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Hua Li
School of Economics and Management, Xidian University, Xi’an 710126, China

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Journal article
Published: 22 July 2021 in Sustainability
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Higher education institutions (HEIs) are the key to the economic and social development of a country. However, the recent advancements of higher education institutions’ universities in China have become a pivotal factor contributing to their swift growth. Considering the impact of the external environment, applying a three-stage data-envelopment analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist index method, we evaluated the static and dynamic efficiency of input–output data of scientific research produced by universities directly under the Ministry of Education in the period of 2010 to 2017. Results showed that the three stage DEA model is more accurate than the traditional DEA method for measuring the efficiency of scientific research input and universities’ output. The overall efficiency of universities’ scientific research activities increased at an average annual rate of 3.7% from 2010 to 2017. Further analysis showed that the optimization of the scale was the primary internal factor able to promote the efficiency of scientific research in universities. Technological progress slightly diminishes the efficiency of scientific research in universities, which should, therefore, take measures to improve pure technical efficiency to enlarge the scale of their scientific research according to the characteristics of scientific research efficiency. Such steps will strengthen internal motivation towards scientific research efficiency in universities.

ACS Style

Wuzhao Xue; Hua Li; Rizwan Ali; Ramiz Rehman; Gonzalo Fernández-Sánchez. Assessing the Static and Dynamic Efficiency of Scientific Research of HEIs China: Three Stage DEA–Malmquist Index Approach. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8207 .

AMA Style

Wuzhao Xue, Hua Li, Rizwan Ali, Ramiz Rehman, Gonzalo Fernández-Sánchez. Assessing the Static and Dynamic Efficiency of Scientific Research of HEIs China: Three Stage DEA–Malmquist Index Approach. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8207.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wuzhao Xue; Hua Li; Rizwan Ali; Ramiz Rehman; Gonzalo Fernández-Sánchez. 2021. "Assessing the Static and Dynamic Efficiency of Scientific Research of HEIs China: Three Stage DEA–Malmquist Index Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8207.

Journal article
Published: 09 July 2021 in Technology Analysis & Strategic Management
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Different types of government subsidies are used to promote green technology innovation in many countries. Driven by government subsidies and consumer green preference, it’s common for manufacturers (the marketer) to cooperate with research institutes (the innovator) in green technology research and development (R&D). Managing R&D collaboration under different government subsidies is a challenge for the marketer. Meanwhile, how can the government design the subsidy policies to achieve a better effect is also vital. Thus, a two-level three-player game is proposed. The upper layer is the government's decision on R&D subsidy or per-unit production subsidy, and the lower layer is a principal-agent model composed of a marketer and an innovator, who cooperate simply or deeply with a contract with or without milestone payment. We find that: (a) It is always advantageous for the marketer to offer a milestone payment after successful R&D; (b) Deep R&D cooperation is more profitable for the marketer; (c) R&D subsidy is better at stimulating the environmental performance of green technology cooperation.

ACS Style

Aiping Wu; Hua Li. The impact of government subsidies on contract design of green technology R&D cooperation. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management 2021, 1 -17.

AMA Style

Aiping Wu, Hua Li. The impact of government subsidies on contract design of green technology R&D cooperation. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management. 2021; ():1-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aiping Wu; Hua Li. 2021. "The impact of government subsidies on contract design of green technology R&D cooperation." Technology Analysis & Strategic Management , no. : 1-17.

Research article
Published: 18 June 2021 in Managerial and Decision Economics
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The study examines the role of a CEO in enhancing a firm's performance through the mediating effect of investment decisions in the emerging economy of Pakistan. Distinctly, fixed-effects panel regression method is employed to examine the said nexus of nonfinancial firms listed at the Pakistan Stock Exchange. It is empirically unearthed that CEO attributes, namely, age, tenure, ownership, financial education, and career experience, are positively related to firm performance in general and capital investment decisions in particular. Second, capital investment decisions partially and significantly mediate the nexus between CEO attributes and firm performance with few exceptions that confirm the theoretical implications of upper echelons theory in an emerging economy context.

