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To evaluate the performance of post mortem laboratory analysis in identifying the causes of hemorrhagic fever and/or neuroinvasive disease in deaths by arbovirus infection. Retrospective cross-sectional study based on the differential analysis and final outcome obtained in patients whose samples underwent laboratory testing for arboviruses at the Pathology Center of the Adolfo Lutz Institute, in São Paulo, Brazil. Of the 1355 adults clinically diagnosed with hemorrhagic fever and/or neuroinvasive disease, the most commonly attributed cause of death and the most common final outcome was dengue fever. Almost half of the samples tested negative on all laboratory tests conducted. The failure to identify the causative agent in a great number of cases highlights a gap in the diagnosis of deaths of unknown etiology. Additional immunohistochemical and molecular assessments need to be added to the post-mortem protocol if all laboratory evaluations performed fail to identify a causative agent. While part of our findings may be due to technical issues related to sample fixation, better information availability when making the initial diagnosis is crucial. Including molecular approaches might lead to a significant advancement in diagnostic accuracy.
Leonardo José Tadeu de Araújo; Lorenzo Lang Gonzalez; Lewis Fletcher Buss; Juliana Mariotti Guerra; David Salas Gomez; Camila Santos Da Silva Ferreira; Cinthya Santos Cirqueira; Fábio Ghillardi; Steven S Witkin; Ester Cerdeira Sabino. Surveillance of hemorrhagic fever and/or neuroinvasive disease: challenges of diagnosis. Revista de Saúde Pública 2021, 55, 41 .
AMA StyleLeonardo José Tadeu de Araújo, Lorenzo Lang Gonzalez, Lewis Fletcher Buss, Juliana Mariotti Guerra, David Salas Gomez, Camila Santos Da Silva Ferreira, Cinthya Santos Cirqueira, Fábio Ghillardi, Steven S Witkin, Ester Cerdeira Sabino. Surveillance of hemorrhagic fever and/or neuroinvasive disease: challenges of diagnosis. Revista de Saúde Pública. 2021; 55 ():41.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeonardo José Tadeu de Araújo; Lorenzo Lang Gonzalez; Lewis Fletcher Buss; Juliana Mariotti Guerra; David Salas Gomez; Camila Santos Da Silva Ferreira; Cinthya Santos Cirqueira; Fábio Ghillardi; Steven S Witkin; Ester Cerdeira Sabino. 2021. "Surveillance of hemorrhagic fever and/or neuroinvasive disease: challenges of diagnosis." Revista de Saúde Pública 55, no. : 41.
Squash mosaic virus (SqMV) is a phytovirus that infects great diversity of plants worldwide. In Brazil, the SqMV has been identified in the states of Ceará, Maranhão, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, and Tocantins. The presence of non-pathogenic viruses in animals, such as phytoviruses, may not be completely risk-free. Similarities in gene repertories between these viruses and viruses that affect animal species have been reported. The present study describes the fully sequenced genomes of SqMV found in human feces, collected in Tocantins, and analyzes the viral profile by metagenomics in the context of diarrhea symptomatology. The complete SqMV genome was obtained in 39 of 253 analyzed samples (15.5%); 97.4% of them belonged to children under 5 years old. There was no evidence that the observed symptoms were related to the presence of SqMV. Of the different virus species detected in these fecal samples, at least 4 (rotavirus, sapovirus, norovirus, parechovirus) are widely known to cause gastrointestinal symptoms. The presence of SqMV nucleic acid in fecal samples is likely due to recent dietary consumption and it is not evidence of viral replication in the human intestinal cells. Identifying the presence of SqMV in human feces and characterization of its genome is a relevant precursor to determining whether and how plant viruses interact with host cells or microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal tract.
Fabiola Villanova; Roberta Marcatti; Mayara Bertanhe; Vanessa Morais; Flavio Milagres; Rafael Brustulin; Emerson Araújo; Roozbeh Tahmasebi; Steven Witkin; Xutao Deng; Eric Delwart; Ester Sabino; Cassio Abreu-Junior; Élcio Leal; Antonio Costa. New Variants of Squash Mosaic Viruses Detected in Human Fecal Samples. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 1349 .
AMA StyleFabiola Villanova, Roberta Marcatti, Mayara Bertanhe, Vanessa Morais, Flavio Milagres, Rafael Brustulin, Emerson Araújo, Roozbeh Tahmasebi, Steven Witkin, Xutao Deng, Eric Delwart, Ester Sabino, Cassio Abreu-Junior, Élcio Leal, Antonio Costa. New Variants of Squash Mosaic Viruses Detected in Human Fecal Samples. Microorganisms. 2021; 9 (7):1349.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabiola Villanova; Roberta Marcatti; Mayara Bertanhe; Vanessa Morais; Flavio Milagres; Rafael Brustulin; Emerson Araújo; Roozbeh Tahmasebi; Steven Witkin; Xutao Deng; Eric Delwart; Ester Sabino; Cassio Abreu-Junior; Élcio Leal; Antonio Costa. 2021. "New Variants of Squash Mosaic Viruses Detected in Human Fecal Samples." Microorganisms 9, no. 7: 1349.
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne viral pathogen that plagues many tropical-climate nations around the world, including Brazil. Molecular epidemiology is a growing and increasingly invaluable tool for understanding the dispersal, persistence, and diversity of this impactful virus. In this study, plasma samples (n = 824) from individuals with symptoms consistent with an arboviral febrile illness were analyzed to identity the molecular epidemiological dynamics of DENV circulating in the Brazilian state of Amapá. Twelve DENV type 1 (DENV-1) genomes were identified, which were phylogenetically related to the BR4 lineage of genotype V. Phylodynamics analysis suggested that DENV-1 BR-4 was introduced into Amapá around early 2010, possibly from other states in northern Brazil. We also found unique amino acids substitutions in the DENV-1 envelope and NS5 protein sequences in the Amapá isolates. Characterization of the DENV-1 BR-4 sequences highlights the potential of this new lineage to drive outbreaks of dengue in the Amazon region.
