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The present study was aimed at investigating the effects of sodium butyrate and sodium β-hydroxybutyrate on lactation and health of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate (HC) diet. Eighty mid-lactation dairy cows with an average milk yield of 33.75 ± 5.22 kg/d were randomly allocated to four groups (n = 20 per group) and were fed either a low-concentrate (LC) diet, a HC diet, the HC diet with 1% sodium butyrate (HCSB), or the HC diet with 1% sodium β-hydroxybutyrate (HCHB). The feeding trial lasted for 7 weeks, with a 2-week adaptation period and a 5-week measurement period, and the trial started from 96 ± 13 d in milk. Sodium butyrate supplementation delayed the decline in milk production and improved milk synthesis efficiency and milk fat content. Additionally, it decreased the proinflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins (APPs) in plasma, the leucocytes in blood, the somatic cell count (SCC) in milk, and the gene expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and proinflammatory cytokines in the mammary gland, due to decreasing the contents of bacterial cell wall components (lipopolysaccharide, LPS; peptidoglycan, PGN; and lipoteichoic acid, LTA) in the rumen and plasma, compared with the HC diet. Sodium β-hydroxybutyrate supplementation also improved milk yield, milk synthesis efficiency and milk fat content and partially reduced the adverse effects caused by the HC diet, but it had no effect on decreasing bacterial cell wall components in the rumen and plasma, compared with the HC diet. Collectively, both sodium butyrate and sodium β-hydroxybutyrate mitigated the negative effects of HC diet on lactation and health of dairy cows, with sodium butyrate being more effective than sodium β-hydroxybutyrate.
Yongjiang Wu; Yawang Sun; Ruiming Zhang; Tianle He; Guohao Huang; Ke Tian; Junhui Liu; Juncai Chen; Guozhong Dong. Sodium Butyrate More Effectively Mitigates the Negative Effects of High-Concentrate Diet in Dairy Cows than Sodium β-Hydroxybutyrate via Reducing Free Bacterial Cell Wall Components in Rumen Fluid and Plasma. Toxins 2021, 13, 352 .
AMA StyleYongjiang Wu, Yawang Sun, Ruiming Zhang, Tianle He, Guohao Huang, Ke Tian, Junhui Liu, Juncai Chen, Guozhong Dong. Sodium Butyrate More Effectively Mitigates the Negative Effects of High-Concentrate Diet in Dairy Cows than Sodium β-Hydroxybutyrate via Reducing Free Bacterial Cell Wall Components in Rumen Fluid and Plasma. Toxins. 2021; 13 (5):352.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYongjiang Wu; Yawang Sun; Ruiming Zhang; Tianle He; Guohao Huang; Ke Tian; Junhui Liu; Juncai Chen; Guozhong Dong. 2021. "Sodium Butyrate More Effectively Mitigates the Negative Effects of High-Concentrate Diet in Dairy Cows than Sodium β-Hydroxybutyrate via Reducing Free Bacterial Cell Wall Components in Rumen Fluid and Plasma." Toxins 13, no. 5: 352.
CircRNAs are a class of endogenous noncoding RNA molecules with closed loop structures. They are mainly responsible for regulating gene expression in eukaryotic cells. With the emergence of high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and new types of bioinformatics tools, thousands of circRNAs have been discovered, making circRNA one of the research hotspots. Recent studies have shown that circRNAs play an important regulatory role in the growth, reproduction, and formation of livestock products. They can not only regulate mammalian fetal growth and development but also have important regulatory effects on livestock muscle development and lactation. In this review, we briefly introduce the putative biogenic pathways and regulatory functions of circRNA and highlight our understanding of circRNA and its latest advances in fetal development, muscle development, and lactation biogenesis as well as expression in livestock. This review will provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of related industries.
Tianle He; Qingyun Chen; Ke Tian; Yinzhao Xia; Guozhong Dong; Zhenguo Yang. Functional Role of circRNAs in the Regulation of Fetal Development, Muscle Development, and Lactation in Livestock. BioMed Research International 2021, 2021, 1 -9.