ACS Style

Rizwan Ali; Ramiz Ur Rehman; Sana Suleman; Collins Gyakari Ntim. CEO attributes, investment decisions, and firm performance: New insights from upper echelons theory. Managerial and Decision Economics 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Rizwan Ali, Ramiz Ur Rehman, Sana Suleman, Collins Gyakari Ntim. CEO attributes, investment decisions, and firm performance: New insights from upper echelons theory. Managerial and Decision Economics. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rizwan Ali; Ramiz Ur Rehman; Sana Suleman; Collins Gyakari Ntim. 2021. "CEO attributes, investment decisions, and firm performance: New insights from upper echelons theory." Managerial and Decision Economics , no. : 1.

Original research article
Published: 26 April 2021 in Frontiers in Environmental Science
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As an important platform for participating in international competition and cooperation, supporting economic growth and promoting coordinated regional development, urban agglomeration plays an important role in China’s economic, social and urbanization development. At this time, the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration (GZPUA), as the second largest urban agglomeration in western China, has a moderate population density. The high demand and high input of resources for population growth make the regional ecological destruction and environmental pollution more prominent. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the coordinated development of urbanization and ecological environment in GZPUA. By using the panel data of the GZPUA of China between 2008 and 2017, this study constructed evaluation index system of new-type urbanization and ecological environment quality and calculated the weights of the indices within the evaluation system via the improved entropy weight method, finally determined the new-type urbanization and ecological environment quality of each city. Then the coupling coordination degree model was used to analyze the coupling coordination relationship between two systems of GZPUA and their coupling stages and levels. In addition, the driving mechanism of their coordination degree was explored by using geographic detector method. The results show that: 1) The GZPUA new-type urbanization quality is characterized by both slow growth except Xi’an by a rapid increase. The ecological environment quality is characterized by both slow growth and fluctuations, except Qingyang by a decrease. There are spatial differences between the quality of new-type urbanization and the quality of ecological environment. 2) The 11 cities can be divided into high-high type (Xi’an), high-low type (Xianyang, Yuncheng, Linfen), low-low type (Pingliang, Weinan), and low-high type (Shangluo, Tianshui, Qingyang), different types should take different development paths. 3) The coordination degree between urbanization and ecological environment quality in GZPUA showed an upward trend, and formed a spatial distribution pattern with Xi’an as the core and decreasing to the outer circle cities, with regional differences. 4) The coordinated development of new-type urbanization and ecological environment is a process in which various driving factors act on different driving forces. These driving forces can be summarized as market driving force, endogenous driving force, outward driving force and administrative driving force. Based on the current situation of coordinated development of new-type urbanization and ecological environment in the GZPUA, it is recommended to promote the coordinated development of urbanization and ecological environment according to local conditions, strengthen the urbanization market mechanism, and optimize the industrial layout. Further, guide the flow of various factors across regions, strengthen technological innovation on the basis of breaking regional divisions, narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, establish the concept of coordinated development, and give play to the government’s “visible hand” role.

ACS Style

Liyuan Dong; Juan Shang; Rizwan Ali; Ramiz U Rehman. The Coupling Coordinated Relationship Between New-type Urbanization, Eco-Environment and its Driving Mechanism: A Case of Guanzhong, China. Frontiers in Environmental Science 2021, 9, 1 .

AMA Style

Liyuan Dong, Juan Shang, Rizwan Ali, Ramiz U Rehman. The Coupling Coordinated Relationship Between New-type Urbanization, Eco-Environment and its Driving Mechanism: A Case of Guanzhong, China. Frontiers in Environmental Science. 2021; 9 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liyuan Dong; Juan Shang; Rizwan Ali; Ramiz U Rehman. 2021. "The Coupling Coordinated Relationship Between New-type Urbanization, Eco-Environment and its Driving Mechanism: A Case of Guanzhong, China." Frontiers in Environmental Science 9, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 12 January 2021 in Sustainability
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This study investigates the integration of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) equity indices with conventional indices in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) individually and across all BRICS countries to better understand regional economic cooperation. Accordingly, we look at daily returns from 13 July 2013 to 28 February 2018 for the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) ESG indices and MSCI composite indices of the respective countries. To analyze the integration between the ESG equity indices of the sampled countries with their regional and across regional conventional counterparts, the Johansen Co-integration test is employed in this study. Further, the vector error correction model (VECM) is applied to test the causality between the sampled time-series. The impulse response function analysis further explains the impulse responses of each country’s MSCI ESG returns to one standard deviation of innovations to MSCI composite returns of the same country and across countries. Finally, the extent of the MSCI composite returns’ impact on the MSCI ESG returns in the same country indices, and cross-regional indices is examined with variance decomposition analysis. The results suggest that all ESG equity indices are integrated with conventional indices in all BRICS countries. Furthermore, there is a short-or long-run causality between MSCI ESG and MSCI composite equity indices of China and South Africa. Moreover, the study finds only short-run causality between conventional and non-conventional equity indices of Brazil and Russia, whereas we find only long-run causality between India’s non-conventional and conventional equity indices. Finally, the study finds that the all-individual country MSCI ESG equity indices shows a long-run causality with MSCI composite equity indices of all other BRICS countries. The findings also confirm the economic and financial cooperation between the BRICS countries.

