This study proposes the best clustering method(s) for different distance measures under two different conditions using the cophenetic correlation coefficient. In the first one, the data has multivariate standard normal distribution without outliers for n = 10 , 50 , 100 and the second one is with outliers (5%) for n = 10 , 50 , 100 . The proposed method is applied to simulated multivariate normal data via MATLAB software. According the results of simulation the Average (especially for n = 10 ) and Centroid (especially for n = 50 and n = 100 ) methods are recommended at both conditions. This study hopes to contribute to literature for making better decisions on selection of appropriate cluster methods by using subgroup sizes, variable numbers, subgroup means and variances.

Environmental education and education for the environment today play an important role toward sustainability. Environmental education provided by higher education institutions has an important impact on training and preparing the future generation for a green society. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship among perception, attitude, and environmental behavior of the university students enrolled in different specialization fields (engineering electrical, mechanical, and economic). A total of 358 students participated in this survey conducted at the North Center University of Baia Mare. To collect data to measure students’ environmental education, perception, students’ attitudes, and behavior a Likert scale was used. In this study, it was revealed that students receiving academic education are involved in activities regarding environmental protection (volunteer, warning, participation, recycling of materials) using the new product and “greener” alternative energy. As a result of the t-test performed, it was put forward that there was no difference in their level of perception regarding the importance of environmental education. As a result of the correlation analysis, a positive relation was identified between the perception, attitude, and behavior variables.

The sustainability of community pharmacy services is dependent on service quality, patient satisfaction, and patient loyalty. While community pharmacies are perceived as medical units in terms of drug dispensing, they are also businesses that engage in social interaction with patients. To propose a certain model to evaluate the impact of different service factors on the level of satisfaction and to reveal the relationship between satisfaction and loyalty. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the province of Afyonkarahisar, Turkey, between March 20, 2022, and December 30, 2022. The research data were collected with a questionnaire that included demographic information, selected service factors, satisfaction, and loyalty. The data obtained from 402 participants were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The mean age of the participants was 32.02 ± 11.81, 53.9% were female, 58.7% were employed, 54.1% had a bachelor's degree, 11.7% had a chronic disease, and 16.1% were taking medication regularly. The findings of the study showed that communication and attitude (β = 0.22; t = 3.90), medicine supply (β = 0.43; t = 7.62), and pharmacy environment (β = 0.26; t = 4.23) positively affected patient satisfaction in community pharmacies. Service promptness did not have a significant effect on patient satisfaction (β = 0.07; t = 1.18). The most effective service factor on patient satisfaction was medicine supply (β = 0.43). In addition, the research results determined that patient satisfaction strongly affects patient loyalty in community pharmacies (β = 0.72, t = 11.24). While community pharmacies can increase patient satisfaction through service factors, they can increase patient loyalty by improving patient satisfaction. Community pharmacies that want to have satisfied and loyal patients should focus more on service factors. Community pharmacies should not only meet the medical expectations of patients but also meet their social expectations.

Bu araştırmanın amacı, hizmetkâr liderlik ve yenilikçi davranış arasındaki ilişkide çalışan sadakatinin aracı rolünü incelemektir. Araştırma, Afyonkarahisar Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi’nin farklı birimlerinde (hastane, idari birimler vb.) görevli 332 çalışanla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak anket formu kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama süreci Ocak-Mayıs 2022 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde SPSS ve SmartPLS paket programları kullanılmıştır. Derlenen veriler, tanımlayıcı istatistikler, geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizi, faktör analizi ve kısmi en küçük kareler yapısal eşitlik modellemesi (KEKK-YEM) uygulanarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, hizmetkâr liderliğin çalışan sadakatini ve çalışanın yenilikçi davranışını pozitif olarak etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Önerilen araştırma modelinde, çalışan sadakatinin yenilikçi davranışı pozitif etkilediği ve hizmetkâr liderlik ile yenilikçi davranış arasındaki ilişkide çalışan sadakatinin aracı rolünün anlamlı olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu çalışma, yenilikçi iş davranışlarını geliştirmek isteyen örgütlere, hizmetkâr liderliğin rolünü vurgulamaktadır. Çalışan sadakati, yenilikçi davranışları teşvik edebileceği için, yöneticilere çalışan sadakatini geliştiren hizmetkâr liderlik uygulamaları önerilmektedir.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of needs and awareness of university students on their environmental behaviour. With this purpose the data was collected from 537 students from the University of Cluj Napoca, Romania, from the engineering and management specializations respectively via an online questionnaire. The questionnaire was structured in four parts including 29 questions in total. The first part is meant to identify the students’ characteristics (gender, field of study, participation and attendance in field-specific activities, and if he/she is an environmentalist). The second part is meant to determine the students’ awareness regarding plastic and plastic pollution. Another part is meant to determine the needs of students and the manner in which they learn and gather information. The last part allows the determination of the students’ behavior in their daily life (use of bio plastic bags, environmental protection). The results show that students have enough information about biodegradable plastic but they act depending on the situation, respecting or not the rules for selecting plastic waste. The female student’ pay a lot of attention to selecting and choosing bioplastic products. The male students are directly involved in cleaning nature. Management students pay attention to small details as compared to engineering students who choose bioplastic even though the costs are higher. Related with their thoughts the factors effecting the opinion of either they are environmentalist or not are also examined. Being aware of the plastic waste show significant effect from the sides of awareness and behaviour. Finally, the structural model show that strongest connection is between students’ awareness about the plastic problem and the need to adapt to new regulations. Using the model universities can promote the importance of bioplastic through study programs or by involving students in volunteering activities, through their active involvement in environmental protection, and selective waste recycling.

This study aims to identify tourists' level of satisfaction with thermal tourism, using Structural Equation Models (SEM). In order to understand tourists' level of satisfaction, both the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were applied to the data sets using the SPSS and LISREL statistical package programs. The results of the EFA found five factors that make up tourists' satisfaction. The analysis indicates that while the tourists' perception of the ‘Cleanliness of Private Units’ has the greatest influence on ‘Private Thermal Unit’ features, the perception of ‘Additional Services’ has it on ‘General Physical Features’ on tourists' level of satisfaction with thermal tourism.