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Nepal houses many traditional and cultural sites rich in historical cultural diversity. These sites are also economically important to the nation. These monuments show the culture and the living beliefs of the communities; hence, people from all over the world are attracted to such place to observe the beauty and to feel the spirit and the conservational perspectives behind these articulated edifices. In today’s context, artificial light is a basic necessity for human activities and has been used in various applications: one such application being night-time illumination of historical sites and monuments. Most of the historic monuments in Nepal were constructed during the 15th to 18th century and are designed to incorporate oil-based wick lamp as the light source. Recently with the availability of modern luminaires and lack of technical expertise and scientific approach, most of the historic sites are being filled up with uneven, exaggerated, and inappropriate illumination. This inappropriate illumination practice may lead to negative consequences that may create disturbance to human and the surrounding environment. Scope of this paper is to identify the special needs for illuminating cultural and heritage sites with Pagoda-style architecture and introduce a methodology for a case study in Nepal. As a first step, this paper analyzes lighting malpractices in the temples of Nepal at different geographical locations and cultural values. As a next step, a prototype LED luminaire that enhances the unique type of architecture of Nepalese heritage sites was built, installed, and demonstrated in one of the temples. The work presents the design process of the lighting system and the results of a new lighting installation. The study also discusses possible problems that may arise while designing lighting for cultural and heritage site and provides recommendations on considerations to be taken during the design.
Diwakar Bista; Aayush Bista; Ashish Shrestha; Lambros Doulos; Pramod Bhusal; Georges Zissis; Frangiskos Topalis; Bhupendra Chhetri. Lighting for Cultural and Heritage Site: An Innovative Approach for Lighting in the Distinct Pagoda-Style Architecture of Nepal. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2720 .
AMA StyleDiwakar Bista, Aayush Bista, Ashish Shrestha, Lambros Doulos, Pramod Bhusal, Georges Zissis, Frangiskos Topalis, Bhupendra Chhetri. Lighting for Cultural and Heritage Site: An Innovative Approach for Lighting in the Distinct Pagoda-Style Architecture of Nepal. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2720.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiwakar Bista; Aayush Bista; Ashish Shrestha; Lambros Doulos; Pramod Bhusal; Georges Zissis; Frangiskos Topalis; Bhupendra Chhetri. 2021. "Lighting for Cultural and Heritage Site: An Innovative Approach for Lighting in the Distinct Pagoda-Style Architecture of Nepal." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2720.
Daylight utilization significantly contributes to energy savings in office buildings. However, daylight integration requires careful design so as to include variations in daylight availability and maintain a balance between factors such as lighting quality and heat gain or loss. Designers with proper planning can not only improve the visual environment and create higher-quality spaces, but simultaneously minimize energy costs for buildings. The utilization of photosensors can exploit the benefits of daylighting by dimming the lighting system, so that no excessive luminous flux is produced, thus leading to energy savings as well as visual contentment. However, the human factor is crucial for the proper function of a lighting control system. Without its acceptance from the users, energy savings can be minimized or even negligible. The objective of this paper is to present a post-occupancy evaluation regarding occupant satisfaction and acceptance in relation to daylighting in offices equipped with automated daylight controls. In addition, the response of the users was compared with lighting measurements that were performed during the post-occupancy evaluation. Three case studies of office buildings with installed daylight-harvesting systems were examined. The age of the occupants was a crucial factor concerning their satisfaction in relation to the lighting levels. Aged users were more comfortable with lighting levels over 500lx, while young users were satisfied with 300lx. The impact of different control algorithms was outlined, with the integral reset algorithm performing poorly. The acceptance of the users for the closed loop systems maintained the expected energy savings of the daylight harvesting technique. Most of the occupants preferred to use daylight as a light source combined with artificial light but having the control to either override or switch it on and off at will. The results shown that a post-occupancy survey along with lighting measurements are significant for making an office environment a humancentric one.
Lambros T. Doulos; Aris Tsangrassoulis; Evangelos-Nikolaos Madias; Spyros Niavis; Antonios Kontadakis; Panagiotis A. Kontaxis; Vassiliki T. Kontargyri; Katerina Skalkou; Frangiskos Topalis; Evangelos Manolis; Maro Sinou; Stelios Zerefos. Examining the Impact of Daylighting and the Corresponding Lighting Controls to the Users of Office Buildings. Energies 2020, 13, 4024 .