ACS Style

Ramiz Rehman; Muhammad Abidin; Rizwan Ali; Safwan Nor; Muhammad Naseem; Mudassar Hasan; Muhammad Ahmad. The Integration of Conventional Equity Indices with Environmental, Social, and Governance Indices: Evidence from Emerging Economies. Sustainability 2021, 13, 676 .

AMA Style

Ramiz Rehman, Muhammad Abidin, Rizwan Ali, Safwan Nor, Muhammad Naseem, Mudassar Hasan, Muhammad Ahmad. The Integration of Conventional Equity Indices with Environmental, Social, and Governance Indices: Evidence from Emerging Economies. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):676.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ramiz Rehman; Muhammad Abidin; Rizwan Ali; Safwan Nor; Muhammad Naseem; Mudassar Hasan; Muhammad Ahmad. 2021. "The Integration of Conventional Equity Indices with Environmental, Social, and Governance Indices: Evidence from Emerging Economies." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 676.

Journal article
Published: 17 August 2020 in Risks
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In this study, we examine an empirical relationship between stock market volatility with the exchange rate and gold prices of an emerging market, “Pakistan”, employing daily and monthly data (PSX-100 Index) covering from 2001: Q3 to 2018: Q2. The study explains the average stock returns by applying MGARCH. Further, it investigates that the volatility in the exchange rate (Rs/US $) and gold prices remain equally strong in bearish and bullish conditions of the stock market by using a quantile regression approach (2001–2018). Additionally, the sample period is divided into two split samples that cover (2001–2007) and (2008–2018) respectively, based on global financial crises and applied similar analysis. The overall results show the negative impact of the exchange rate and gold price volatility on the stock market performance daily (monthly), supporting the argument that the stock market considers the exchange rate and gold price fluctuations as an adverse indicator and reacts negatively.

ACS Style

Rizwan Ali; Inayat Ullah Mangla; Ramiz Ur Rehman; Wuzhao Xue; Muhammad Akram Naseem; Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad. Exchange Rate, Gold Price, and Stock Market Nexus: A Quantile Regression Approach. Risks 2020, 8, 86 .

AMA Style

Rizwan Ali, Inayat Ullah Mangla, Ramiz Ur Rehman, Wuzhao Xue, Muhammad Akram Naseem, Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad. Exchange Rate, Gold Price, and Stock Market Nexus: A Quantile Regression Approach. Risks. 2020; 8 (3):86.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rizwan Ali; Inayat Ullah Mangla; Ramiz Ur Rehman; Wuzhao Xue; Muhammad Akram Naseem; Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad. 2020. "Exchange Rate, Gold Price, and Stock Market Nexus: A Quantile Regression Approach." Risks 8, no. 3: 86.

Journal article
Published: 16 July 2020 in Applied Soft Computing
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Matching the technology suppliers and demanders in the market is essential because such a matching facilitates the technology commercialization. Under the intuitionistic fuzzy environment, this paper proposes a novel two-stage matching method to match the technology suppliers and demanders by fully considering the characteristics of the real matching process. In the first stage, following the prospect theory and evidence theory, the satisfactions of the two parties with the attributes’ performances are calculated. These satisfactions are further used as the basis for the ranking of cooperation preferences. In the second stage, the price satisfaction under the influence of the cooperation preferences is considered, and the final matching pairs are obtained by maximizing the price satisfaction. We also conduct a numerical example to show the application of the novel two-stage method and compare its performance with the single-stage method The results show that the two-stage method can better identify both sides’ cooperation intentions and enhance their transaction satisfactions.

ACS Style

Aiping Wu; Hua Li; Ming Dong. A novel two-stage method for matching the technology suppliers and demanders based on prospect theory and evidence theory under intuitionistic fuzzy environment. Applied Soft Computing 2020, 95, 106553 .

