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This paper describes the complex hydrogeological, legal framework and socioeconomic costs of the groundwater protection in major groundwater basins (MGBs) in Poland in accordance with European directives. The hydrogeological criteria developed in Poland for establishing MGBs and the principles of their protection provide more details to the directives that are in force in Europe, which define the general principles for groundwater protection. The procedure of establishing MGB protection zones is connected with a change in local plans and land development and requires an analysis of the cost–benefit relationship in the sphere of social economy in the sector of public economics. The cost assessment was performed on the basis of data from hydrogeological documentations, and the aggregation of subareas to which the same existing and planned development can be attributed. A legal analysis of bans, orders and restrictions together with the identification of the risk of claims in specific hydrogeological and development conditions was a fundamental issue of research. These costs depend on the acreage and land use of the protected area. The unit costs of MGB protection, calculated per 1 km2 of the protection area, for six sample basins were estimated at €120 to €208,000/2 years/1 km2. The highest costs are generated by establishing protection in urban areas, while the lowest costs are generated in forest areas.
Ewa Krogulec; Jacek Gurwin; Mirosław Wąsik. Cost of groundwater protection: major groundwater basin protection zones in Poland. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics 2021, 1 -14.
AMA StyleEwa Krogulec, Jacek Gurwin, Mirosław Wąsik. Cost of groundwater protection: major groundwater basin protection zones in Poland. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics. 2021; ():1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwa Krogulec; Jacek Gurwin; Mirosław Wąsik. 2021. "Cost of groundwater protection: major groundwater basin protection zones in Poland." International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics , no. : 1-14.
Permeability characterizes the ability of rocks to store and transport natural gas, crude oil and reservoir fluids. Permeability heterogeneity of reservoir rocks, including dolomites, results from overlapping geological and physicochemical processes. The permeability study of gas-bearing dolomites was carried out on the Lubiatów hydrocarbon deposit (Poland), located at the Ca2 carbonate platform toe-of-slope, which is a prospective area for hydrocarbon exploration in Europe. Due to the complicated rock textures and overlapping alteration processes, including secondary crystallization or dissolution of minerals, the permeability of the deposit is variable. Studies of dolomites from a depth of 3242–3380 m show high mineralogical diversity; the percentage of dolomite ranges from 79% to 95% with a variable content of other minerals: anhydrite, gypsum, quartz, fluorite, plagioclase and clay minerals. The porosity variability ranges from 4.69% to 31.21%, depending on the measurement method used. The mean permeability value is 35.27 mD, with a variation range of 0.9 to 135.6 mD. There is neither change in permeability with depth and mineral composition, nor a direct relationship between porosity and permeability.
Ewa Krogulec; Katarzyna Sawicka; Sebastian Zabłocki; Ewa Falkowska. Mineralogy and Permeability of Gas and Oil Dolomite Reservoirs of the Zechstein Main Dolomite Basin in the Lubiatów Deposit (Poland). Energies 2020, 13, 6436 .
AMA StyleEwa Krogulec, Katarzyna Sawicka, Sebastian Zabłocki, Ewa Falkowska. Mineralogy and Permeability of Gas and Oil Dolomite Reservoirs of the Zechstein Main Dolomite Basin in the Lubiatów Deposit (Poland). Energies. 2020; 13 (23):6436.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwa Krogulec; Katarzyna Sawicka; Sebastian Zabłocki; Ewa Falkowska. 2020. "Mineralogy and Permeability of Gas and Oil Dolomite Reservoirs of the Zechstein Main Dolomite Basin in the Lubiatów Deposit (Poland)." Energies 13, no. 23: 6436.