AMA StyleTianle He, Qingyun Chen, Ke Tian, Yinzhao Xia, Guozhong Dong, Zhenguo Yang. Functional Role of circRNAs in the Regulation of Fetal Development, Muscle Development, and Lactation in Livestock. BioMed Research International. 2021; 2021 ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTianle He; Qingyun Chen; Ke Tian; Yinzhao Xia; Guozhong Dong; Zhenguo Yang. 2021. "Functional Role of circRNAs in the Regulation of Fetal Development, Muscle Development, and Lactation in Livestock." BioMed Research International 2021, no. : 1-9.
The mammary gland of the cow is particularly susceptible to infections of a wide range of pathogenic bacteria, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The endotoxins of these pathogenic bacteria include peptidoglycan (PGN), lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and they are the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to induce mastitis. LPS can directly inhibit proliferation and milk fat synthesis of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) while inducing mastitis, but it is unclear whether PGN and LTA also have such effects. Furthermore, since the three PAMPs usually appear simultaneously in the udder of cows with mastitis, their synergistic effects on proliferation and milk fat synthesis of BMECs are worth investigating. The immortalized BMECs (MAC-T cells) were stimulated for 24 h using various concentrations of PGN, LTA and LPS, respectively, to determine the doses that could effectively cause inflammatory responses. Next, the cells were stimulated for 24 h with no endotoxins (CON), PGN, LTA, LPS, PGN + LTA, and PGN + LTA + LPS, respectively, with the predetermined doses to analyze their effects on proliferation and milk fat synthesis of BMECs. PGN, LTA and LPS successfully induced inflammatory responses of BMECs with doses of 30, 30 and 0.1 μg/mL, respectively. Although the proliferation of BMECs was significantly inhibited in the following order: LTA < PGN + LTA < PGN + LTA + LPS, there was no change in cell morphology and cell death. LTA significantly promoted the expression of fatty acid synthesis-related genes but did not change the content of intracellular triglyceride (TG), compared with the CON group. The mRNA expression of fatty acid synthesis-related genes in the LPS group was the lowest among all the groups. Meanwhile, LPS significantly decreased the content of intracellular non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and TG, compared with the CON group. PGN had no effects on milk fat synthesis. Co-stimulation with PGN, LTA and LPS significantly increased the expression of fat acid synthesis-related genes and the intracellular NEFAs, but decreased intracellular TG, compared with sole LPS stimulation. Collectively, PGN, LTA and LPS showed an additive effect on inhibiting proliferation of BMECs. The promoting role of LTA in fatty acid synthesis might offset the negative effects of LPS in this regard, but co-stimulation with PGN, LTA and LPS significantly decreased intracellular TG content.
Yongjiang Wu; Yawang Sun; Zhu Zhang; Juncai Chen; Guozhong Dong. Effects of Peptidoglycan, Lipoteichoic Acid and Lipopolysaccharide on Inflammation, Proliferation and Milk Fat Synthesis in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Toxins 2020, 12, 497 .
AMA StyleYongjiang Wu, Yawang Sun, Zhu Zhang, Juncai Chen, Guozhong Dong. Effects of Peptidoglycan, Lipoteichoic Acid and Lipopolysaccharide on Inflammation, Proliferation and Milk Fat Synthesis in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Toxins. 2020; 12 (8):497.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYongjiang Wu; Yawang Sun; Zhu Zhang; Juncai Chen; Guozhong Dong. 2020. "Effects of Peptidoglycan, Lipoteichoic Acid and Lipopolysaccharide on Inflammation, Proliferation and Milk Fat Synthesis in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells." Toxins 12, no. 8: 497.