AMA Style

Aiping Wu, Hua Li, Ming Dong. A novel two-stage method for matching the technology suppliers and demanders based on prospect theory and evidence theory under intuitionistic fuzzy environment. Applied Soft Computing. 2020; 95 ():106553.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aiping Wu; Hua Li; Ming Dong. 2020. "A novel two-stage method for matching the technology suppliers and demanders based on prospect theory and evidence theory under intuitionistic fuzzy environment." Applied Soft Computing 95, no. : 106553.

Review
Published: 27 April 2020 in Sustainability
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Financial performance is an indicator of the financial stability and the health of a firm. It is a measure of how well a firm uses its assets to generate revenues, a firm’s credibility, and its ability to pay off debts. To study the theoretical development, empirical examinations, and growing trend of financial performance research, this study reviewed the financial performance literature based on 875 journal articles sourced from the Web of Science, ACM, and Scopus databases from 2005 to 2019. To carry out the review, we applied Cite Space and Ucinet software for visualization and social network analysis, statistical analysis, co-occurrence analysis, and other research methods. We obtained a panoramic depiction of the posts, authors, journals, and keywords, and also reviewed financial performance using the field of knowledge maps. Accordingly, this study highlighted the recent and future research trends, and found that corporate social responsibility, and the green and sustainable corporate environment are potential research areas. These findings, through the combination of bibliometric methods and a systematic review, provide a better understanding of the development of corporate financial performance for both researchers and practitioners.

ACS Style

Wuzhao Xue; Hua Li; Rizwan Ali; Ramiz Ur Rehman. Knowledge Mapping of Corporate Financial Performance Research: A Visual Analysis Using Cite Space and Ucinet. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3554 .

AMA Style

Wuzhao Xue, Hua Li, Rizwan Ali, Ramiz Ur Rehman. Knowledge Mapping of Corporate Financial Performance Research: A Visual Analysis Using Cite Space and Ucinet. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (9):3554.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wuzhao Xue; Hua Li; Rizwan Ali; Ramiz Ur Rehman. 2020. "Knowledge Mapping of Corporate Financial Performance Research: A Visual Analysis Using Cite Space and Ucinet." Sustainability 12, no. 9: 3554.

Conference paper
Published: 25 April 2020 in IE&EM 2019
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Order picking is considered the most critical operation in warehousing. In the low-level manual picking warehouse, in order to increase the warehouse capacity and make full use of the rack space, the overall height of the rack is increased by increasing the number of layer and reducing the height of each layer of the rack, or directly increasing the number of layers. These all lead to take more time to pick up the goods at the bottom or top of the rack. If the picking time of the vertical travel is not taken into account and the best-selling goods are placed on the bottom or top layer, the order picking efficiency will be greatly affected. Therefore, based on class-based storage strategy, we propose a picking time estimation model that considers the vertical travel. A heuristic algorithm is constructed to optimize the warehousing location and determine the optimal warehousing boundary of goods of different types on each shelf. The results show that the proposed algorithm can better optimize the storage location and reduce the picking time.

ACS Style

Ai-Ping Wu; Hua Li; Hai-Mei Li; Rui-Peng Liu. Storage Optimization of Low-Level Manual Picking Warehouse Considering Vertical Travel. IE&EM 2019 2020, 117 -133.

AMA Style

Ai-Ping Wu, Hua Li, Hai-Mei Li, Rui-Peng Liu. Storage Optimization of Low-Level Manual Picking Warehouse Considering Vertical Travel. IE&EM 2019. 2020; ():117-133.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ai-Ping Wu; Hua Li; Hai-Mei Li; Rui-Peng Liu. 2020. "Storage Optimization of Low-Level Manual Picking Warehouse Considering Vertical Travel." IE&EM 2019 , no. : 117-133.

Regular article
Published: 27 February 2020 in Eurasian Business Review
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This study investigates how Chinese banking sector reforms have affected the relationship between banking performance and bank board structure. The study analyzes data from listed commercial Chinese banks between 2000 and 2013, and banking efficiency scores are estimated using the stochastic frontier approach (SFA) and data envelopment analysis (DEA). The impact of board structure and structural reforms on banking efficiency is further analyzed using panel data regression. We find that board independence has a negative influence on banking efficiency, but it becomes positive when the banks are listed on the stock market. This finding confirms the soft-budget constraint theory, which holds that large banks are less efficient than smaller ones as the former can more easily obtain financial support during times of distress. Further, the listing of state-owned banks positively moderates the relationship between board independence and banking efficiency. The study contributes to the literature on banking reforms, board structure, and banking efficiency. It confirms the theoretical basis for Chinese banking reforms and that banking efficiency has improved since the ownership restructuring.