Monitoring the data of groundwater level in long-term measurement series has allowed for assessment of the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on groundwater recharge. It allows for assessing the actual groundwater quantity, which constitutes the basis for balanced and sustainable groundwater planning and management in an urban area. Groundwater levels in three aquifers were studied: the shallow and deeper Quaternary aquifers and the Oligocene aquifer in Warsaw (Poland). Statistical analysis was performed on a 27-year (1993–2019) cycle of daily measurements of groundwater levels. The studies focused on determining the range and causes of groundwater level changes in urban-area aquifers. The groundwater table position in the Quaternary aquifer pointed to variable long-term recharge and allowed for the identification of homogenous intervals with identification of water table fluctuation trends. A decrease in the water table was observed within the Quaternary aquifers. The Oligocene aquifer displayed an opposite trend.
Ewa Krogulec; Jerzy Małecki; Dorota Porowska; Anna Wojdalska. Assessment of Causes and Effects of Groundwater Level Change in an Urban Area (Warsaw, Poland). Water 2020, 12, 3107 .
AMA StyleEwa Krogulec, Jerzy Małecki, Dorota Porowska, Anna Wojdalska. Assessment of Causes and Effects of Groundwater Level Change in an Urban Area (Warsaw, Poland). Water. 2020; 12 (11):3107.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwa Krogulec; Jerzy Małecki; Dorota Porowska; Anna Wojdalska. 2020. "Assessment of Causes and Effects of Groundwater Level Change in an Urban Area (Warsaw, Poland)." Water 12, no. 11: 3107.
Quantitative assessment of the amount of renewable resources allows their evaluation, valorization and protection in terms of the possibility of their environmental management under climate change conditions. The aim of the study was to determine the amount of renewable resources in the Middle Vistula valley, in the region of the Kampinos National Park, central Poland. The amount of renewable resources was calculated on a hydrodynamical model for three variants, as the average, the lowest and the highest infiltration recharge rate for a specified period of 1999–2013. The modelling research was conducted in a strongly differentiated hydrogeological valley unit, in which several geomorphological units could be delineated: the floodplain, over-flood terraces and the plain area. The hydrodynamic modelling results were verified by comparing the obtained data with both the amount of drainage in the valley zone and the underground streamflow. The assessment of renewable groundwater resources in three distinctive variants was the basis for calculating the groundwater footprints, defined as a quantitative assessment of the groundwater use in climate change conditions.
Ewa Krogulec; Sebastian Zabłocki; Katarzyna Sawicka. Temporal and Spatial Diversity of Renewable Groundwater Resources in the River Valley. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 4827 .
AMA StyleEwa Krogulec, Sebastian Zabłocki, Katarzyna Sawicka. Temporal and Spatial Diversity of Renewable Groundwater Resources in the River Valley. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (14):4827.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwa Krogulec; Sebastian Zabłocki; Katarzyna Sawicka. 2020. "Temporal and Spatial Diversity of Renewable Groundwater Resources in the River Valley." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14: 4827.
Przemysław Bukowski; Ewa Krogulec; Andrzej Haładus. Charakterystyka głównych geotypów obszarowych ocen podatności wód podziemnych na zanieczyszczenia. Przegląd Geologiczny 2020, 68, 226 -232.
AMA StylePrzemysław Bukowski, Ewa Krogulec, Andrzej Haładus. Charakterystyka głównych geotypów obszarowych ocen podatności wód podziemnych na zanieczyszczenia. Przegląd Geologiczny. 2020; 68 (4):226-232.
Chicago/Turabian StylePrzemysław Bukowski; Ewa Krogulec; Andrzej Haładus. 2020. "Charakterystyka głównych geotypów obszarowych ocen podatności wód podziemnych na zanieczyszczenia." Przegląd Geologiczny 68, no. 4: 226-232.
Ewa Krogulec; Katarzyna Sawicka; Sebastian Zabłocki. Ocena stopnia antropopresji wód podziemnych w rejonach poszukiwania i eksploatacji złóż węglowodorów. Przegląd Geologiczny 2020, 68, 242 -248.
