Background and Objectives: This study estimates the prevalence and severity of erectile dysfunction and its association with cardiovascular risk factors in patients after a myocardial infarction. Materials and Methods: This study included men aged 35–80 years, diagnosed with myocardial infarction and examined in the Department of Preventive Cardiology of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos between 2016 and 2020. Anthropometric characteristics, blood pressure, lipid profile, blood glucose levels and prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated. The International Index of Erectile Function-5 was used to assess patients’ erectile function. Results: A total of 171 patients were analysed. The mean age was 57.6 ± 8.8 years. Of the patients, 42.1, 25.1 and 11.7% had three, four and five established cardiovascular risk factors, respectively. Of the patients, 100% were diagnosed with dyslipidaemia, 90.0%—arterial hypertension, 14.6%—diabetes, 23.3%—smoking, 43.7%—positive familial history and 54.5%—insufficient physical activity. The overall prevalence of erectile dysfunction was 62%. It was scored mild in 37.4%, mild-to-moderate—15.2%, moderate—5.3% and severe in 4.1% of the patients. The mean age was significantly different between severity groups (p < 0.001). The study demonstrated a negative correlation between age and total score of the questionnaire (r = −0.308, p < 0.001). Arterial hypertension was more frequent in the patients with erectile dysfunction (p = 0.02). Other cardiovascular risk factors were distributed similarly. Conclusions: Erectile dysfunction is common in patients after a myocardial infarction and its severity is age dependent. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is high, with arterial hypertension significantly more frequent in patients with erectile dysfunction.

Dyslipidemia is highly prevalent and is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Lithuania. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of severe dyslipidemia in Lithuanian middle aged primary prevention population and to investigate cardiovascular risk profile. The group of 83,376 people were examined in the Lithuanian High Cardiovascular Risk primary prevention program (LitHiR), during 2009–2015 years. This study recruited middle aged men and women without overt cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was compared between severe dyslipidemia group and control group. Severe dyslipidemia was present in 13.5% (11265) of the subjects; 66.6% (7508) were females. The subjects with severe dyslipidemia had significantly higher rates of arterial hypertension (63.5% vs. 44.2%, p < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (16% vs. 8.1%, p < 0,001), abdominal obesity (51% vs. 30.3%, p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) > 30 (kg/m2) (38.8% vs. 24.1%, p < 0.001), metabolic syndrome (47.2% vs. 9.2%, p < 0.001), unbalanced diet (66.5% vs. 53.5%, p < 0.001), insufficient physical activity (56% vs. 44.2%, p < 0.001), family history of cardiovascular disease (29.7% vs. 22.7%, p < 0.001) in comparison with control group. Subjects without dyslipidemia had significantly higher rates of smoking (26.4% vs. 22.7%, p < 0.001). The prevalence of familial hypercholesterolemia was 0.1%, very high hypertriglyceridemia - 0.2% and familial mixed dyslipidemia - 0.1% of the subjects examined in the LitHiR programme. High prevalence of dyslipidemia remains a major problem in Lithuania. 9 out of 10 people have dyslipidemia, 1 out of 10 - severe dyslipidemia. Severe dyslipidemia is associated with higher frequency of other cardiovascular risk factors.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its relation to other cardiovascular risk factors in Lithuania. Design & methods: The Lithuanian High Cardiovascular Risk Primary Prevention program recruited men and women without overt cardiovascular disease. This report describes the group of 23,204 subjects. Results: Dyslipidemia was diagnosed in 89.7% of subjects. All the main cardiovascular risk factors except for smoking were present more often among patients with dyslipidemia. The average number of risk factors (arterial hypertension, abdominal obesity, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, smoking, insufficient physical activity, unbalanced diet and family history of CVD) in subjects with dyslipidemia was 3.09 (compared with 2.42 in subjects without it). Conclusion: Dyslipidemia is a most frequent risk factor among middle-aged Lithuanian subjects without cardiovascular disease and has been diagnosed in nine out of ten subjects.

Extensive clinical and statistical studies have identified risk factors that increase the incidence of coronary heart disease. It is commonly suggested that more than 50% of patients with coronary heart disease lack any of the conventional risk factors.
Objective. To determine the prevalence of four conventional risk factors among patients with coronary heart disease.
Material and methods. We analyzed data of 606 patients with coronary heart disease (myocardial infarction, unstable and stable angina pectoris) hospitalized in the Clinics of Santariškės, Vilnius University Hospital, in 1997–2005. Results. Among patients with coronary heart disease, at least one of four conventional risk factors was present in 98% of patients. Hypertension was present in 47.7% of patients, diabetes – in 12.9%, dyslipidemia – 90.1%, and smoking – in 24.1% of patients. In younger patients (<55 years), only 2.3% of patients lacked any of four conventional risk factors. Two-thirds (66.5%) of younger patients with coronary heart disease had two and more risk factors.
Conclusions. Considering the fact that patients with coronary heart disease often lack conventional risk factors, currently more attention is given to nontraditional risk factors as well as genetic causes of coronary heart disease. Nevertheless, the present study revealed that 98% of patients with coronary heart disease had at least one of four conventional risk factors. Among younger patients (younger than 55 years), conventional risk factors are identified very frequently. Thus, it can be concluded that in order to reduce the epidemic of coronary heart disease, much greater emphasis should be given to identify and to improve prevention of four conventional risk factors as well as the lifestyle of the patient.