ACS Style

Ramiz Ur Rehman; Junrui Zhang; Muhammad Akram Naseem; Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmed; Rizwan Ali. Board independence and Chinese banking efficiency: a moderating role of ownership restructuring. Eurasian Business Review 2020, 1 -20.

AMA Style

Ramiz Ur Rehman, Junrui Zhang, Muhammad Akram Naseem, Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmed, Rizwan Ali. Board independence and Chinese banking efficiency: a moderating role of ownership restructuring. Eurasian Business Review. 2020; ():1-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ramiz Ur Rehman; Junrui Zhang; Muhammad Akram Naseem; Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmed; Rizwan Ali. 2020. "Board independence and Chinese banking efficiency: a moderating role of ownership restructuring." Eurasian Business Review , no. : 1-20.

Journal article
Published: 13 January 2020 in Management Decision
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically capture the impact of a chief executive officer’s (CEO) personal and organizational characteristics on firm performance in the context of a developing country and to explore whether capital structure mediates the relationship between CEO characteristics and firm performance. Design/methodology/approach In order to test the hypothesized model, CEO duality, tenure and personal characteristics (age, gender and education) were taken as explanatory variables to study their impact on firm performance. Data were collected from 179 Pakistani companies from 2009–2015. The collected data were processed via panel data regression analysis under fixed effect assumptions. Findings Results show that CEO duality has a negative impact on firm performance and that a CEO with a dual role is more inclined toward debt financing. Moreover, a CEO with a longer tenure tends to be opportunistic and prioritize his/her personal interest while making strategic financial decisions, thus creating agency costs for the firm. Furthermore, CEO characteristics like age, gender and education have significant effects on firm financial decisions and firm performance. Finally, the debt and equity ratio partially mediates the link between CEO characteristics and firm performance. Research limitations/implications The findings of this study have limited generalizability due to the specific nature of the sample characteristics. Originality/value To the best of the authors knowledge, this study is the first to explore the impact of CEO characteristics on capital structure and firm performance. This work is also the first to explore the mediating role of capital structure in the relationship between CEO characteristics and firm performance by using Pakistani data.

ACS Style

Muhammad Akram Naseem; Jun Lin; Ramiz Ur Rehman; Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad; Rizwan Ali. Does capital structure mediate the link between CEO characteristics and firm performance? Management Decision 2020, 58, 164 -181.

AMA Style

Muhammad Akram Naseem, Jun Lin, Ramiz Ur Rehman, Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad, Rizwan Ali. Does capital structure mediate the link between CEO characteristics and firm performance? Management Decision. 2020; 58 (1):164-181.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Akram Naseem; Jun Lin; Ramiz Ur Rehman; Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad; Rizwan Ali. 2020. "Does capital structure mediate the link between CEO characteristics and firm performance?" Management Decision 58, no. 1: 164-181.

Journal article
Published: 23 December 2019 in Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems
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ACS Style

Shan Du; Hua Li; Bingzhen Sun. Hybrid Kano-fuzzy-DEMATEL model based risk factor evaluation and ranking of cross-border e-commerce SMEs with customer requirement. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 2019, 37, 8299 -8315.

AMA Style

Shan Du, Hua Li, Bingzhen Sun. Hybrid Kano-fuzzy-DEMATEL model based risk factor evaluation and ranking of cross-border e-commerce SMEs with customer requirement. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems. 2019; 37 (6):8299-8315.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shan Du; Hua Li; Bingzhen Sun. 2019. "Hybrid Kano-fuzzy-DEMATEL model based risk factor evaluation and ranking of cross-border e-commerce SMEs with customer requirement." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 37, no. 6: 8299-8315.