AMA StyleEwa Krogulec, Katarzyna Sawicka, Sebastian Zabłocki. Ocena stopnia antropopresji wód podziemnych w rejonach poszukiwania i eksploatacji złóż węglowodorów. Przegląd Geologiczny. 2020; 68 (4):242-248.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwa Krogulec; Katarzyna Sawicka; Sebastian Zabłocki. 2020. "Ocena stopnia antropopresji wód podziemnych w rejonach poszukiwania i eksploatacji złóż węglowodorów." Przegląd Geologiczny 68, no. 4: 242-248.
Konrad Opęchowski; Ewa Krogulec. Wpływ obiektów głęboko posadowionych na strukturę strumienia filtracji wód podziemnych w obszarze wrażliwym na zmiany warunków hydrogeodynamicznych. Przegląd Geologiczny 2019, 67, 478 -486.
AMA StyleKonrad Opęchowski, Ewa Krogulec. Wpływ obiektów głęboko posadowionych na strukturę strumienia filtracji wód podziemnych w obszarze wrażliwym na zmiany warunków hydrogeodynamicznych. Przegląd Geologiczny. 2019; 67 (6):478-486.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKonrad Opęchowski; Ewa Krogulec. 2019. "Wpływ obiektów głęboko posadowionych na strukturę strumienia filtracji wód podziemnych w obszarze wrażliwym na zmiany warunków hydrogeodynamicznych." Przegląd Geologiczny 67, no. 6: 478-486.
Groundwater management can be effectively implemented by assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution. The research was carried out in the Vistula River valley (Poland) in an area of shallow groundwater occurrence, defined as a Groundwater-Dependent Ecosystem area. The goal of this study was to identify the average, maximum, and minimum depths of the groundwater table for variant assessment of groundwater vulnerability to contamination. The variants correspond to the average vulnerability, the vulnerability during hydrogeological drought, and the vulnerability during the flood risk period. Theoretical and effective weights of vulnerability parameters were calculated using the DRASTIC method. Vulnerability maps constructed for the various vulnerability variants and by using different parameter weights show the spatial variability of the individual vulnerability classes. Due to the specifics of this protected area, the expected dependency between vulnerability index and chloride concentrations in the monitoring points was not found. Comparison showed strong dependency of water chemistry and the value of recharge, lithology of aquifer, and unsaturated zone. The research results confirm the need for variant vulnerability assessment to protect against floods or predict the effects of climate change.
Ewa Krogulec; Sebastian Zabłocki; Danuta Zadrożna. Variability of Intrinsic Groundwater Vulnerability to Pollution in River Valley due to Groundwater Depth and Recharge Changes. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 1133 .
AMA StyleEwa Krogulec, Sebastian Zabłocki, Danuta Zadrożna. Variability of Intrinsic Groundwater Vulnerability to Pollution in River Valley due to Groundwater Depth and Recharge Changes. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (6):1133.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwa Krogulec; Sebastian Zabłocki; Danuta Zadrożna. 2019. "Variability of Intrinsic Groundwater Vulnerability to Pollution in River Valley due to Groundwater Depth and Recharge Changes." Applied Sciences 9, no. 6: 1133.
Ewa Krogulec; Tomasz Krogulec; Jerzy Małecki; Paweł Pietrzykowski; Paweł Dobak. Hydrogeological characteristics of aquifer near Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station on King George Island (South Shetland Islands), Antarctica. Polar Science 2018, 16, 68 -77.
AMA StyleEwa Krogulec, Tomasz Krogulec, Jerzy Małecki, Paweł Pietrzykowski, Paweł Dobak. Hydrogeological characteristics of aquifer near Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station on King George Island (South Shetland Islands), Antarctica. Polar Science. 2018; 16 ():68-77.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwa Krogulec; Tomasz Krogulec; Jerzy Małecki; Paweł Pietrzykowski; Paweł Dobak. 2018. "Hydrogeological characteristics of aquifer near Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station on King George Island (South Shetland Islands), Antarctica." Polar Science 16, no. : 68-77.
