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Zhi Cai
School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

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Journal article
Published: 23 February 2021 in Building and Environment
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The outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in early 2020 reduced human outdoor activities and changed the spatial-temporal distribution of the population. To find its changes on the impact of urban thermal environment, we applied Pearson correlation analysis and OLS linear regression model from the perspective of urban land use and the local climate zone (LCZ) scheme, and selected Wuhan City in China as a case study. The results showed that the population size decreased in most urban land use and LCZ classes due to the Spring Festival and epidemic effects, which caused residents to leave Wuhan City. As a result, the normalized surface urban heat island changes (SUHInc) decreased by 9.41% at the city level, and a larger SUHInc occurred in commercial and industrial land. Among the LCZ classes, the built-up classes also tended to have a larger SUHInc than the natural land cover classes. However, the population size and human outdoor activity changes did not modify the spatial distribution of the urban thermal environment, because the same trends were observed for various urban land use and LCZ classes, which illustrated that the contribution of anthropogenic heat discharge on the urban thermal environment is relatively weaker. The above findings imply that it is necessary to apply different methods for various urban land uses and alleviate urban heat island.

ACS Style

Zhi Cai; Yan Tang; Qingming Zhan. A cooled city? Comparing human activity changes on the impact of urban thermal environment before and after city-wide lockdown. Building and Environment 2021, 195, 107729 .

AMA Style

Zhi Cai, Yan Tang, Qingming Zhan. A cooled city? Comparing human activity changes on the impact of urban thermal environment before and after city-wide lockdown. Building and Environment. 2021; 195 ():107729.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhi Cai; Yan Tang; Qingming Zhan. 2021. "A cooled city? Comparing human activity changes on the impact of urban thermal environment before and after city-wide lockdown." Building and Environment 195, no. : 107729.

Journal article
Published: 12 June 2020 in Sustainable Cities and Society
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In recent years, frequent heat waves have severely reduced the quality of human settlements in big cities. To reveal the influence of urban spatial form on land surface temperature (LST) in mountainous cities, Chongqing city in China was selected as a case study. The quantitative relationships between five urban spatial form factors and LST are analyzed, such as sky view factor (SVF), urban surface roughness (USR), road surface area density (RSD), building density (BD) and floor area ratio (FAR). The results showed that the spatial scale influence their correlations. Most urban spatial form factors have a significant positive relationship with LST, besides FAR. The various regression results have also shown that spatial regression models (Spatial lag model, Spatial error model and General spatial model) are working better than OLS model, due to the reason that some of the urban spatial form factors have spatial spillover and spatial heterogeneity effect. Besides the spatial effect, the unique topography of mountainous city also has an impact on LST, such as the slope, aspect and underlying surface. Therefore, the planners should consider those differences in mountainous cities, and using different methods to mitigate UHI and making the city cope with climate change.

ACS Style

Jianming Guo; Guifeng Han; Yusi Xie; Zhi Cai; Yifan Zhao. Exploring the relationships between urban spatial form factors and land surface temperature in mountainous area: A case study in Chongqing city, China. Sustainable Cities and Society 2020, 61, 102286 .

AMA Style

Jianming Guo, Guifeng Han, Yusi Xie, Zhi Cai, Yifan Zhao. Exploring the relationships between urban spatial form factors and land surface temperature in mountainous area: A case study in Chongqing city, China. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2020; 61 ():102286.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jianming Guo; Guifeng Han; Yusi Xie; Zhi Cai; Yifan Zhao. 2020. "Exploring the relationships between urban spatial form factors and land surface temperature in mountainous area: A case study in Chongqing city, China." Sustainable Cities and Society 61, no. : 102286.

Journal article
Published: 05 April 2019 in Sustainability
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Frequent and extreme heat waves have strongly influenced the sustainable development of cities and resulted in a higher level of mortality in residents. Using the Local Climate Zone (LCZ) classification scheme, combined with the factors of land surface temperature (LST), building age (BA), and housing price (HP), and the normalized values of which represent heat exposure, sensitivity, and adaptability, respectively, this paper investigates a practical method for assessing the heat vulnerability of different LCZ classes in the old areas of a Chinese megacity, taking the Yuzhong district of Chongqing city as a case study. The results reveal that the distribution of LCZ classes in this study area exhibits a typical circle-layer distribution pattern from the city center to the suburbs. Heavy industry areas are the most vulnerable, with the highest exposure to heat waves, the oldest building age and the lowest housing price. Compact class areas (compact high-rise, compact mid-rise and compact low-rise) are usually more vulnerable than open class areas (open high-rise, open mid-rise, and open low-rise) and low-rise buildings are always more susceptible to heat waves than mid-rise and high-rise buildings. The methods and findings can help us to better understand the comprehensive and space–time action rules of heat vulnerability, thereby inspiring scientific and rational urban planning strategies to mitigate or adapt to urban heat weaves towards the sustainable development of cities and society.

ACS Style

Zhi Cai; Yan Tang; Kai Chen; Guifeng Han. Assessing the Heat Vulnerability of Different Local Climate Zones in the Old Areas of a Chinese Megacity. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2032 .

AMA Style

Zhi Cai, Yan Tang, Kai Chen, Guifeng Han. Assessing the Heat Vulnerability of Different Local Climate Zones in the Old Areas of a Chinese Megacity. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (7):2032.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhi Cai; Yan Tang; Kai Chen; Guifeng Han. 2019. "Assessing the Heat Vulnerability of Different Local Climate Zones in the Old Areas of a Chinese Megacity." Sustainability 11, no. 7: 2032.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2018 in Sustainable Cities and Society
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ACS Style

Zhi Cai; Guifeng Han; Mingchun Chen. Do water bodies play an important role in the relationship between urban form and land surface temperature? Sustainable Cities and Society 2018, 39, 487 -498.

AMA Style

Zhi Cai, Guifeng Han, Mingchun Chen. Do water bodies play an important role in the relationship between urban form and land surface temperature? Sustainable Cities and Society. 2018; 39 ():487-498.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhi Cai; Guifeng Han; Mingchun Chen. 2018. "Do water bodies play an important role in the relationship between urban form and land surface temperature?" Sustainable Cities and Society 39, no. : 487-498.