Geovani Ribeiro; Danielle Gill; Edcelha Ribeiro; Fred Monteiro; Vanessa Morais; Roberta Marcatti; Marlisson Rego; Emerson Araújo; Steven Witkin; Fabiola Villanova; Xutao Deng; Ester Sabino; Eric Delwart; Élcio Leal; Antonio da Costa. Adaptive Evolution of New Variants of Dengue Virus Serotype 1 Genotype V Circulating in the Brazilian Amazon. Viruses 2021, 13, 689 .
AMA StyleGeovani Ribeiro, Danielle Gill, Edcelha Ribeiro, Fred Monteiro, Vanessa Morais, Roberta Marcatti, Marlisson Rego, Emerson Araújo, Steven Witkin, Fabiola Villanova, Xutao Deng, Ester Sabino, Eric Delwart, Élcio Leal, Antonio da Costa. Adaptive Evolution of New Variants of Dengue Virus Serotype 1 Genotype V Circulating in the Brazilian Amazon. Viruses. 2021; 13 (4):689.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeovani Ribeiro; Danielle Gill; Edcelha Ribeiro; Fred Monteiro; Vanessa Morais; Roberta Marcatti; Marlisson Rego; Emerson Araújo; Steven Witkin; Fabiola Villanova; Xutao Deng; Ester Sabino; Eric Delwart; Élcio Leal; Antonio da Costa. 2021. "Adaptive Evolution of New Variants of Dengue Virus Serotype 1 Genotype V Circulating in the Brazilian Amazon." Viruses 13, no. 4: 689.
Echoviruses (E) are a diverse group of viruses responsible for various pathological conditions in humans including aseptic meningitis, myocarditis, and acute flaccid paralysis. The detection and identification of echovirus genotypes in clinical samples is challenging due to its high genetic diversity. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of nine echoviruses, obtained by next-generation sequencing of 238 fecal samples from individuals with gastroenteritis in regions of Brazil. Detected viruses were classified into six genotypes: Three E1 sequences (BRA/TO-028, BRA/TO-069 and BRA/TO-236), one E3 (BRA/TO-018), one E11 (BRA/TO-086), one E20 (BRA/TO-016), two E29 (BRA/TO-030 and BRA/TO-193), and one E30 sequence (BRA/TO-032). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the echoviruses E1 and E29 circulating in Brazil are divergent from strains circulating worldwide. The genotype diversity identified in our study may under-represent the total echovirus diversity in Brazil because of the small sample size and the restricted geographical distribution covered by the survey.
Endrya Do Socorro Fôro Ramos; Ulisses Rosa; Geovani De Oliveira Ribeiro; Fabiola Villanova; Flávio de Pádua Milagres; Rafael Brustulin; Vanessa Dos Santos Morais; Mayara Bertanhe; Roberta Marcatti; Emerson Araújo; Steven Witkin; Eric Delwart; Adriana Luchs; Antonio da Costa; Élcio Leal. High Heterogeneity of Echoviruses in Brazilian Children with Acute Gastroenteritis. Viruses 2021, 13, 595 .
AMA StyleEndrya Do Socorro Fôro Ramos, Ulisses Rosa, Geovani De Oliveira Ribeiro, Fabiola Villanova, Flávio de Pádua Milagres, Rafael Brustulin, Vanessa Dos Santos Morais, Mayara Bertanhe, Roberta Marcatti, Emerson Araújo, Steven Witkin, Eric Delwart, Adriana Luchs, Antonio da Costa, Élcio Leal. High Heterogeneity of Echoviruses in Brazilian Children with Acute Gastroenteritis. Viruses. 2021; 13 (4):595.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEndrya Do Socorro Fôro Ramos; Ulisses Rosa; Geovani De Oliveira Ribeiro; Fabiola Villanova; Flávio de Pádua Milagres; Rafael Brustulin; Vanessa Dos Santos Morais; Mayara Bertanhe; Roberta Marcatti; Emerson Araújo; Steven Witkin; Eric Delwart; Adriana Luchs; Antonio da Costa; Élcio Leal. 2021. "High Heterogeneity of Echoviruses in Brazilian Children with Acute Gastroenteritis." Viruses 13, no. 4: 595.
Background The present study determined the HBV antigen, antibody, and DNA status in blood donations deemed to be HBV positive. Individuals with an occult HBV infection (OBI), defined as being positive for HBV DNA but negative for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), as well as those with active infection (HBsAg‐positive), were identified and characterized. Study Design and Methods From a total pool if 198,363 blood donations, we evaluated in a cross‐sectional study, 1106 samples that were positive in screening tests for antibody to HBV core antigen (HBcAb), HBsAg, and/or HBV DNA by nucleic acid testing (NAT‐HBV). The presence of genetic variants in the HBV pol/S gene in individuals with an active HBV infection was also determined. Results OBIs were detected in six of 976 samples (0.6%) that were positive only for HBcAb. The rate of HBV active infection was 0.024% (48/198,363) and there was a predominance of HBV sub‐genotype A1 (62.2%, 28/45), followed by D3 (17.8%, 8/45). Mutations in the S gene were found in 57.8% (26/45) and immune escape mutations in 37.8% (17/45) of active HBV‐infected donors. Among them, T123N, G145A, and D144G high‐impact immune escape mutations were identified. Conclusion Highly sensitive molecular tests improve the capacity to detect OBIs. When NAT is performed in pooled samples, HBcAb test has value in the detection of donors with OBI and improves transfusion safety. Mutations in the S gene are frequent in HBsAg‐positive blood, including those associated with diagnostic failure and vaccine escape mutations.
Anna S. Nishiya; José E. Levi; Cesar de Almeida‐Neto; Steven S. Witkin; Suzete C. Ferreira; Leda Bassit; Ester C. Sabino; Claudia Di‐Lorenzo‐Oliveira; Nanci A. Salles; Adenilson S. Coutinho; Maria A. Bellesa; Vanderson Rocha; Alfredo Mendrone‐Jr. Occult and active hepatitis B virus detection in donated blood in São Paulo, Brazil. Transfusion 2021, 61, 1495 -1504.