Ewa Krogulec. Evaluating the risk of groundwater drought in groundwater-dependent ecosystems in the central part of the Vistula River Valley, Poland. Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology 2018, 18, 82 -91.
AMA StyleEwa Krogulec. Evaluating the risk of groundwater drought in groundwater-dependent ecosystems in the central part of the Vistula River Valley, Poland. Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology. 2018; 18 (1):82-91.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwa Krogulec. 2018. "Evaluating the risk of groundwater drought in groundwater-dependent ecosystems in the central part of the Vistula River Valley, Poland." Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology 18, no. 1: 82-91.
An analysis of the dynamics of groundwater levels in the Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems (GDEs), which cover a vast part of the middle Vistula River valley in central Poland was carried out. The study area, typical of large river valleys, was investigated by detailed monitoring of groundwater levels. Based on statistical analysis and the geo-statistical modeling of monitoring data for 1999-2013, the range and dynamics of groundwater level fluctuations were determined for the entire interval and for the vegetation periods. The values of retention and infiltration recharge in various periods were compared with average values, indicating intervals of potential groundwater deficiency in GDEs. The amplitude of groundwater fluctuations, retention and infiltration were determined for vegetation periods characterized by the highest water intake by plants and the highest evapotranspiration. Particular attention has been drawn to the analysis of low groundwater levels in the vegetation periods, with water deficiencies potentially threatening the correct functioning of plant communities in GDEs. Moreover, the study has allowed us to indicate areas with insufficient groundwater levels during vegetation periods that may be hazardous to plant communities. The results may be a basis for the elaboration of correct management plans, protection measures and projects, or GDE renaturalization.
Ewa Krogulec; Sebastian Zabłocki; Katarzyna Sawicka. Changes in groundwater regime during vegetation period in Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems. Acta Geologica Polonica 2016, 66, 527 -542.
AMA StyleEwa Krogulec, Sebastian Zabłocki, Katarzyna Sawicka. Changes in groundwater regime during vegetation period in Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems. Acta Geologica Polonica. 2016; 66 (3):527-542.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwa Krogulec; Sebastian Zabłocki; Katarzyna Sawicka. 2016. "Changes in groundwater regime during vegetation period in Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems." Acta Geologica Polonica 66, no. 3: 527-542.
Ewa Krogulec; Ray Macdonald; Ireneusz Walaszczyk. Geological Sciences at the University of Warsaw. Acta Geologica Polonica 2016, 66, 1 .
AMA StyleEwa Krogulec, Ray Macdonald, Ireneusz Walaszczyk. Geological Sciences at the University of Warsaw. Acta Geologica Polonica. 2016; 66 (3):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwa Krogulec; Ray Macdonald; Ireneusz Walaszczyk. 2016. "Geological Sciences at the University of Warsaw." Acta Geologica Polonica 66, no. 3: 1.
Hydrogeological studies are an integral part of broad environmental research. These studies, research methods, and their results are employed in interdisciplinary research in the field of environmental protection. The hydrogeological studies conducted in recent years indicate the need for interdisciplinary research and the integration of environmental research. An example may be the results of hydrogeological studies of groundwater-dependent ecosystems (GDEs) conducted in the middle Vistula valley (Poland), in the area which constitutes the “research polygon”. Hydrogeological studies used directly results from other disciplines, and at the same time, the conclusions reached can be an important part of environmental studies.
Ewa Krogulec. Hydrogeological study of groundwater-dependent ecosystems—an overview of selected methods. Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology 2016, 16, 185 -193.
AMA StyleEwa Krogulec. Hydrogeological study of groundwater-dependent ecosystems—an overview of selected methods. Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology. 2016; 16 (3):185-193.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwa Krogulec. 2016. "Hydrogeological study of groundwater-dependent ecosystems—an overview of selected methods." Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology 16, no. 3: 185-193.
Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution was conducted by the DRASTIC method in central Poland, in the Vistula River valley. The results of this study have shown that 68.18% of the study area has a low pollution potential and 31.2% has a medium pollution potential. Single-parameter and map removal sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the relative importance of the parameters for aquifer vulnerability. Both analyses showed that by far the most significant parameter of the DRASTIC vulnerability index in the study area is the depth to the water table. Although the water table in more than 90% of the study area is shallow, less than 3 m below ground level, the assessment shows that this does not lead to a high groundwater vulnerability.
Ewa Krogulec; Joanna Trzeciak. DRASTIC assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution in the Vistula floodplain in central Poland. Water Policy 2016, 48, 1088 -1099.
AMA StyleEwa Krogulec, Joanna Trzeciak. DRASTIC assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution in the Vistula floodplain in central Poland. Water Policy. 2016; 48 (4):1088-1099.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwa Krogulec; Joanna Trzeciak. 2016. "DRASTIC assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution in the Vistula floodplain in central Poland." Water Policy 48, no. 4: 1088-1099.
Results are presented for a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the relationship between hydrogeological and environmental elements characterizing the areas of groundwater-dependent ecosytems (GDEs) located in the Kampinos National Park in central Poland. Statistical analysis was used to assess the seasonal and long-term variability of groundwater conditions. A geographic information system (GIS)-based model enabled the visualization of the test results. Objectification of spatial relationships between hydrogeological and environmental elements was carried out using factor analysis. The statistical analysis of groundwater levels in the period 1999–2013 confirmed the sequence of wet and dry years. The calculation enabled the determination of the range of groundwater-level changes, but no specific trends were observed with respect to these changes. Moreover, the widespread belief that the lowering of the water table in presented GDEs is due to anthropogenic pressure and climate change was not confirmed. The factor analysis showed that GDE areas are characterized by a considerable homogeneity of abiotic elements and locally occurring heterogeneous regions, mainly related to anthropogenic pressure. Dependency between the type of plant community and depth to the water table in the typical GDEs was not defined by the delimiting factors. Les résultats sont présentés pour une analyse quantitative et qualitative de la relation entre les éléments hydrogéologiques et environnementaux qui caractérisent les domaines des écosystèmes tributaires des eaux souterraines (ETEs) situés dans le Parc national de Kampinos dans le centre de la Pologne. L’analyse statistique a été utilisée pour évaluer la variabilité saisonnière et à long terme des conditions des eaux souterraines. Un système d’information géographique (SIG) basé sur un modèle permet la visualisation des résultats des tests. L’objectification des relations spatiales entre les éléments hydrogéologiques et environnementaux a été mené à partir de l’analyse factorielle. L’analyse statistiques des données piézométriques pour la période 1999–2013 a confirmé l’existence de succession d’années humides et sèches. Le calcul a permis la détermination de l’étendue des variations du niveau piézométriques, mais aucune tendance spécifique n’a été observée par rapport à ces changements. En outre, la croyance répandue que l’abaissement du niveau de la nappe dans les ETEs présentes est du à des pressions anthropiques et au changement climatiques n’a pas été confirmée. L’analyse factorielle a montré que les zones d’ETEs sont caractérisées par une homogénéité considérable des éléments abiotiques et par l’existence de zones localement hétérogènes, principalement associées à des pressions anthropiques. La