Journal article
Published: 14 October 2019 in International Journal of Conflict Management
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate relationship conflicts and creative idea endorsement to develop the understanding of managerial reactions towards ideas of those who develop relationship conflicts with managers/supervisors at work. Taking a contingency perspective, the authors also investigated role subordinates’ political skills and implementation instrumentality play in determining supervisors’ endorsement of subordinates’ creative ideas. Design/methodology/approach The authors used two sources of data collected from 243 subordinates and their respective 41 supervisors of a multinational software company operating in an emerging economy (Pakistan) and analyzed the hypothesized model with Mplus using random coefficient modeling. Findings With this research, the authors contributed to management literature by investigating how the effects of relationship conflicts on creative idea endorsement depend on subordinates’ political skills and implementation instrumentality. They postulate a negative relationship between relationship conflict and creative ideas endorsement and predict that this negative relationship is augmented by subordinates’ implementation instrumentality but attenuated by subordinates’ political skills. They also give directions to decision makers in organizations that they must inform the managers/supervisors about negative effects of their relationship conflict with their subordinates and train supervisors and subordinates about reducing their relationship conflicts with each other for mutual benefits. Originality/value Organizations should take a relationship perspective when creating an environment for creativity: an environment based on mutual trust and respect so that exchange relationships can foster. With this research, the authors extended the list of potential detriment associated with relationship conflicts, that is the endorsement of creative ideas by supervisors. The authors also extended creativity literature by investigating social relationships for selection-focused creativity (idea endorsement) instead of variance-focused creativity (idea generation).

ACS Style

Ahmad Adeel; Zhang Pengcheng; Farida Saleem; Rizwan Ali; Samreen Batool. Conflicts and creative idea endorsement. International Journal of Conflict Management 2019, 30, 637 -656.

AMA Style

Ahmad Adeel, Zhang Pengcheng, Farida Saleem, Rizwan Ali, Samreen Batool. Conflicts and creative idea endorsement. International Journal of Conflict Management. 2019; 30 (5):637-656.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmad Adeel; Zhang Pengcheng; Farida Saleem; Rizwan Ali; Samreen Batool. 2019. "Conflicts and creative idea endorsement." International Journal of Conflict Management 30, no. 5: 637-656.

Comparative study
Published: 18 April 2019 in PLOS ONE
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This study investigates the link between corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure for multi-stakeholders and financial performance of a firm through accounting-based activities for CSR. A dataset of Chinese non-financial firms listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange from 2008 to 2012 is taken from the China Stock Market & Accounting Research database. The study compares different financial ratios of CSR disclosure and non-disclosure firms. Moreover, the financial ratios of CSR disclosure firms also compare with the industry averages. The results suggest that the financial of CSR disclosure firms are better than both CSR non-disclosure firms and industry averages. These financial ratios ensure the claim of a firm that they are socially responsible toward multi-stakeholders. Further, the same financial ratios are used as moderator variables between CSR disclosure for multi-stakeholders (independent variable) and firm financial performance (dependent variable). The relationship between CSR disclosure and firm value is moderated by the financial ratios. The moderation effect of financial ratios is rarely used in the literature of CSR disclosure and firm value.

ACS Style

Muhammad Akram Naseem; Jun Lin; Ramiz Ur Rehman; Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad; Rizwan Ali. Moderating role of financial ratios in corporate social responsibility disclosure and firm value. PLOS ONE 2019, 14, e0215430 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Akram Naseem, Jun Lin, Ramiz Ur Rehman, Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad, Rizwan Ali. Moderating role of financial ratios in corporate social responsibility disclosure and firm value. PLOS ONE. 2019; 14 (4):e0215430.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Akram Naseem; Jun Lin; Ramiz Ur Rehman; Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad; Rizwan Ali. 2019. "Moderating role of financial ratios in corporate social responsibility disclosure and firm value." PLOS ONE 14, no. 4: e0215430.