AMA StyleAnna S. Nishiya, José E. Levi, Cesar de Almeida‐Neto, Steven S. Witkin, Suzete C. Ferreira, Leda Bassit, Ester C. Sabino, Claudia Di‐Lorenzo‐Oliveira, Nanci A. Salles, Adenilson S. Coutinho, Maria A. Bellesa, Vanderson Rocha, Alfredo Mendrone‐Jr. Occult and active hepatitis B virus detection in donated blood in São Paulo, Brazil. Transfusion. 2021; 61 (5):1495-1504.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna S. Nishiya; José E. Levi; Cesar de Almeida‐Neto; Steven S. Witkin; Suzete C. Ferreira; Leda Bassit; Ester C. Sabino; Claudia Di‐Lorenzo‐Oliveira; Nanci A. Salles; Adenilson S. Coutinho; Maria A. Bellesa; Vanderson Rocha; Alfredo Mendrone‐Jr. 2021. "Occult and active hepatitis B virus detection in donated blood in São Paulo, Brazil." Transfusion 61, no. 5: 1495-1504.
Recent outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection highlight the urgent need to evaluate the efficacy of current public health measures to educate susceptible groups about how to prevent infection, modes of viral transmission, and consequences of infection. We performed a cross-sectional study in the city of Jundiaí, São-Paulo, from March 2016 to August 2017. In 315 high-risk pregnant women we evaluated the rate of ZIKV infection, knowledge of pathways of ZIKV transmission, and the use of protective measures. Data were analyzed and correlated with sociodemographic variables. The rate of ZIKV infection was 10.8%. ZIKV transmission by mosquitoes was the best-known means of virus acquisition, while transmission of ZIKV by sexual intercourse as well as mother–fetus transmission was known by less than half of the women. The use of insect repellent, reported by 53% of participants, was correlated with higher education and personal directives from health professionals. Condom use was reported by 19.5% of subjects. Improved strategies to increase awareness of ZIKV infection and its consequences, designed to appeal to specific, targeted populations, are clearly necessary to more accurately prevent the spread of this infection and diminish adverse consequences in the pregnant population.
Lucas Pires; Luiza Dantas; Steven Witkin; Ana Bertozzi; Rita Dezena; Maria Rodrigues; Rosa Gazeta; Saulo Passos. Knowledge of Zika Virus Transmission and Its Prevention among High-Risk Pregnant Women in Brazil. Viruses 2021, 13, 242 .
AMA StyleLucas Pires, Luiza Dantas, Steven Witkin, Ana Bertozzi, Rita Dezena, Maria Rodrigues, Rosa Gazeta, Saulo Passos. Knowledge of Zika Virus Transmission and Its Prevention among High-Risk Pregnant Women in Brazil. Viruses. 2021; 13 (2):242.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLucas Pires; Luiza Dantas; Steven Witkin; Ana Bertozzi; Rita Dezena; Maria Rodrigues; Rosa Gazeta; Saulo Passos. 2021. "Knowledge of Zika Virus Transmission and Its Prevention among High-Risk Pregnant Women in Brazil." Viruses 13, no. 2: 242.
Predictors of spontaneous preterm birth in primigravid women remain undetermined. We evaluated whether biomarkers in vaginal secretions and/or differences in the dominant bacterium in the vaginal microbiome predicted the risk for spontaneous preterm birth in primigravid women with a cervical length >25mm. In a prospective study, 146 second trimester pregnant women with their first conception and a cervix >25mm were enrolled. The vaginal microbiome composition was characterized by analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. The concentrations of d- and l-lactic acid, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, 8 and 9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) 1 and 2 in vaginal secretions were measured by ELISA. Cervical length was determined by vaginal ultrasonography. Pregnancy outcome data were subsequently collected. There was a spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) in 13 women (8.9%) while in an additional 8 women (5.5%) preterm delivery was medically indicated. Lactobacillus iners was the dominant vaginal bacterium in 61.5% of women with a SPTB but only in 31.2% of those who delivered at term (p = .0354). The vaginal concentration of TIMP-1 (p = .0419) and L-lactic acid (p = .0495) was higher in women with a SPTB as compared to those who delivered at term. Lactobacillus iners dominance was associated with elevated levels of TIMP-1 (p = .0434) and TIMP-2 (p = .0161) and lower levels of D-lactic acid (p < .0001) compared to when L. crispatus was dominant. In this exploratory study of primigravid women, elevations in vaginal TIMP-1 and L- lactic acid and L. iners dominance in the vaginal microbiome are associated with an increased occurrence of SPTB.
Stephanno G. P. Sarmento; Antonio F. Moron; Larry J. Forney; Alan R. Hatanaka; Francisco H. C. Carvalho; Marcelo S. França; Tatiana K. Hamamoto; Rosiane Mattar; Iara M. Linhares; Evelyn Minis; Adriana Sañudo; Ester Sabino; Marilza V. C. Rudge; Steven S. Witkin. An exploratory study of associations with spontaneous preterm birth in primigravid pregnant women with a normal cervical length. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 2021, 1 -6.
AMA StyleStephanno G. P. Sarmento, Antonio F. Moron, Larry J. Forney, Alan R. Hatanaka, Francisco H. C. Carvalho, Marcelo S. França, Tatiana K. Hamamoto, Rosiane Mattar, Iara M. Linhares, Evelyn Minis, Adriana Sañudo, Ester Sabino, Marilza V. C. Rudge, Steven S. Witkin. An exploratory study of associations with spontaneous preterm birth in primigravid pregnant women with a normal cervical length. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 2021; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStephanno G. P. Sarmento; Antonio F. Moron; Larry J. Forney; Alan R. Hatanaka; Francisco H. C. Carvalho; Marcelo S. França; Tatiana K. Hamamoto; Rosiane Mattar; Iara M. Linhares; Evelyn Minis; Adriana Sañudo; Ester Sabino; Marilza V. C. Rudge; Steven S. Witkin. 2021. "An exploratory study of associations with spontaneous preterm birth in primigravid pregnant women with a normal cervical length." The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine , no. : 1-6.