In practical dairy production, cows are frequently subjected to inflammatory diseases, such as high-grain diet-induced subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) as well as mastitis and metritis. Under the circumstances, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces oxidative stress within the cow and in the mammary epithelial cells. It has implications in practical production to alleviate oxidative stress and to optimize the lactational function of the mammary epithelial cells. This study thus aimed to investigate the antioxidative effects of dandelion aqueous extract (DAE) on LPS-induced oxidative stress and the mechanism of DAE as an antioxidant to alleviate oxidative stress through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway in the bovine mammary epithelial cell line MAC-T cells. The cells were cultured for 48 h in six treatments including control (without LPS and DAE), LPS (100 ng/mL), DAE10 (100 ng/mL LPS and 10 μg/mL DAE), DAE50 (100 ng/mL LPS and 50 μg/mL DAE), DAE100 (100 ng/mL LPS and 100 μg/mL DAE), and DAE200 (100 ng/mL LPS and 200 μg/mL DAE), respectively. The results showed that cell viability was reduced by LPS, and the adverse effect of LPS was suppressed with the supplementation of DAE. Lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress through enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, resulted in increases in oxidative damage marker concentrations, while 10 and 50 μg/mL DAE alleviated the LPS-induced oxidative stress via scavenging cellular ROS and improving antioxidant enzyme activity. The upregulation of antioxidative gene expression in DAE treatments was promoted through activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway, with DAE at a concentration of 50 μg/mL exhibiting the highest effect. Overall, DAE acted as an effective antioxidant to inhibit LPS-induced oxidative stress and as a potential inducer of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Yawang Sun; Yongjiang Wu; Zili Wang; Juncai Chen; You Yang; Guozhong Dong. Dandelion Extract Alleviated Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Oxidative Stress through the Nrf2 Pathway in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Toxins 2020, 12, 496 .
AMA StyleYawang Sun, Yongjiang Wu, Zili Wang, Juncai Chen, You Yang, Guozhong Dong. Dandelion Extract Alleviated Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Oxidative Stress through the Nrf2 Pathway in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Toxins. 2020; 12 (8):496.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYawang Sun; Yongjiang Wu; Zili Wang; Juncai Chen; You Yang; Guozhong Dong. 2020. "Dandelion Extract Alleviated Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Oxidative Stress through the Nrf2 Pathway in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells." Toxins 12, no. 8: 496.
Mastitis is usually caused by a variety of pathogenic bacteria that include both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) of Gram-negative bacteria, and peptidoglycan (PGN) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) are those of Gram-positive bacteria. The effects of LPS, PGN and/or LTA on inflammatory response and lactation in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) are well studied, but the epigenetic mechanisms of their effects received less attention. Furthermore, since the three PAMPs are often simultaneously present in the udder of cows with mastitis, it has implications in practice to study their additive effects. The results show that co-stimulation of bovine mammary epithelial cells with PGN, LTA, and LPS induced a higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and greater expressions of inflammatory factors including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)1, and CXCL6. In addition, co-stimulation further increased DNA hypomethylation compared with sole LPS stimulation. Co-stimulation greatly decreased casein expression but did not further decrease histone acetylation levels and affect the activity of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC), compared with sole LPS stimulation. Collectively, this study demonstrated that PGN, LTA, and LPS had an additive effect on inducing transcriptome changes and inflammatory responses in BMECs, probably through inducing a greater decrease in DNA methylation. Co-stimulation with PGN, LTA, and LPS decreased casein expression to a greater degree, but it might not be linked to histone acetylation and HAT and HDAC activity.
Yongjiang Wu; Yawang Sun; Xianwen Dong; Jingbo Chen; Zili Wang; Juncai Chen; Guozhong Dong. The Synergism of PGN, LTA and LPS in Inducing Transcriptome Changes, Inflammatory Responses and a Decrease in Lactation as Well as the Associated Epigenetic Mechanisms in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Toxins 2020, 12, 387 .
AMA StyleYongjiang Wu, Yawang Sun, Xianwen Dong, Jingbo Chen, Zili Wang, Juncai Chen, Guozhong Dong. The Synergism of PGN, LTA and LPS in Inducing Transcriptome Changes, Inflammatory Responses and a Decrease in Lactation as Well as the Associated Epigenetic Mechanisms in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Toxins. 2020; 12 (6):387.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYongjiang Wu; Yawang Sun; Xianwen Dong; Jingbo Chen; Zili Wang; Juncai Chen; Guozhong Dong. 2020. "The Synergism of PGN, LTA and LPS in Inducing Transcriptome Changes, Inflammatory Responses and a Decrease in Lactation as Well as the Associated Epigenetic Mechanisms in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells." Toxins 12, no. 6: 387.
