion due to increase organic load - of anthropogenic nature). Schools of five wild fish from a cyprinid species (Luciobarbus bocagei) were placed in a flume, equipped with see-through sidewalls to allow for behavioural analysis, and subjected to different combinations of the stressors. Results show that at the unconnected level the primary stressor (lack of connectivity) overrode the effect of the secondary stressor (oxygen depletion), but when connectivity existed oxygen depletion caused a reduction of fish movements with decreasing oxygen concentrations. This multifactorial study contributes to improved prediction of fish responses upon actual or projected pressure scenarios.

ACS Style

Paulo Branco; José Maria Santos; Susana Amaral; Filipe Romão; António N. Pinheiro; Maria T. Ferreira. Potamodromous fish movements under multiple stressors: Connectivity reduction and oxygen depletion. Science of The Total Environment 2016, 572, 520 -525.

AMA Style

Paulo Branco, José Maria Santos, Susana Amaral, Filipe Romão, António N. Pinheiro, Maria T. Ferreira. Potamodromous fish movements under multiple stressors: Connectivity reduction and oxygen depletion. Science of The Total Environment. 2016; 572 ():520-525.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paulo Branco; José Maria Santos; Susana Amaral; Filipe Romão; António N. Pinheiro; Maria T. Ferreira. 2016. "Potamodromous fish movements under multiple stressors: Connectivity reduction and oxygen depletion." Science of The Total Environment 572, no. : 520-525.

Articles
Published: 02 July 2016 in Journal of Ecohydraulics
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The presence of small weirs, far more numerous than dams, has increased habitat fragmentation on rivers worldwide. This study aims to evaluate the upstream passage performance of a potamodromous cyprinid, the Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei), over an experimental broad-crested weir by varying key-hydraulic parameters. Fish passage success was studied for different combinations of waterfall height (Δh), plunge pool depth (D) and flow discharge (Q). The flow pattern downstream of the weir was characterized with a 3D Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter, to assess the effects of hydrodynamics on fish behaviour. D, Δh, and their interaction D × Δh as well as Q were correlated with the number of successful upstream fish passes. However, counter-intuitively, higher fish passage success did not occur at combinations of lower Δh and Q, and higher D. Therefore, upstream fish passage appears to be a complex phenomenon, which is strongly dependent on the hydraulic environment that is produced by the interaction of these parameters. The outcomes of this work will help engineers and biologists to establish design criteria for requalification of small barriers in order to improve fish passage and habitat connectivity.

ACS Style

Susana Dias Amaral; Paulo Branco; Ana Teixeira Da Silva; Christos Katopodis; Teresa Viseu; Maria Teresa Ferreira; António Pinheiro; José Maria Santos. Upstream passage of potamodromous cyprinids over small weirs: the influence of key-hydraulic parameters. Journal of Ecohydraulics 2016, 1, 79 -89.

AMA Style

Susana Dias Amaral, Paulo Branco, Ana Teixeira Da Silva, Christos Katopodis, Teresa Viseu, Maria Teresa Ferreira, António Pinheiro, José Maria Santos. Upstream passage of potamodromous cyprinids over small weirs: the influence of key-hydraulic parameters. Journal of Ecohydraulics. 2016; 1 (1-2):79-89.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Susana Dias Amaral; Paulo Branco; Ana Teixeira Da Silva; Christos Katopodis; Teresa Viseu; Maria Teresa Ferreira; António Pinheiro; José Maria Santos. 2016. "Upstream passage of potamodromous cyprinids over small weirs: the influence of key-hydraulic parameters." Journal of Ecohydraulics 1, no. 1-2: 79-89.