To investigate associations between bacterial species in the vagina in mid-trimester pregnant women from Brazil. The vaginal microbiome in 613 subjects was identified by analysis of the V1–V3 region of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA and the relative prevalence of individual bacteria were determined. The bacterial species present in the greatest number of women were Lactobacillus crispatus (306 women), L. iners (298 women) and Gardnerella vaginalis (179 women). When present in the vagina, L. crispatus was the most abundant bacterium more than 85% of the time. In contrast, L. iners and G. vaginalis were most abundant in 63% and 41% of women who were positive for these microorganisms, respectively (p < 0.0001 vs. L. crispatus). The proportion of L. crispatus was negatively associated with the proportions of L. iners, L. jensenii, L. gasseri, G. vaginalis, Megasphaera, Atopobium vaginae and Prevotella (p < 0.0001). In contrast, the proportion of G. vaginalis was positively associated with levels of Megasphaera, A. vaginae and Prevotella (p < 0.0001) while L. iners proportion was unrelated to the proportion of L. jensenii, G. vaginalis, Megasphaera, A. vaginae or Prevotella. The composition of the vaginal microbiota in mid-trimester pregnant women is influenced by the relative concentrations of L. crispatus, L. iners and G. vaginalis.
Steven S. Witkin; Antonio F. Moron; Iara M. Linhares; Larry J. Forney. Influence of Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus iners and Gardnerella vaginalis on bacterial vaginal composition in pregnant women. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2021, 1 -6.
AMA StyleSteven S. Witkin, Antonio F. Moron, Iara M. Linhares, Larry J. Forney. Influence of Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus iners and Gardnerella vaginalis on bacterial vaginal composition in pregnant women. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2021; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSteven S. Witkin; Antonio F. Moron; Iara M. Linhares; Larry J. Forney. 2021. "Influence of Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus iners and Gardnerella vaginalis on bacterial vaginal composition in pregnant women." Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics , no. : 1-6.
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnancy is associated with congenital neurological abnormalities. Our understanding of the full clinical spectrum of ZIKV infection is incomplete. Using data from this prospective cohort study consisting of 650 women attending a high-risk pregnancy clinic during the Zika virus outbreak in Brazil, we investigated the extent to which specific symptoms can be utilized to differentiate ZIKV-infected pregnant women from those with other pregnancy-related problems. All were tested for ZIKV in urine by RT–qPCR. Demographic and clinical data including physical symptoms during follow-up were recorded and analyzed with respect to Zika virus exposure status. Forty-eight (7.4%) women were positive for ZIKV by RT–qPCR. The majority (70.8%) were asymptomatic, and only four ZIKV-positive women (8.3%) reported symptoms during pregnancy that met the WHO case definition. Zika-positive and -negative women reported similar frequencies of ZIKV-like symptoms (as per the WHO definition): fever (16.7% vs. 13.6%), arthralgia/arthritis (10.4% vs. 11.3%), rash (4.2% vs. 5.3%), and conjunctivitis (2.1% vs. 3.2%). Most pregnant women positive for ZIKV in urine are asymptomatic and do not deliver a baby with microcephaly. Physical symptoms alone did not differentiate between high-risk pregnant women positive or negative for ZIKV.
Nuria Sanchez Clemente; Elizabeth Brickley; Marcia Furquim De Almeida; Steven Witkin; Saulo Duarte Passos; the Jundiai Zika Cohort Group. Can Zika Virus Infection in High Risk Pregnant Women Be Differentiated on the Basis of Symptoms? Viruses 2020, 12, 1263 .
AMA StyleNuria Sanchez Clemente, Elizabeth Brickley, Marcia Furquim De Almeida, Steven Witkin, Saulo Duarte Passos, the Jundiai Zika Cohort Group. Can Zika Virus Infection in High Risk Pregnant Women Be Differentiated on the Basis of Symptoms? Viruses. 2020; 12 (11):1263.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuria Sanchez Clemente; Elizabeth Brickley; Marcia Furquim De Almeida; Steven Witkin; Saulo Duarte Passos; the Jundiai Zika Cohort Group. 2020. "Can Zika Virus Infection in High Risk Pregnant Women Be Differentiated on the Basis of Symptoms?" Viruses 12, no. 11: 1263.
We sought to describe the prevalence of microcephaly and to compare the different cutoff points established by the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MoH) at various times during a Zika virus epidemic. As a secondary aim, we investigated the possible etiology of the microcephaly. This retrospective study utilized newborn participants in the Zika Cohort Study Jundiaí (ZCJ). Newborns from the ZCJ with an accurate gestational age determination and complete anthropometric data were analyzed, and microcephaly was diagnosed according to the INTERGROWTH-21st curve (IG). At delivery, fluids were tested for specific antibodies and for viruses. Brain images were evaluated for microcephaly. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to define the accuracy of different cutoff points for microcephaly diagnosis. Of 462 eligible newborns, 19 (4.1%) were positive for microcephaly. Cutoff points corresponding to the curves of the World Health Organization yielded the best sensitivity and specificity. Three of the microcephaly cases (15.8%) were positive for Zika virus infections; nine (47.4%) had intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR); one had intrauterine growth restriction and was exposed to Zika virus; three had a genetic syndrome (15.8%); and three had causes that had not been determined (15.8%). Microcephaly prevalence was 4.1% in this study. Cutoff values determined by the World Health Organization had the highest sensitivity and specificity in relation to the standard IG curve. The main reason for microcephaly was intrauterine growth restriction. All possible causes of microcephaly must be investigated to allow the best development of an affected baby.
Ana Paula Antunes Pascalicchio Bertozzi; Rosa Estela Gazeta; Thamirys Cosmo Gillo Fajardo; Antonio Fernandes Moron; Antoni Soriano-Arandes; Ana Alarcon; Alfredo Garcia-Alix; Alify Bertoldo da Silva; Nemésio Florence Filho; Stephanno Gomes Pereira Sarmento; Steven S. Witkin; Saulo Duarte Passos. Prevalence and diagnostic accuracy of microcephaly in a pediatric cohort in Brazil: A retrospective cross-sectional study. Jornal de Pediatria 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleAna Paula Antunes Pascalicchio Bertozzi, Rosa Estela Gazeta, Thamirys Cosmo Gillo Fajardo, Antonio Fernandes Moron, Antoni Soriano-Arandes, Ana Alarcon, Alfredo Garcia-Alix, Alify Bertoldo da Silva, Nemésio Florence Filho, Stephanno Gomes Pereira Sarmento, Steven S. Witkin, Saulo Duarte Passos. Prevalence and diagnostic accuracy of microcephaly in a pediatric cohort in Brazil: A retrospective cross-sectional study. Jornal de Pediatria. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Paula Antunes Pascalicchio Bertozzi; Rosa Estela Gazeta; Thamirys Cosmo Gillo Fajardo; Antonio Fernandes Moron; Antoni Soriano-Arandes; Ana Alarcon; Alfredo Garcia-Alix; Alify Bertoldo da Silva; Nemésio Florence Filho; Stephanno Gomes Pereira Sarmento; Steven S. Witkin; Saulo Duarte Passos. 2020. "Prevalence and diagnostic accuracy of microcephaly in a pediatric cohort in Brazil: A retrospective cross-sectional study." Jornal de Pediatria , no. : 1.
