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Considering scenarios of future changes in land use have the potential to support policy-makers in drafting environmental laws to reconcile the demands of multiple land uses. The Pantanal, one of the largest wetlands in the world, has been undergoing rapid land use changes, and does not yet have any integrated environmental legislation on Legal Reserve for entire region (LR - minimum percentage of native vegetation required within private properties). The aim of this paper was to generate future vegetation loss scenarios for the Pantanal based on four LR values: (i) BAU: Business as usual, which considers existing laws: Native Vegetation Protection Law and State Decree; (ii) LRE: LR elimination owing to a bill recently proposed; (iii) LR50: which considers the bill proposing 50% of LR for the Pantanal; and (iv) LR80: our proposed levels of 80% of LR for the lowlands and 35% for the plateau (following values in the Amazon). Based on native vegetation loss from each scenario, we estimated the soil loss and sediment yield to rivers. Our results show that LRE would increase native vegetation loss in the Pantanal by as much as 139% when compared to the BAU, whereas increasing LR levels would reduce conversion values by 29% (LR80). Elimination of the LR would increase soil erosion and sediment production by up to 7% and 10%, respectively, compared to BAU. Based on native vegetation loss from each scenario, we estimated the soil loss and sediment yield to rivers with our data showing more than 90% of the sediment transported to the lowland originating from the plateau. The LR80 indicates a reduction in soil nutrient replacement costs of 10% compared to BAU, while in the LR50 these costs decrease by 1.5%, and in the LRE would increase of 8%. Our results show that abolishing current protections would have substantial impacts on avulsion processes, on several economic activities (tourism, fishery, cattle raising, etc.) and negative impacts for biodiversity conservation and would bring losses to agriculture in the Pantanal. Hence, our study brings clearly evidence of LR importance and need to expand it in this sensitive wetland.
Angélica Guerra; Paulo Tarso Sanches de Oliveira; Fábio De Oliveira Roque; Isabel M.D. Rosa; José Manuel Ochoa-Quintero; Rafael Dettogni Guariento; Carina Barbosa Colman; Viviane Dib; Verônica Maioli; Bernardo Strassburg; Letícia Couto Garcia. The importance of Legal Reserves for protecting the Pantanal biome and preventing agricultural losses. Journal of Environmental Management 2020, 260, 110128 .
AMA StyleAngélica Guerra, Paulo Tarso Sanches de Oliveira, Fábio De Oliveira Roque, Isabel M.D. Rosa, José Manuel Ochoa-Quintero, Rafael Dettogni Guariento, Carina Barbosa Colman, Viviane Dib, Verônica Maioli, Bernardo Strassburg, Letícia Couto Garcia. The importance of Legal Reserves for protecting the Pantanal biome and preventing agricultural losses. Journal of Environmental Management. 2020; 260 ():110128.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAngélica Guerra; Paulo Tarso Sanches de Oliveira; Fábio De Oliveira Roque; Isabel M.D. Rosa; José Manuel Ochoa-Quintero; Rafael Dettogni Guariento; Carina Barbosa Colman; Viviane Dib; Verônica Maioli; Bernardo Strassburg; Letícia Couto Garcia. 2020. "The importance of Legal Reserves for protecting the Pantanal biome and preventing agricultural losses." Journal of Environmental Management 260, no. : 110128.
The Pantanal biome integrates the lowlands of the Upper Paraguay Basin (UPB), which is hydrologically connected to the biomes of the Cerrado and Amazon (the highlands of the UPB). The effects of recent land-cover and land-use (LCLU) changes in the highlands, combined with climate change, are still poorly understood in this region. Here, we investigate the effects of soil erosion in the Brazilian Pantanal under climate and LCLU changes by combining different scenarios of projected rainfall erosivity and land-cover management. We compute the average annual soil erosion for the baseline (2012) and projected scenarios for 2020, 2035, and 2050. For the worst scenario, we noted an increase in soil loss of up to 100% from 2012 to 2050, associated with cropland expansion in some parts of the highlands. Furthermore, for the same period, our results indicated an increase of 20 to 40% in soil loss in parts of the Pantanal biome, which was associated with farmland increase (mainly for livestock) in the lowlands. Therefore, to ensure water, food, energy, and ecosystem service security over the next decades in the whole UPB, robust and comprehensive planning measures need to be developed, especially for the most impacted areas found in our study.
Carina Colman; Paulo Oliveira; André Almagro; Britaldo Soares-Filho; Dulce Rodrigues. Effects of Climate and Land-Cover Changes on Soil Erosion in Brazilian Pantanal. Sustainability 2019, 11, 7053 .
AMA StyleCarina Colman, Paulo Oliveira, André Almagro, Britaldo Soares-Filho, Dulce Rodrigues. Effects of Climate and Land-Cover Changes on Soil Erosion in Brazilian Pantanal. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (24):7053.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarina Colman; Paulo Oliveira; André Almagro; Britaldo Soares-Filho; Dulce Rodrigues. 2019. "Effects of Climate and Land-Cover Changes on Soil Erosion in Brazilian Pantanal." Sustainability 11, no. 24: 7053.
The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE)'s cover and management factor (C-factor) is one of the most difficult factors to obtain, mainly because long-term monitoring soil erosion plots under natural rainfall are needed. Therefore, remote sensing approaches have been used as an alternative for obtaining this factor. However, there is a lack of studies comparing values of this factor computed from remote sensing approaches with measured data. In this study, we compare two widely used remote sensing approaches (CrA and CVK) to estimate the C-factor based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) with the literature (CLIT) and field experimental data. We also investigated the influence of C-factor methods on the prediction of soil loss and sediment yield (SY) using measured data in the Guariroba basin, Central-West Brazil. We obtained mean C-factor values of 0.032, 0.023 and 0.137 for CLIT, CrA and CVK, respectively. We found an average annual soil loss of 2.20 t ha−1 yr−1, 2.02 t ha−1 yr−1 and 10.07 t ha−1 yr−1 and SY values of 6875 t yr−1, 6468 t yr−1 and 33,435 t yr1, for CLIT, CrA and CVK, respectively. Our results indicated a significant improvement in soil loss and SY estimations by using the CrA approach developed for tropical regions, with a bias of 13% to the measured SY (5709 t yr−1). We conclude that the CrA method present the most suitable alternative to compute soil loss and SY in tropical regions. Furthermore, this approach allows large-scale evaluation and temporal monitoring, therefore enhancing multi spatial and temporal assessment of soil erosion processes.
André Almagro; Thais Caregnatto Thomé; Carina Barbosa Colman; Rodrigo Bahia Pereira; José Marcato Junior; Dulce Buchala Bicca Rodrigues; Paulo Tarso Sanches Oliveira. Improving cover and management factor (C-factor) estimation using remote sensing approaches for tropical regions. International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2019, 7, 325 -334.
AMA StyleAndré Almagro, Thais Caregnatto Thomé, Carina Barbosa Colman, Rodrigo Bahia Pereira, José Marcato Junior, Dulce Buchala Bicca Rodrigues, Paulo Tarso Sanches Oliveira. Improving cover and management factor (C-factor) estimation using remote sensing approaches for tropical regions. International Soil and Water Conservation Research. 2019; 7 (4):325-334.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndré Almagro; Thais Caregnatto Thomé; Carina Barbosa Colman; Rodrigo Bahia Pereira; José Marcato Junior; Dulce Buchala Bicca Rodrigues; Paulo Tarso Sanches Oliveira. 2019. "Improving cover and management factor (C-factor) estimation using remote sensing approaches for tropical regions." International Soil and Water Conservation Research 7, no. 4: 325-334.