Journal article
Published: 05 June 2015 in Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems
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Angling competitions are a popular leisure activity in reservoirs of Southern Portugal. These competitions can gather more than 100 anglers aiming to catch the maximum fish weight. Groundbaiting and catch-and-release angling are two common practices for anglers in competition. In this study, the loads of nutrients from commercial groundbait powders used in angling competitions in the Maranhão reservoir and the possible balance out of those nutrients through a moderate biomanipulation of the fish biomass caught in competitions were analysed. In order to achieve this aim, chemical analyses to groundbait powders most purchased by Portuguese anglers and to fish species most captured in competitions were made. Mass balances on inputs and outputs of nutrients considering some biomanipulation scenarios were evaluated. Results demonstrated that an effective management on angling competitions implementing a moderate biomanipulation of fish in reservoirs could promote the control of fish fauna and eutrophication, balancing out nutrients from angling. Les compétitions de pêche sont une activité de loisir populaire dans les réservoirs du sud du Portugal. Ces compétitions peuvent rassembler plus de 100 pêcheurs visant à attraper le poids maximum de poissons. L’amorçage et la pêche avec capture puis relâché sont deux pratiques communes pour les pêcheurs en compétition. Dans cette étude, les charges de nutriments à partir des poudres d’amorce commerciales utilisées dans ces compétitions de pêche dans le réservoir Maranhão et le solde possible de ces nutriments lors d’une biomanipulation modérée de la biomasse de poissons capturés dans les compétitions ont été analysés. Afin d’atteindre cet objectif, les analyses chimiques des poudres d’amorçage les plus achetées par les pêcheurs portugais destinées à pêcher les espèces les plus capturées dans les compétitions ont été faites. Les bilans massiques sur les entrées et sorties de nutriments suivant certains scénarios de biomanipulation ont été évalués. Les résultats ont démontré qu’une gestion efficace des compétitions de pêche mettant en œuvre une biomanipulation modérée de poisson dans les réservoirs pourrait favoriser le contrôle de la faune piscicole et l’eutrophisation en équilibrant les apports nutritifs de la pêche.

ACS Style

S.D. Amaral; A. Franco; Teresa Ferreira. Moderate biomanipulation for eutrophication control in reservoirs using fish captured in angling competitions. Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems 2015, 14 .

AMA Style

S.D. Amaral, A. Franco, Teresa Ferreira. Moderate biomanipulation for eutrophication control in reservoirs using fish captured in angling competitions. Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems. 2015; (416):14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S.D. Amaral; A. Franco; Teresa Ferreira. 2015. "Moderate biomanipulation for eutrophication control in reservoirs using fish captured in angling competitions." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems , no. 416: 14.

Original articles
Published: 25 October 2013 in Lake and Reservoir Management
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Inland recreational fishing is a popular leisure activity in Portugal, which has close to 219,000 anglers. This study aimed to determine if the groundbait used to attract fish to the area in angling competitions contributes to eutrophication of reservoirs. We conducted a quantitative and qualitative assessment of commercial groundbait to examine the relationship between eutrophication and groundbaiting in angling competitions performed in Maranhão Reservoir, one of the most important southern Portugal angling reservoirs. Simulations using the CE-QUAL-W2 model were performed from January 2001 to February 2007 considering the number of anglers present in angling competitions and the chemical characteristics of commercial groundbait. The results indicated that the use of 5–10 kg of groundbait per angler (3–20 tons of groundbait per year) did not alter the ecological functioning of Maranhão Reservoir; however, higher angling pressures may lead to a significant increase in nutrient concentrations and consequent increases in primary production in the waterbody. Based on these concerns, we combined modeling with simulations to evaluate the environmental effects of groundbaiting in recreational angling and its relation to reservoir eutrophication. This study represents a contribution to more practical and holistic management of recreational fisheries.

ACS Style

Susana D. Amaral; David Brito; M. Teresa Ferreira; Ramiro Neves; Adolfo Franco. Modeling water quality in reservoirs used for angling competition: Can groundbait contribute to eutrophication? Lake and Reservoir Management 2013, 29, 257 -269.

AMA Style

Susana D. Amaral, David Brito, M. Teresa Ferreira, Ramiro Neves, Adolfo Franco. Modeling water quality in reservoirs used for angling competition: Can groundbait contribute to eutrophication? Lake and Reservoir Management. 2013; 29 (4):257-269.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Susana D. Amaral; David Brito; M. Teresa Ferreira; Ramiro Neves; Adolfo Franco. 2013. "Modeling water quality in reservoirs used for angling competition: Can groundbait contribute to eutrophication?" Lake and Reservoir Management 29, no. 4: 257-269.