The use of culture‐independent assays to determine the composition of the vaginal microbiota in pregnant women has greatly improved our knowledge of the diversity and relative abundance of bacteria present. However, despite advances in bacterial gene amplification technology and computer‐assisted determination of microbial composition down to the strain level (even more specific than species), gaps remain in our knowledge of how racial, genetic and clinical factors affect vaginal microbiome composition and its sequelae.
Steven S. Witkin; Antonio F. Moron; Iara M. Linhares; Daniel W. Skupski. The vaginal microbiome in pregnant women: knowledge gaps in relation to clinical relevance. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 2020, 128, 8 -11.
AMA StyleSteven S. Witkin, Antonio F. Moron, Iara M. Linhares, Daniel W. Skupski. The vaginal microbiome in pregnant women: knowledge gaps in relation to clinical relevance. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2020; 128 (1):8-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSteven S. Witkin; Antonio F. Moron; Iara M. Linhares; Daniel W. Skupski. 2020. "The vaginal microbiome in pregnant women: knowledge gaps in relation to clinical relevance." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 128, no. 1: 8-11.
Objective Determine the presence and identity of extracellular bacteriophage (phage) families, genera and species in the vagina of pregnant women Design Descriptive, observational cohort study Setting São Paulo, Brazil Population Pregnant women at 21‐24 weeks gestation Methods Vaginal samples from 107 women whose vaginal microbiome and pregnancy outcomes were previously determined were analyzed for phages by metagenomic sequencing, Main outcome measures Identification of phage families, genera and species Results Phages were detected in 96 (89.7%) of the samples. Six different phage families were identified: Siphoviridae in 69.2%, Myoviridae in 49.5%, Microviridae in 37.4%, Podoviridae in 20.6%, Herelleviridae in 10.3% and Inviridae in 1.9% of the women. Four different phage families were present in 14 women (13.1%), 3 families in 20 women (18.7%), 2 families in 31 women (29.1%) and 1 family in 31 women (29.1%). The most common phage species detected were Bacillus phages in 48 (43.6%), Escherichia phages in 45 (40.9%), Staphylococcus phages in 40 (36.4%), Gokushovirus in 33 (30.0%) and Lactobacillus phages in 29 (26.4%) women. In a preliminary exploratory analysis, there were no associations between a particular phage family, the number of phage families present in the vagina or any particular phage species and either gestational age at delivery or the bacterial community state type present in the vagina. Conclusions Multiple phages are present in the vagina of most mid‐trimester pregnant women.
Antonio Charlys da Costa; Antonio F. Moron; Larry J. Forney; Iara M. Linhares; Ester Sabino; Silvia F. Costa; Maria C. Mendes‐ Correa; Steven S. Witkin. Identification of bacteriophages in the vagina of pregnant women: a descriptive study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 2020, 128, 976 -982.
AMA StyleAntonio Charlys da Costa, Antonio F. Moron, Larry J. Forney, Iara M. Linhares, Ester Sabino, Silvia F. Costa, Maria C. Mendes‐ Correa, Steven S. Witkin. Identification of bacteriophages in the vagina of pregnant women: a descriptive study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2020; 128 (6):976-982.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonio Charlys da Costa; Antonio F. Moron; Larry J. Forney; Iara M. Linhares; Ester Sabino; Silvia F. Costa; Maria C. Mendes‐ Correa; Steven S. Witkin. 2020. "Identification of bacteriophages in the vagina of pregnant women: a descriptive study." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 128, no. 6: 976-982.
Background We examined the association between social capital score, motivator factors and demographic and donation characteristics and donor return at three Brazilian blood centres in Recife, São Paulo and Belo Horizonte. Material and methods A total of 5974 donors were interviewed about motivation factors to donate and cognitive and structural social capital just before an effective donation in three Brazilians blood centres in 2009. We assessed the return to a new donation within 2 years for each of these donors. Demographic and donation characteristics, motivators and scores of social capital and their association with donors' return were assessed. Results Overall, 3123 (52.3%) of the study subjects returned for a blood donation at least once. Predictors of donors' return were male gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.6, 1.3‐1.9, for replacement and AOR = 1.3, 1.2‐1.6, for community donors), previous donation (AOR = 2.7, 2.3‐3.3, for replacement and AOR = 2.9, 2.5‐3.5, for community donors) and high altruism (AOR = 1.3, 1.1‐1.7, for replacement and AOR = 1.2, 1.0‐1.5, for community donors). Altruism was the only motivator associated with return behaviour. Donors from Recife and São Paulo were more likely to return for replacement and/or for community donations than donors from Belo Horizonte. There was no association between social capital score and donor return behaviour. Conclusion The likelihood to return for a subsequent blood donation is dependent upon characteristics of individual donors and also varies in different regions of Brazil. However, social capital was not associated with the likelihood of return behaviour. A better understanding of altruistic categories and appeals may help to improve donor recruitment and retention.
Fernanda G. M. D. Estrada; Claudia D. L. Oliveira; Ester C. Sabino; Brian Custer; Thelma T. Gonçalez; Edward L. Murphy; Dahra Teles; Alfredo Mendrone‐Junior; Steve S. Witkin; Cesar de Almeida‐Neto. Are different motivations and social capital score associated with return behaviour among Brazilian voluntary non‐remunerated blood donors? Transfusion Medicine 2020, 30, 255 -262.
