Members of the family Iridoviridae (iridovirids) are large dsDNA viruses that infect both invertebrate and vertebrate ectotherms and whose symptoms range in severity from minor reductions in host fitness to systemic disease and large-scale mortality. Several characteristics have been useful for classifying iridoviruses; however, novel strains are continuously being discovered and, in many cases, reliable classification has been challenging. Further impeding classification, invertebrate iridoviruses (IIVs) can occasionally infect vertebrates; thus, host range is often not a useful criterion for classification. In this review, we discuss the current classification of iridovirids, focusing on genomic and structural features that distinguish vertebrate and invertebrate iridovirids and viral factors linked to host interactions in IIV6 (Invertebrate iridescent virus 6). In addition, we show for the first time how complete genome sequences of viral isolates can be leveraged to improve classification of new iridovirid isolates and resolve ambiguous relations. Improved classification of the iridoviruses may facilitate the identification of genus-specific virulence factors linked with diverse host phenotypes and host interactions.

Yalcin S, et al. J Vet Sci. 2024 Sep;25:e72. https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.24032

İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayın Projesi

From ancient times to now, cloves have been utilized in traditional and culinary practices. Syzygium aromaticum, also known as clove, is extracted from the buds of a flowering plant that belongs to the Myrtaceae family. This oil comprises 85% Eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol), 5.5% Eugenyl acetate, and 1.5% β-caryophyllene. S. aromaticum is known for its antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. S. aromaticum has multiple beneficial effects, including antifungal, antiemetic, antispasmodic, analgesic, antiseptic, anticarcinogenic, antiallergic, and anti-mutagenic activity. However, there is a lack of comprehensive information available in the current literature. To ensure the safe and effective use of clove oil, it is important for health professionals to receive adequate training through in-service programs, symposiums, conferences, and congresses. It is crucial to remember that clove oil contains powerful chemical compounds, and uncontrolled use may result in harm. Therefore, it should only be used under the supervision of a health team. It is recommended to raise public awareness about the proper use of clove oil by health professionals.

PVA with the molecular formula (C2H4O)n is a polymer prepared from polyvinyl acetates by replacing acetate groups with hydroxyl groups. It is a synthetic polymer with low surface tension, flexible and soft, water-soluble and cross-linkable thanks to the hydroxyl groups in its structure, biodegradable and non-toxic due to the carbon bonds in its chain. Bacteriocins are compounds of a protein nature that are ribosomally synthesized by bacteria and suitable for use as a filler in polymer matrices, especially in food packaging systems, and drug design because they are natural antimicrobial compounds sensitive to various enzymes and do not disrupt the physicochemical structure of foods while inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms. Considering their biochemical properties, they are generally divided into 4 different classes. The fact that Nisin and PVA have a structure that can serve a common purpose and have superior properties made us wonder about the interaction and bonding modes between these two. Molecular docking work is important because it prevents time, energy, and economic consumption and prepares the ground for the synthesis of new and advanced materials that are likely to be obtained in the laboratory environment. Therefore, in this study, Nisin bacteriocin (in Group IA) was chosen as the target, and a single monomer of the PVA polymer was chosen as the ligand, and the interaction between them was simulated by molecular docking method. A rational depiction of ligand-protein binding interactions was made.