AMA StyleLambros T. Doulos, Aris Tsangrassoulis, Evangelos-Nikolaos Madias, Spyros Niavis, Antonios Kontadakis, Panagiotis A. Kontaxis, Vassiliki T. Kontargyri, Katerina Skalkou, Frangiskos Topalis, Evangelos Manolis, Maro Sinou, Stelios Zerefos. Examining the Impact of Daylighting and the Corresponding Lighting Controls to the Users of Office Buildings. Energies. 2020; 13 (15):4024.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLambros T. Doulos; Aris Tsangrassoulis; Evangelos-Nikolaos Madias; Spyros Niavis; Antonios Kontadakis; Panagiotis A. Kontaxis; Vassiliki T. Kontargyri; Katerina Skalkou; Frangiskos Topalis; Evangelos Manolis; Maro Sinou; Stelios Zerefos. 2020. "Examining the Impact of Daylighting and the Corresponding Lighting Controls to the Users of Office Buildings." Energies 13, no. 15: 4024.
Although with the advent of the LEDs the energy consumption in buildings can be reduced by 50%, there exists a potential for energy savings due to lighting controls. Moreover, lighting controls can ensure that the near zero energy requirements by EU can be achieved for near zero energy buildings (nZEBs). For this reason, more sophisticated lighting controls must be proposed in order to take full advantage of LEDs and their flexibility concerning dimming. This paper proposes the architecture of an embedded computer camera controller for monitoring and management of image data, which is applied in various control cases, and particularly in digitally controlled lighting devices. The proposed system deals with real-time monitoring and management of a GigE camera input. An in-house developed algorithm using MATLAB enables the identification of areas in luminance values. The embedded microcontroller is part of a complete lighting control system with an imaging sensor in order to measure and control the illumination of several working areas of a room. The power consumption of the proposed lighting system was measured and was compared with the power consumption of a typical photosensor. The functional performance and operation of the proposed camera control system architecture was evaluated based upon a BeagleBone Black microcontroller board.
George K. Adam; Panagiotis A. Kontaxis; Lambros T. Doulos; Evangelos-Nikolaos D. Madias; Constantinos A. Bouroussis; Frangiskos V. Topalis. Embedded Microcontroller with a CCD Camera as a Digital Lighting Control System. Electronics 2019, 8, 33 .
AMA StyleGeorge K. Adam, Panagiotis A. Kontaxis, Lambros T. Doulos, Evangelos-Nikolaos D. Madias, Constantinos A. Bouroussis, Frangiskos V. Topalis. Embedded Microcontroller with a CCD Camera as a Digital Lighting Control System. Electronics. 2019; 8 (1):33.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeorge K. Adam; Panagiotis A. Kontaxis; Lambros T. Doulos; Evangelos-Nikolaos D. Madias; Constantinos A. Bouroussis; Frangiskos V. Topalis. 2019. "Embedded Microcontroller with a CCD Camera as a Digital Lighting Control System." Electronics 8, no. 1: 33.
Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is associated with crucial social, economic, cultural and technical issues. A highly specialized OHS sector deals with the photobiological hazards from artificial optical radiation (AOR), which is divided into visible light, UV and IR emitted during various activities and which is legally covered by European Directive 2006/25/EC. Among the enormous amount of sources emitting AOR, the most important non-coherent ones to consider for health effects to the whole optical range, are arcs created during metal welding. This survey presents the effort to assess the complicated exposure limits of the Directive in the controlled environment of a welding laboratory. Sensors covering the UV and blue light range were set to measure typical welding procedures reproduced in the laboratory. Initial results, apart from apparently justifying the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) due to even subsecond overexposures measured, also set the basis to evaluate PPE's properties and support an integrated risk assessment of the complex welding environment. These results can also improve workers' and employer's information and training about radiation hazards, which is a crucial OHS demand.
G.A. Gourzoulidis; A. Achtipis; F.V. Topalis; M.E. Kazasidis; D. Pantelis; A. Markoulis; C. Kappas; C.A. Bourousis. Artificial Optical Radiation photobiological hazards in arc welding. Physica Medica 2016, 32, 981 -986.
AMA StyleG.A. Gourzoulidis, A. Achtipis, F.V. Topalis, M.E. Kazasidis, D. Pantelis, A. Markoulis, C. Kappas, C.A. Bourousis. Artificial Optical Radiation photobiological hazards in arc welding. Physica Medica. 2016; 32 (8):981-986.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG.A. Gourzoulidis; A. Achtipis; F.V. Topalis; M.E. Kazasidis; D. Pantelis; A. Markoulis; C. Kappas; C.A. Bourousis. 2016. "Artificial Optical Radiation photobiological hazards in arc welding." Physica Medica 32, no. 8: 981-986.