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) are the most common pathogens of mastitis, and S. aureus generally causes subclinical mastitis which is more persistent and resistant to treatment. Peptidoglycan (PGN) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) are cell wall components of S. aureus. Although the roles of PGN and LTA in causing inflammation are well studied, the epigenetic mechanisms of the effects of PGN and LTA on the inflammation and lactation remain poorly understood. This study characterized the gene expression profiling by RNA sequencing and investigated DNA methylation and histone acetylation in relation to inflammation and lactation in the immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T). The cells were cultured for 24 h with neither PGN nor LTA (CON), PGN (30 μg/mL), LTA (30 μg/mL), and PGN (30 μg/mL) + LTA (30 μg/mL), respectively. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the expression of proinflammatory factors including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)1, and CXCL6 of the treatments increased in the following order: CON < PGN < LTA < PGN + LTA, and the DEGs mainly enriched on the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and chemokine signaling pathway. LTA and PGN + LTA induced hypomethylation of global DNA by suppressing DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity. PGN and LTA, alone or combined, decreased the mRNA expression of casein genes (CSN1S1, CSN2, and CSN3) and the expression of two caseins (CSN2 and CSN3), and reduced histone H3 acetylation by suppressing histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity and promoting histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. Collectively, this study revealed that PGN and LTA induced inflammation probably due to decreasing DNA methylation through regulating DNMT activity, and decreased lactation possibly through reducing histone H3 acetylation by regulating HAT and HDAC activity in bovine mammary epithelial cells.
Yongjiang Wu; Jingbo Chen; Yawang Sun; Xianwen Dong; Zili Wang; Juncai Chen; Guozhong Dong. PGN and LTA from Staphylococcus aureus Induced Inflammation and Decreased Lactation through Regulating DNA Methylation and Histone H3 Acetylation in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Toxins 2020, 12, 238 .
AMA StyleYongjiang Wu, Jingbo Chen, Yawang Sun, Xianwen Dong, Zili Wang, Juncai Chen, Guozhong Dong. PGN and LTA from Staphylococcus aureus Induced Inflammation and Decreased Lactation through Regulating DNA Methylation and Histone H3 Acetylation in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Toxins. 2020; 12 (4):238.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYongjiang Wu; Jingbo Chen; Yawang Sun; Xianwen Dong; Zili Wang; Juncai Chen; Guozhong Dong. 2020. "PGN and LTA from Staphylococcus aureus Induced Inflammation and Decreased Lactation through Regulating DNA Methylation and Histone H3 Acetylation in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells." Toxins 12, no. 4: 238.