Journal article
Published: 15 March 2019 in Sustainability
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With the advance of 5G communication technologies and Internet+ strategy, mobile commerce has experienced rapid growth and needs urgent attention from researchers. It is the aim of this article to analyze the literature on mobile commerce to address the following question: With the wide application of artificial intelligence and big data, what are the latest technology, models and problems in the background of the new era that researchers and practitioners need to understand in order to grasp the research frontier in this field quickly? Therefore, to achieve these objectives, this paper reviews 1130 m-commerce articles with 25,502 associated references from the SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, CPCI-S, CPCI-SSH database and develops a framework of m-commerce value by analyzing the most influential authors, institutions, countries, journals and keywords in m-commerce. We apply three types of knowledge mapping to our study—cluster view, timezone view and timeline view. Frequency statistics, clustering coefficient as well as centrality calculation are employed to analyze by CiteSpace. We use the strength of citation bursts to analyze keywords and put result into the I-Modelwhich provide an important framework for classifying m-commerce activities and theories. In this study, we explore the knowledge structure, development and the future trend of mobile commerce for researchers. We identify the main technology and models to improve customer satisfaction and adoption behavior in the background of the new era which provide decision support for practitioners. Compared with the existing literature reviews of mobile commerce, we make a set of knowledge maps to show the future trend of mobile commerce and analyze visual results based on I-model. It is the first study to present the major clusters to reveal their associated intellectual bases and research fronts.

ACS Style

Shan Du; Hua Li. The Knowledge Mapping of Mobile Commerce Research: A Visual Analysis Based on I-Model. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1580 .

AMA Style

Shan Du, Hua Li. The Knowledge Mapping of Mobile Commerce Research: A Visual Analysis Based on I-Model. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (6):1580.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shan Du; Hua Li. 2019. "The Knowledge Mapping of Mobile Commerce Research: A Visual Analysis Based on I-Model." Sustainability 11, no. 6: 1580.

Research article
Published: 29 January 2019 in BUSINESS STRATEGY & DEVELOPMENT
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In the last two decades, scholars have proposed that implementing democratic practices and ideas in organizations results in significant improvements in employees' attitude and behavior. Using two widely advocated and debated dimensions of organizational democracy (empowerment and communication), the present study provides empirical evidence of this mentioned relationship between organizational democracy and employee outcomes (commitment, citizenship behavior, and turnover intentions) under mediating role of organizational justice. Based on the data of 262 employees working in fan manufacturing companies, structural equation modeling was employed to estimate the results. Results suggest that bringing democratization at workplace enhance employee commitment and citizenship behavior and reduce intentions to leave the organization. Furthermore, the study also supports organizational justice as a mediator, suggesting that the relationship between organizational democracy and employee outcomes becomes more strengthened once justice is introduced. The study provides empirical evidence to ideas and prepositions of many organizational democracy researchers working for decades.

ACS Style

Kaleem Ahmed; Ahmad Adeel; Rizwan Ali; Ramiz Ur Rehman. Organizational democracy and employee outcomes: The mediating role of organizational justice. BUSINESS STRATEGY & DEVELOPMENT 2019, 2, 204 -219.

AMA Style

Kaleem Ahmed, Ahmad Adeel, Rizwan Ali, Ramiz Ur Rehman. Organizational democracy and employee outcomes: The mediating role of organizational justice. BUSINESS STRATEGY & DEVELOPMENT. 2019; 2 (3):204-219.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kaleem Ahmed; Ahmad Adeel; Rizwan Ali; Ramiz Ur Rehman. 2019. "Organizational democracy and employee outcomes: The mediating role of organizational justice." BUSINESS STRATEGY & DEVELOPMENT 2, no. 3: 204-219.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2019 in International Journal of Happiness and Development
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This study explores the influence of migration on human development and remittances which eventually leads to international migration. In order to achieve this objective data were collected from 2000 to 2014 for remittances, human development, migration, political openness, population, political stability, corruption, trade and foreign direct investment for SAARC countries. Results of the study revealed that migration, trade, population, political openness, and corruption were significant and have an impact on human development and remittances. The inclusive outcome of this study by testing penal techniques: majority panel statistics reject the null hypothesis. We may conclude that migration is co-integrated with human development and remittances. The rationale of this study is supportive of policymakers, investors, traders, and economic researchers.

ACS Style

Farzana Kausar; Saima Sarwar; Muhammad Yasir Rafiq; Rizwan Ali; Ramiz Ur Rehman. Integrating migration, human development and remittances: an analysis of SAARC countries. International Journal of Happiness and Development 2019, 5, 115 .

AMA Style

Farzana Kausar, Saima Sarwar, Muhammad Yasir Rafiq, Rizwan Ali, Ramiz Ur Rehman. Integrating migration, human development and remittances: an analysis of SAARC countries. International Journal of Happiness and Development. 2019; 5 (2):115.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Farzana Kausar; Saima Sarwar; Muhammad Yasir Rafiq; Rizwan Ali; Ramiz Ur Rehman. 2019. "Integrating migration, human development and remittances: an analysis of SAARC countries." International Journal of Happiness and Development 5, no. 2: 115.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2018 in Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues
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ACS Style

Farida Saleem; Ahmad Adeel; Rizwan Ali; Shabir Hyder. Intentions to adopt ecopreneurship: moderating role of collectivism and altruism. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues 2018, 6, 517 -537.