AMA StyleFernanda G. M. D. Estrada, Claudia D. L. Oliveira, Ester C. Sabino, Brian Custer, Thelma T. Gonçalez, Edward L. Murphy, Dahra Teles, Alfredo Mendrone‐Junior, Steve S. Witkin, Cesar de Almeida‐Neto. Are different motivations and social capital score associated with return behaviour among Brazilian voluntary non‐remunerated blood donors? Transfusion Medicine. 2020; 30 (4):255-262.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernanda G. M. D. Estrada; Claudia D. L. Oliveira; Ester C. Sabino; Brian Custer; Thelma T. Gonçalez; Edward L. Murphy; Dahra Teles; Alfredo Mendrone‐Junior; Steve S. Witkin; Cesar de Almeida‐Neto. 2020. "Are different motivations and social capital score associated with return behaviour among Brazilian voluntary non‐remunerated blood donors?" Transfusion Medicine 30, no. 4: 255-262.
Factors influencing fallopian tube occlusion in women with a lower genital tract infection remain incompletely elucidated. We evaluated whether a polymorphism in the mannose-binding lectin (MBL) gene at codon 54 influences the occurrence of fallopian tube blockage in relation to exposure to Chlamydia trachomatis. In a case–control study at The Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, Brazil, 75 women with hysterosalpingography-documented tubal occlusion and 75 women with patent fallopian tubes were analyzed for detection of single-nucleotide polymorphism in codon 54 of the MBL gene and for IgG anti-C. trachomatis antibodies in their sera. Both groups were matched for age, race, and sexual variables. Prior exposure to C. trachomatis, as evidenced by the presence of IgG antibodies, was comparable in both groups. Detection of the polymorphic MBL allele was more prevalent in women with blocked tubes (p < 0.01), regardless of whether or not there was evidence of prior chlamydial exposure. The level of MBL-related innate immunity influences the consequences of infection by C. trachomatis or other microbes.
Joao G. Vinagre; Steven S. Witkin; Sergio C. Ribeiro; Renata Robial; Eiko I. Fukazawa; Carla C. Ortolani; Edmund C. Baracat; Iara Linhares. Influence of a mannose-binding lectin gene polymorphism and exposure to Chlamydia trachomatis on fallopian tube obstruction in Brazilian woman. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2019, 300, 641 -645.
AMA StyleJoao G. Vinagre, Steven S. Witkin, Sergio C. Ribeiro, Renata Robial, Eiko I. Fukazawa, Carla C. Ortolani, Edmund C. Baracat, Iara Linhares. Influence of a mannose-binding lectin gene polymorphism and exposure to Chlamydia trachomatis on fallopian tube obstruction in Brazilian woman. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2019; 300 (3):641-645.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoao G. Vinagre; Steven S. Witkin; Sergio C. Ribeiro; Renata Robial; Eiko I. Fukazawa; Carla C. Ortolani; Edmund C. Baracat; Iara Linhares. 2019. "Influence of a mannose-binding lectin gene polymorphism and exposure to Chlamydia trachomatis on fallopian tube obstruction in Brazilian woman." Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 300, no. 3: 641-645.
More than 370 million women will experience recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) during their lifetime. However, RVVC is often trivialized as clinically insignificant and not worthy of research funding. We evaluated the influence of RVVC on the quality of life in affected women. The validated World Health Organization Quality of Life Abbreviated Assessment (WHOQOL-Bref) questionnaire was administered to 100 women with RVVC and to 101 epidemiologically matched women with no history of vulvovaginal candidiasis. RVVC was defined as at least four episodes of clinical and culture-positive vaginal candidiasis within a 1 year period. Data were analyzed by Chi square, Student t test and analysis of variance. Internal consistency of responses to questions was evaluated by Cronbach alpha. The Cronbach alpha coefficient was > 0.80 for responses to generalized questions and > 0.65 for answers to more specific questions, indicating substantial internal consistency. Perception of quality of life and satisfaction with their health was greatly reduced in the RVVC group (p < 0.001). Diminished responses to physical and psychological well-being were also reported by women with RVVC (p < 0.001). Various aspects of social relations including sexual activity were similarly reduced (p < 0.001) as were satisfaction with issues such as home environment, financial resources and employment (p < 0.001). RVVC affects multiple aspects of a woman’s well-being. Women with this condition deserve serious attention from clinicians and research into susceptibility, prevention and treatment of this infection deserves much greater emphasis.
Eiko I. Fukazawa; Steven S. Witkin; Renata Robial; João G. Vinagre; Edmund C. Baracat; Iara Linhares. Influence of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis on quality of life issues. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2019, 300, 647 -650.
AMA StyleEiko I. Fukazawa, Steven S. Witkin, Renata Robial, João G. Vinagre, Edmund C. Baracat, Iara Linhares. Influence of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis on quality of life issues. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2019; 300 (3):647-650.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEiko I. Fukazawa; Steven S. Witkin; Renata Robial; João G. Vinagre; Edmund C. Baracat; Iara Linhares. 2019. "Influence of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis on quality of life issues." Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 300, no. 3: 647-650.
We characterized the 24 nearly full-length genomes of human parechoviruses (PeV) from children in the north of Brazil. The initial phylogenetic analysis indicated that 17 strains belonged to genotype 1, 5 to genotype 4, and 1 to genotype 17. A more detailed analysis revealed a high frequency of recombinant strains (58%): A total of 14 of our PeV-As were chimeric, with four distinct recombination patterns identified. Five strains were composed of genotypes 1 and 5 (Rec1/5); five strains shared a complex mosaic pattern formed by genotypes 4, 5, and 17 (Rec4/17/5); two strains were composed of genotypes 1 and 17 (Rec1/17); and two strains were composed of genotype 1 and an undetermined strain (Rec1/und). Coalescent analysis based on the Vp1 gene, which is free of recombination, indicated that the recombinant strains most likely arose in this region approximately 30 years ago. They are present in high frequencies and are circulating in different small and isolated cities in the state of Tocantins. Further studies will be needed to establish whether the detected recombinant strains have been replacing parental strains or if they are co-circulating in distinct frequencies in Tocantins.