Beef cattle are often fed high-concentrate diet (HCD) to achieve high growth rate. However, HCD feeding is strongly associated with metabolic disorders. Mild acid treatment of grains in HCD with 1% hydrochloric acid (HA) followed by neutralization with sodium bicarbonate (SB) might modify rumen fermentation patterns and microbiota, thereby decreasing the negative effects of HCD. This study was thus aimed to investigate the effects of treatment of corn with 1% HA and subsequent neutralization with SB on rumen fermentation and microbiota, inflammatory response and growth performance in beef cattle fed HCD. Eighteen beef cattle were randomly allocated to three groups and each group was fed different diets: low-concentrate diet (LCD) (concentrate : forage = 40 : 60), HCD (concentrate : forage = 60 : 40) or HCD based on treated corn (HCDT) with the same concentrate to forage ratio as the HCD. The corn in the HCDT was steeped in 1% HA (wt/wt) for 48 h and neutralized with SB after HA treatment. The animal trial lasted for 42 days with an adaptation period of 7 days. At the end of the trial, rumen fluid samples were collected for measuring ruminal pH values, short-chain fatty acids, endotoxin (or lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and bacterial microbiota. Plasma samples were collected at the end of the trial to determine the concentrations of plasma LPS, proinflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins (APPs). The results showed that compared with the LCD, feeding the HCD had better growth performance due to a shift in the ruminal fermentation pattern from acetate towards propionate, butyrate and valerate. However, the HCD decreased ruminal pH and increased ruminal LPS release and the concentrations of plasma proinflammatory cytokines and APPs. Furthermore, feeding the HCD reduced bacterial richness and diversity in the rumen. Treatment of corn increased resistant starch (RS) content. Compared with the HCD, feeding the HCDT reduced ruminal LPS and improved ruminal bacterial microbiota, resulting in decreased inflammation and improved growth performance. In conclusion, although the HCD had better growth performance than the LCD, feeding the HCD promoted the pH reduction and the LPS release in the rumen, disturbed the ruminal bacterial stability and increased inflammatory response. Treatment of corn with HA in combination with subsequent SB neutralization increased the RS content and helped counter the negative effects of feeding HCD to beef steers.
J. Liu; K. Tian; Y. Sun; Y. Wu; J. Chen; R. Zhang; T. He; G. Dong. Effects of the acid–base treatment of corn on rumen fermentation and microbiota, inflammatory response and growth performance in beef cattle fed high-concentrate diet. Animal 2020, 14, 1876 -1884.
AMA StyleJ. Liu, K. Tian, Y. Sun, Y. Wu, J. Chen, R. Zhang, T. He, G. Dong. Effects of the acid–base treatment of corn on rumen fermentation and microbiota, inflammatory response and growth performance in beef cattle fed high-concentrate diet. Animal. 2020; 14 (9):1876-1884.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Liu; K. Tian; Y. Sun; Y. Wu; J. Chen; R. Zhang; T. He; G. Dong. 2020. "Effects of the acid–base treatment of corn on rumen fermentation and microbiota, inflammatory response and growth performance in beef cattle fed high-concentrate diet." Animal 14, no. 9: 1876-1884.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary inulin supplementation on rumen fermentation and bacterial microbiota, inflammatory response, and growth performance in finishing beef steers fed high or low-concentrate diet. Twenty-four Simmental × Luxi crossbred steers were used under a 2 × 2 treatment with 2 diet types and 2 inulin levels. The 2 diet types consisted of a low-concentrate diet (LCD; concentrate:roughage = 40:60) and a high-concentrate diet (HCD; concentrate:roughage = 60:40) and inulin was supplemented into the diets at 0 or 2% (wt/wt). The trial lasted for 42 days. Rumen fluid and plasma samples were collected at the end of the animal trial. Rumen fluid samples were analyzed for pH, short-chain fatty acids, endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), and bacterial microbiota. Illumina Miseq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was applied to investigate ruminal bacterial microbiota. Plasma samples were analyzed for concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha as well as acute phase proteins including LPS-binding protein, haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, and C-reactive protein. Results showed that the high dietary concentrate level shifted the ruminal fermentation pattern from acetate towards propionate, butyrate and valerate, and improved growth performance. However, the high dietary concentrate level promoted ruminal pH reduction and LPS release, decreased bacterial diversity and richness, modified bacterial composition, and increased systemic inflammatory response. Inulin supplementation into the LCD increased ruminal concentrations of propionate, butyrate and iso-butyrate, and improved growth performance. Inulin supplementation into the HCD increased bacterial alpha indices (1628 vs. 1364, 1574 vs. 1329, and 0.985 vs. 0.975 for ACE, Chao1, and Simpson indices, respectively) and operational taxonomic units (1243 vs. 1080), increased Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio (0.84 vs. 0.59), and enhanced final body weight and feed utilization. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with inulin, regardless of the dietary concentrate levels, improved growth performance of finishing beef steers probably through either altering the fermentation pattern or improving ruminal bacterial microbiota, depending on the diet type. Nonetheless, inulin supplementation did not suppress inflammatory response resulting from feeding high-concentrate diet in beef steers.
