When an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patient receives cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the emergency department (ED), blood laboratory test results can be obtained by using point-of-care testing during CPR. In the present study, the relationship between blood laboratory test results during CPR and outcomes of OHCA patients was investigated. This study was a multicenter retrospective analysis of prospective registered data that included 2716 OHCA patients. Data from the EDs of three university hospitals in different areas were collected from January 2009 to December 2014. Univariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to elucidate the factors associated with survival to discharge and neurological outcomes. A final analysis was conducted by including patients who had no prehospital return of spontaneous circulation and those who underwent rapid blood laboratory examination during CPR. Overall, 2229 OHCA patients were included in the final analysis. Among them, the rate of survival to discharge and a good Cerebral Performance Categories Scale score were 14% and 4.4%, respectively. The pH level was independently related to survival to hospital discharge (adjusted OR 6.287, 95% CI 2.601–15.197; p < 0.001) and good neurological recovery (adjusted OR 15.395, 95% CI 3.439–68.911; p < 0.001). None of the neurologically intact patients had low pH levels (< 6.8) or excessive potassium levels (> 8.5 mEq/L) during CPR. Among the blood laboratory test results during CPR of OHCA patients, pH and potassium levels were observed as independent factors associated with survival to hospital discharge, and pH level was considered as an independent factor related to neurological recovery.

We aimed to compare rescuer fatigue and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality between standard 30:2 CPR (ST-CPR) and chest compression only CPR (CO-CPR) performed for 8 minutes on a realistic manikin by following the 2010 CPR guidelines. All 36 volunteers (laypersons; 18 men and 18 women) were randomized to ST-CPR or CO-CPR at first, and then each CPR technique was performed for 8 minutes with a 3-hour rest interval. We measured the mean blood pressure (MBP) of the volunteers before and after performing each CPR technique, and continuously monitored the heart rate (HR) of the volunteers during each CPR technique using the MRx monitor. CPR quality measures included the depth of chest compression (CC) and the number of adequate CCs per minute. The adequate CC rate significantly differed between the 2 groups after 2 minutes, with it being higher in the ST-CPR group than in the CO-CPR group. Additionally, the adequate CC rate significantly differed between the 2 groups during 8 minutes for male volunteers (p =0.012). The number of adequate CCs was higher in the ST-CPR group than in the CO-CPR group after 3 minutes (p =0.001). The change in MBP before and after performing CPR did not differ between the 2 groups. However, the change in HR during 8 minutes of CPR was higher in the CO-CPR group than in the ST-CPR group (p =0.007). The rate and number of adequate CCs were significantly lower with the CO-CPR than with the ST-CPR after 2 and 6 minutes, respectively, and performer fatigue was higher with the CO-CPR than with the ST-CPR during 8 minutes of CPR.

Pentacene organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) with low-$k$ and high-$k$ hybrid gate dielectrics by $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{F}}_4$ plasma treatment exhibited excellent device performance with field effect mobilities (maximum $1.41{\mathrm{cm}}^2∕\mathrm{V}\mathrm{s}$ ), a low threshold voltage of $+1\mathrm{V}$ , and on/off current ratios of ${10}^5$ at $-5\mathrm{V}$ gate bias. After $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{F}}_4$ plasma treatment, fluorine atoms diffuse into the interior low-$k$ polymer and eliminate ionic impurities which reduce the leakage current density and overall pentacene initial growth on the superhydrophobic surface is significantly improved. It seems apparent that proper surface treatment is desirable for higher quality pentacene film and improving the performance of OTFTs.