Élcio Leal; Adriana Luchs; Flávio Augusto De Pádua Milagres; Shirley Vasconcelos Komninakis; Danielle Elise Gill; Márcia Cristina Alves Brito Sayão Lobato; Rafael Brustulin; Rogério Togisaki Das Chagas; Maria De Fátima Neves Dos Santos Abrão; Cássia Vitória De Deus Alves Soares; Fabiola Villanova; Steven S. Witkin; Xutao Deng; Ester Cerdeira Sabino; Eric Delwart; Antônio Charlys Da Costa. Recombinant Strains of Human Parechovirus in Rural Areas in the North of Brazil. Viruses 2019, 11, 488 .
AMA StyleÉlcio Leal, Adriana Luchs, Flávio Augusto De Pádua Milagres, Shirley Vasconcelos Komninakis, Danielle Elise Gill, Márcia Cristina Alves Brito Sayão Lobato, Rafael Brustulin, Rogério Togisaki Das Chagas, Maria De Fátima Neves Dos Santos Abrão, Cássia Vitória De Deus Alves Soares, Fabiola Villanova, Steven S. Witkin, Xutao Deng, Ester Cerdeira Sabino, Eric Delwart, Antônio Charlys Da Costa. Recombinant Strains of Human Parechovirus in Rural Areas in the North of Brazil. Viruses. 2019; 11 (6):488.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÉlcio Leal; Adriana Luchs; Flávio Augusto De Pádua Milagres; Shirley Vasconcelos Komninakis; Danielle Elise Gill; Márcia Cristina Alves Brito Sayão Lobato; Rafael Brustulin; Rogério Togisaki Das Chagas; Maria De Fátima Neves Dos Santos Abrão; Cássia Vitória De Deus Alves Soares; Fabiola Villanova; Steven S. Witkin; Xutao Deng; Ester Cerdeira Sabino; Eric Delwart; Antônio Charlys Da Costa. 2019. "Recombinant Strains of Human Parechovirus in Rural Areas in the North of Brazil." Viruses 11, no. 6: 488.
Background and Objectives: To investigate if pregnancies conceived using an oocyte donor necessitate an alteration in immune regulation, we compared concentrations of insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-1, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3) in women with ongoing successful twin pregnancies conceived spontaneously, using assisted reproductive technologies that utilized homologous oocytes or with donor oocytes. Differences in levels of these immune modulatory proteins may be magnified and easier to detect in twin as compared to singleton pregnancies. Methods: In this prospective study IGFBP-1 and IGF-1 were measured in sera and Tim-3 in lysates of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by ELISA. Results: Median IGFBP-1 levels were lower in women with donor oocytes (41.4 ng/ml) as compared to those with a spontaneous conception (51.2 ng/mL) or who conceived with various assisted reproduction protocols using homologous oocytes (52.4 ng/mL) (p < 0.001). IGF-1 and Tim-3 levels were comparable in each group. The IGFBP-1 level was inversely correlated to the IGF-1 concentration only in women with donor oocytes (p = 0.032). IGFBP-1 and Tim-3 levels were similarly negatively correlated in the donor oocyte group (p = 0. 012). Women in the assisted reproduction group who conceived following intracytoplasmic sperm injection were the only other group in which IGFBP-1 and Tim-3 were negatively correlated (p = 0.018). Conclusions: Down-regulation of IGFBP-1 production in pregnancies conceived with donor oocytes may reduce the extent of pro-inflammatory immunity and contribute to successful outcome in totally allogeneic pregnancies.
Giovanni Sisti; Mariarosaria Di Tommaso; Sara Paccosi; Astrid Parenti; Viola Seravalli; Roberta Cuzzola; Steven S. Witkin. Unique Associations between Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-1, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and T Cell Immunoglobulin Mucin 3 in Successful Twin Pregnancies Conceived with Donor Oocytes. Medicina 2019, 55, 144 .
AMA StyleGiovanni Sisti, Mariarosaria Di Tommaso, Sara Paccosi, Astrid Parenti, Viola Seravalli, Roberta Cuzzola, Steven S. Witkin. Unique Associations between Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-1, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and T Cell Immunoglobulin Mucin 3 in Successful Twin Pregnancies Conceived with Donor Oocytes. Medicina. 2019; 55 (5):144.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanni Sisti; Mariarosaria Di Tommaso; Sara Paccosi; Astrid Parenti; Viola Seravalli; Roberta Cuzzola; Steven S. Witkin. 2019. "Unique Associations between Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-1, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and T Cell Immunoglobulin Mucin 3 in Successful Twin Pregnancies Conceived with Donor Oocytes." Medicina 55, no. 5: 144.
There remains a need to differentiate between women with a benign or a malignant adnexal mass prior to surgery. As part of an ongoing evaluation of vaginal fluid compounds as potential tumor biomarkers we evaluated whether vaginal lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) predicted the subsequent diagnosis of a malignant adnexal mass. In this prospective pilot study vaginal fluid was obtained from 100 post-menopausal women referred for evaluation of a suspicious adnexal mass and tested for LPA by ELISA. Clinical data and serum CA125 results were obtained only after completion of all laboratory testing. Twenty eight of the women were subsequently diagnosed with an ovarian malignancy, four had a borderline tumor and 68 had a benign diagnosis. Among women with a malignant ovarian mass, 11 (39.3%) had an endometrioid adenocarcinoma +/− Clear cell tumor components, 6 (21.4%) had a high grade serous carcinoma, 3 (10.7%) had a mucinous tumor, 2 each (7.1%) had a malignant mixed mesodermal or a granulosa tumor and 1 each (3.6%) had a Clear cell tumor, a mixed cell tumor, leimyosarcoma or metastatic adrenal tumor. Compared to the median vaginal LPA level in women with benign lesions (1.5 μM), LPA was significantly elevated only in women with endometrioid ovarian cancer (7.9 μM) (p = 0.0137). Of the 6 endometrioid tumors in which values for both plasma CA125 and vaginal LPA were available 5 were positive only for LPA while one was only CA125 positive. Detection of LPA in vaginal secretions may be of value for the noninvasive diagnosis of endometrioid ovarian malignancies in post-menopausal women.
Evelyn Minis; Kevin Holcomb; Giovanni Sisti; Dimitrios Nasioudis; Tomi T. Kanninen; Aikaterini Athanasiou; Melissa K. Frey; Eloise Chapman-Davis; Thomas A. Caputo; Steven S. Witkin. Evaluation of lysophosphatidic acid in vaginal fluid as a biomarker for ovarian cancer: A pilot study. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology: X 2019, 2, 100012 .