Ke Tian; Junhui Liu; Yawang Sun; Yongjiang Wu; Juncai Chen; Ruiming Zhang; Tianle He; Guozhong Dong. Effects of dietary supplementation of inulin on rumen fermentation and bacterial microbiota, inflammatory response and growth performance in finishing beef steers fed high or low-concentrate diet. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2019, 258, 114299 .
AMA StyleKe Tian, Junhui Liu, Yawang Sun, Yongjiang Wu, Juncai Chen, Ruiming Zhang, Tianle He, Guozhong Dong. Effects of dietary supplementation of inulin on rumen fermentation and bacterial microbiota, inflammatory response and growth performance in finishing beef steers fed high or low-concentrate diet. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2019; 258 ():114299.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKe Tian; Junhui Liu; Yawang Sun; Yongjiang Wu; Juncai Chen; Ruiming Zhang; Tianle He; Guozhong Dong. 2019. "Effects of dietary supplementation of inulin on rumen fermentation and bacterial microbiota, inflammatory response and growth performance in finishing beef steers fed high or low-concentrate diet." Animal Feed Science and Technology 258, no. : 114299.
In practical production, dairy cows are frequently exposed to bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) when they are subjected to high-concentrate diets, poor hygienic environments, as well as mastitis and metritis. Histone acetylation is an important epigenetic control of DNA transcription and a higher histone acetylation is associated with facilitated transcription. LPS might reduce histone acetylation in the mammary epithelial cells, resulting in lower transcription and mRNA expression of lactation-related genes. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of LPS on histone acetylation in bovine mammary epithelial cells and the efficacy of sodium butyrate (SB) in suppressing the endotoxin-induced adverse effect. Firstly, the bovine mammary epithelial cell line MAC-T cells were treated for 48 h with LPS at different doses of 0, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 endotoxin units (EU)/mL (1 EU = 0.1 ng), and the acetylation levels of histones H3 and H4 as well as the histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity were measured. Secondly, the MAC-T cells were treated for 48 h as follows: control, LPS (100 EU/mL), and LPS (100 EU/mL) plus SB (10 mmol/L), and the acetylation levels of histones H3 and H4 as well as milk gene mRNA expressions were determined. The results showed that HDAC activity increased linearly with increasing LPS doses (P < 0.01). The histone H3 acetylation levels were significantly reduced by LPS, while the histone H4 acetylation levels were not affected by LPS (P > 0.05). Sodium butyrate, an inhibitor of HDAC, effectively suppressed the endotoxin-induced decline of histone H3 acetylation (P < 0.05). As a result, SB significantly enhanced the mRNA expression of lactation-related genes (P < 0.05). The results suggest one of the adverse effects of LPS on the lactation of bovine mammary gland epithelial cells was due to decreasing histone H3 acetylation through increasing HDAC activity, whereas the endotoxin-induced adverse effects were effectively suppressed by SB.
Jingbo Chen; Yongjiang Wu; Yawang Sun; Xianwen Dong; Zili Wang; Zhu Zhang; Yanli Xiao; Guozhong Dong. Bacterial endotoxin decreased histone H3 acetylation of bovine mammary epithelial cells and the adverse effect was suppressed by sodium butyrate. BMC Veterinary Research 2019, 15, 1 -8.
AMA StyleJingbo Chen, Yongjiang Wu, Yawang Sun, Xianwen Dong, Zili Wang, Zhu Zhang, Yanli Xiao, Guozhong Dong. Bacterial endotoxin decreased histone H3 acetylation of bovine mammary epithelial cells and the adverse effect was suppressed by sodium butyrate. BMC Veterinary Research. 2019; 15 (1):1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJingbo Chen; Yongjiang Wu; Yawang Sun; Xianwen Dong; Zili Wang; Zhu Zhang; Yanli Xiao; Guozhong Dong. 2019. "Bacterial endotoxin decreased histone H3 acetylation of bovine mammary epithelial cells and the adverse effect was suppressed by sodium butyrate." BMC Veterinary Research 15, no. 1: 1-8.