AMA Style

Farida Saleem, Ahmad Adeel, Rizwan Ali, Shabir Hyder. Intentions to adopt ecopreneurship: moderating role of collectivism and altruism. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues. 2018; 6 (2):517-537.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Farida Saleem; Ahmad Adeel; Rizwan Ali; Shabir Hyder. 2018. "Intentions to adopt ecopreneurship: moderating role of collectivism and altruism." Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues 6, no. 2: 517-537.

Journal article
Published: 06 November 2018 in Business: Theory and Practice
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This study investigated the relationship between empowering leadership and team creativity by integrating the theory of group behavior with componential theory of creativity. For this study, data was collected from two sources (343 Subordinates, 67 Supervisors) by temporally dividing data collection process into two points in time for independent, dependent, and mediating variables from employees of a bank operating in Pakistan. Random coefficient analysis technique was used with Mplus 7.0 to analyze nested data for preliminary analysis and analysis of mediation and indirect effects. Mediation was analyzed using the indirect effect of random models and further confirmed the confidence using bootstrapping procedure. Through this study, the researchers tried to explore the inconsistent relationship between empowering leadership behavior and team creativity. It was found that empowering leadership behavior affects the team level creativity of employees directly and indirectly through the mediation of team learning behavior and team psychological empowerment as team process and team emergent states respectively. The results indicated that empowering leadership enhances the learning potential of teams and team empowerment perception which in turn enhances team level creativity. Further research findings, implications, and future research directions also discussed in this research.

ACS Style

Ahmad Adeel; Samreen Batool; Rizwan Ali. EMPOWERING LEADERSHIP AND TEAM CREATIVITY: UNDERSTANDING THE DIRECT-INDIRECT PATH. Business: Theory and Practice 2018, 19, 242 -254.

AMA Style

Ahmad Adeel, Samreen Batool, Rizwan Ali. EMPOWERING LEADERSHIP AND TEAM CREATIVITY: UNDERSTANDING THE DIRECT-INDIRECT PATH. Business: Theory and Practice. 2018; 19 ():242-254.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmad Adeel; Samreen Batool; Rizwan Ali. 2018. "EMPOWERING LEADERSHIP AND TEAM CREATIVITY: UNDERSTANDING THE DIRECT-INDIRECT PATH." Business: Theory and Practice 19, no. : 242-254.

Journal article
Published: 06 November 2018 in Business: Theory and Practice
Reads 0
Downloads 0

This study investigated the relationship between empowering leadership and team creativity by integrating the theory of group behavior with componential theory of creativity. For this study, data was collected from two sources (343 Subordinates, 67 Supervisors) by temporally dividing data collection process into two points in time for independent, dependent, and mediating variables from employees of a bank operating in Pakistan. Random coefficient analysis technique was used with Mplus 7.0 to analyze nested data for preliminary analysis and analysis of mediation and indirect effects. Mediation was analyzed using the indirect effect of random models and further confirmed the confidence using bootstrapping procedure. Through this study, the researchers tried to explore the inconsistent relationship between empowering leadership behavior and team creativity. It was found that empowering leadership behavior affects the team level creativity of employees directly and indirectly through the mediation of team learning behavior and team psychological empowerment as team process and team emergent states respectively. The results indicated that empowering leadership enhances the learning potential of teams and team empowerment perception which in turn enhances team level creativity. Further research findings, implications, and future research directions also discussed in this research.

ACS Style

Ahmad Adeel; Samreen Batool; Rizwan Ali. Empowering leadership and team creativity: understanding the direct-indirect path. Business: Theory and Practice 2018, 19, 242 -254.

AMA Style

Ahmad Adeel, Samreen Batool, Rizwan Ali. Empowering leadership and team creativity: understanding the direct-indirect path. Business: Theory and Practice. 2018; 19 ():242-254.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmad Adeel; Samreen Batool; Rizwan Ali. 2018. "Empowering leadership and team creativity: understanding the direct-indirect path." Business: Theory and Practice 19, no. : 242-254.