AMA StyleEvelyn Minis, Kevin Holcomb, Giovanni Sisti, Dimitrios Nasioudis, Tomi T. Kanninen, Aikaterini Athanasiou, Melissa K. Frey, Eloise Chapman-Davis, Thomas A. Caputo, Steven S. Witkin. Evaluation of lysophosphatidic acid in vaginal fluid as a biomarker for ovarian cancer: A pilot study. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology: X. 2019; 2 ():100012.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEvelyn Minis; Kevin Holcomb; Giovanni Sisti; Dimitrios Nasioudis; Tomi T. Kanninen; Aikaterini Athanasiou; Melissa K. Frey; Eloise Chapman-Davis; Thomas A. Caputo; Steven S. Witkin. 2019. "Evaluation of lysophosphatidic acid in vaginal fluid as a biomarker for ovarian cancer: A pilot study." European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology: X 2, no. : 100012.
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) influences the acetylation status of histones at gene promotor loci, providing an epigenetic mechanism that regulates gene expression. We determined if variations in the composition of the vaginal microbiome in pregnant women were associated with alterations in the level of HDAC1 in vaginal epithelial cells and whether this influenced the concentration of compounds present in vaginal fluid. Vaginal epithelial cells were obtained from 150 women in their first trimester of pregnancy, lysed and assayed for HDAC1 by ELISA. Composition of the vaginal microbiome was determined by classification of sequences amplified from the V1-V3 region of bacterial ribosomal 16S rRNA genes. Vaginal secretions were assayed for total protein, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, the 70kDa heat shock protein (hsp70) and the D- and L-lactic acid isomers. Lactobacilli were numerically dominant in 119 (79.3%) of the women, with Lactobacillus crispatus being the most prevalent (45.3% of women). Gardnerella was the most prevalent non-Lactobacillus species (10.7% of women). The median HDAC1 level in epithelial cells was 6.1 ng/ml when lactobacilli predominated vs. 20.5 ng/ml when non-lactobacilli were dominant (p = 0.0039). Levels were lowest when L. crispatus was dominant (3.8 ng/ml) and highest with Streptococcus dominance (38.1 ng/ml). The concentration of HDAC1 was negatively correlated with the D-lactic acid level (p = 0.0183) and positively correlated with concentrations of MMP-8 and hsp70 (p<0.0001) in the vaginal fluid. We propose that the composition of the vaginal microbiome and level of D-lactic acid, by influencing the HDAC1 level in vaginal epithelial cells, may epigenetically contribute to variations in the concentration of compounds in vaginal fluid.
Steven S Witkin; Dimitrios Nasioudis; Julie Leizer; Evelyn Minis; Allison Boester; Larry J Forney. Epigenetics and the vaginal microbiome: influence of the microbiota on the histone deacetylase level in vaginal epithelial cells from pregnant women. Minerva Ginecologica 2019, 71, 171 -175.
AMA StyleSteven S Witkin, Dimitrios Nasioudis, Julie Leizer, Evelyn Minis, Allison Boester, Larry J Forney. Epigenetics and the vaginal microbiome: influence of the microbiota on the histone deacetylase level in vaginal epithelial cells from pregnant women. Minerva Ginecologica. 2019; 71 (2):171-175.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSteven S Witkin; Dimitrios Nasioudis; Julie Leizer; Evelyn Minis; Allison Boester; Larry J Forney. 2019. "Epigenetics and the vaginal microbiome: influence of the microbiota on the histone deacetylase level in vaginal epithelial cells from pregnant women." Minerva Ginecologica 71, no. 2: 171-175.
Advancements in next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics have expanded our knowledge of the diversity of viruses (pathogens and non-pathogens) harbored by mosquitoes. Hubei reo-like virus 7 (HRLV 7) was recently detected by the virome analysis of fecal samples from migratory birds in Australia. We now report the detection of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase sequences of HRLV 7 in pools of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes species from the Brazilian Amazon forest. Phylogenetic inferences indicated that all HRLV 7 strains fall within the same independent clade. In addition, HRLV 7 shared a close ancestral lineage with the Dinovernavirus genus of the Reoviridae family. Our findings indicate that HRLV 7 is present in two species of mosquitoes.
Geovani De Oliveira Ribeiro; Fred Julio Costa Monteiro; Marlisson Octavio Da S Rego; Edcelha Soares D’Athaide Ribeiro; Daniela Funayama De Castro; Marcos Montani Caseiro; Robson Dos Santos Souza Marinho; Shirley Vasconcelos Komninakis; Steven S. Witkin; Xutao Deng; Eric Delwart; Ester Cerdeira Sabino; Antonio Charlys Da Costa; Élcio Leal. Detection of RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase of Hubei Reo-Like Virus 7 by Next-Generation Sequencing in Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus Mosquitoes from Brazil. Viruses 2019, 11, 147 .
AMA StyleGeovani De Oliveira Ribeiro, Fred Julio Costa Monteiro, Marlisson Octavio Da S Rego, Edcelha Soares D’Athaide Ribeiro, Daniela Funayama De Castro, Marcos Montani Caseiro, Robson Dos Santos Souza Marinho, Shirley Vasconcelos Komninakis, Steven S. Witkin, Xutao Deng, Eric Delwart, Ester Cerdeira Sabino, Antonio Charlys Da Costa, Élcio Leal. Detection of RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase of Hubei Reo-Like Virus 7 by Next-Generation Sequencing in Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus Mosquitoes from Brazil. Viruses. 2019; 11 (2):147.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeovani De Oliveira Ribeiro; Fred Julio Costa Monteiro; Marlisson Octavio Da S Rego; Edcelha Soares D’Athaide Ribeiro; Daniela Funayama De Castro; Marcos Montani Caseiro; Robson Dos Santos Souza Marinho; Shirley Vasconcelos Komninakis; Steven S. Witkin; Xutao Deng; Eric Delwart; Ester Cerdeira Sabino; Antonio Charlys Da Costa; Élcio Leal. 2019. "Detection of RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase of Hubei Reo-Like Virus 7 by Next-Generation Sequencing in Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus Mosquitoes from Brazil." Viruses 11, no. 2: 147.