dépendance entre le type de communauté végétale et la profondeur de la nappe dans des ETEs typiques n’a pas été définie par les facteurs de délimitation. Se presentan los resultados de un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo de la relación entre los elementos ambientales e hidrogeológicos que caracterizan las áreas de ecosistemas dependientes del agua subterránea (GDEs) situados en el Kampinos National Park en Polonia Central. El análisis estadístico se usó para evaluar la variabilidad estacional y a largo plazo de la condiciones del agua subterránea. Un modelo basado en un sistema de información geográfica (GIS) permitió la visualización de los resultados de las pruebas. La objetivación de las relaciones espaciales entre los elementos hidrogeológicos y ambientales se realizó mediante análisis factorial. El análisis estadístico de los niveles de agua subterránea en el periodo multianual 1999–2013 confirmó la secuencia de años húmedos y secos. El cálculo permitió la determinación del rango de los cambios del nivel de agua subterránea, pero no se observaron tendencias específicas con respecto a estos cambios. Por otra parte, no se confirmó la idea generalizada de que el descenso que se presenta en el nivel freático en las GDEs es debido a la presión antropogénica y el cambio climático. El análisis factorial mostró que las zonas GDEs se caracterizan por una considerable homogeneidad en los elementos abióticos y que se producen localmente regiones heterogéneas, principalmente relacionados con la presión antropogénica. La dependencia entre el tipo de comunidad vegetal y la profundidad del nivel freático en las GDEs típicas no se define por factores delimitantes. 本文论述了表征波兰中部Kampinos国家公园内依赖于地下水的生态系统的水文地质元素和环境元素之间关系的定量和定性分析结果。应用统计分析法评价了地下水状况的季节性和长期的变化。基于地理信息系统的模型能使实验结果形象化。应用因子分析法对水文地质元素和环境元素之间的空间关系进行了对象化。1999–2013多年间的地下水位统计分析印证了丰水年和枯水年的序列。计算结果能够确定地下水位的变化范围,但没有观测到这些变化的特定趋势。此外,普遍认为所展示的依赖于地下水的生态系统中水位降低是人为压力和气候变化造成的观点没有得到确认。因子分析结果显示依赖于地下水的生态系统的特征是非生物元素具有很大的同质性及局部上有异质地区,主要与人为压力有关。典型依赖于地下水的生态系统中植物群落类型和水位深度之间的依赖关系通过划界因素无法定义。 Zaprezentowano wyniki ilościowej i jakościowej analizy wzajemnych relacji czynników hydrogeologicznych i środowiskowych charakterystycznych dla ekosystemów zależnych od wód podziemnych (GDEs) położonych w Kampinoskim Paku Narodowym, w centralnej Polsce. Zastosowano analizę statystyczną do oceny zakresu zmienności sezonowej i...
Ewa Krogulec; Sebastian Zabłocki. Relationship between the environmental and hydrogeological elements characterizing groundwater-dependent ecosystems in central Poland. Hydrogeology Journal 2015, 23, 1587 -1602.
AMA StyleEwa Krogulec, Sebastian Zabłocki. Relationship between the environmental and hydrogeological elements characterizing groundwater-dependent ecosystems in central Poland. Hydrogeology Journal. 2015; 23 (7):1587-1602.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwa Krogulec; Sebastian Zabłocki. 2015. "Relationship between the environmental and hydrogeological elements characterizing groundwater-dependent ecosystems in central Poland." Hydrogeology Journal 23, no. 7: 1587-1602.
E. Krogulec. Groundwater protection in shale gas exploration areas – a Polish perspective. Episodes 2015, 38, 9 -20.
AMA StyleE. Krogulec. Groundwater protection in shale gas exploration areas – a Polish perspective. Episodes. 2015; 38 (1):9-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleE. Krogulec. 2015. "Groundwater protection in shale gas exploration areas – a Polish perspective." Episodes 38, no. 1: 9-20.
Ewa Krogulec. Intrinsic and Specific Vulnerability of Groundwater in a River Valley - Assessment, Verification and Analysis of Uncertainty. Journal of Earth Science & Climatic Change 2013, 4, 1 .
AMA StyleEwa Krogulec. Intrinsic and Specific Vulnerability of Groundwater in a River Valley - Assessment, Verification and Analysis of Uncertainty. Journal of Earth Science & Climatic Change. 2013; 4 (6):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwa Krogulec. 2013. "Intrinsic and Specific Vulnerability of Groundwater in a River Valley - Assessment, Verification and Analysis of Uncertainty." Journal of Earth Science & Climatic Change 4, no. 6: 1.