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could result in poor lactation performance in dairy cows. High methylation of DNA is associated with gene repression. However, it is unclear whether LPS could suppress the expression of lactation-related genes by inducing DNA methylation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the impact of LPS on genome-wide DNA methylation, using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation with high-throughput sequencing (MeDIP-seq) and on the promoter methylation of lactation-related genes using MassArray analysis in bovine mammary epithelial cells. The bovine mammary epithelial cell line MAC-T cells were treated for 48 h with LPS at different doses of 0, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 endotoxin units (EU)/mL (1 EU = 0.1 ng). The results showed that the genomic methylation levels and the number of methylated genes in the genome as well as the promoter methylation levels of milk genes increased when the LPS dose was raised from 0 to 10 EU/mL, but decreased after further increasing the LPS dose. The milk gene mRNA expression levels of the 10 EU/mL LPS treatment were significantly lower than these of untreated cells. The results also showed that the number of hypermethylated genes was greater than that of hypomethylated genes in lipid and amino acid metabolic pathways following 1 and 10 EU/mL LPS treatments as compared with control. By contrast, in the immune response pathway the number of hypomethylated genes increased with increasing LPS doses. The results indicate LPS at lower doses induced hypermethylation of the genome and promoters of lactation-related genes, affecting milk gene mRNA expression. However, LPS at higher doses induced hypomethylation of genes involved in the immune response pathway probably in favor of immune responses.
Jingbo Chen; Yongjiang Wu; Yawang Sun; Xianwen Dong; Zili Wang; Zhu Zhang; Yanli Xiao; Guozhong Dong. Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Induced Alterations of Genome-Wide DNA Methylation and Promoter Methylation of Lactation-Related Genes in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Toxins 2019, 11, 298 .
AMA StyleJingbo Chen, Yongjiang Wu, Yawang Sun, Xianwen Dong, Zili Wang, Zhu Zhang, Yanli Xiao, Guozhong Dong. Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Induced Alterations of Genome-Wide DNA Methylation and Promoter Methylation of Lactation-Related Genes in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Toxins. 2019; 11 (5):298.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJingbo Chen; Yongjiang Wu; Yawang Sun; Xianwen Dong; Zili Wang; Zhu Zhang; Yanli Xiao; Guozhong Dong. 2019. "Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Induced Alterations of Genome-Wide DNA Methylation and Promoter Methylation of Lactation-Related Genes in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells." Toxins 11, no. 5: 298.
High-grain diets that meet the energy requirements of high-producing ruminants are associated with a high risk of rumen disorders. Mild acid treatment with lactic acid (LA) has been used to modify the degradable characteristics of grains to improve the negative effects of high-grain diets. However, the related studies mainly focused on dairy cows and explored the effects on rumen fermentation, production performance, ruminal pH and so forth. And up to date, no studies have reported the hydrochloric acid (HA) treatment of grains for ruminant animals. Therefore, based on metabolomics analysis, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of treatment of corn by steeping in 1% LA or 1% HA for 48 h on the rumen and plasma metabolic profiles in beef steers fed a high corn (48.76%) diet with a 60:40 ratio of concentrate to roughage. The inflammatory responses of beef cattle fed LA- and HA-treated corn were also investigated. Based on ultra-high-performance liquid tandem chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS) metabolomics and multivariate analyses, this study showed that steeping corn in 1% LA or 1% HA modulated the metabolic profiles of the rumen. Feeding beef steers corn steeped in 1% LA or 1% HA was associated with lower relative abundance of carbohydrate metabolites, amino acid metabolites, xanthine, uracil and DL-lactate in the rumen; with higher ruminal pH; with lower concentrations of acetate, iso-butyrate and iso-valerate; and with a tendency for lower ruminal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations. Moreover, the data showed lower concentrations of plasma C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-8 in beef steers fed 1% LA- or HA-treated corn. The 1% LA treatment decreased the concentrations of plasma LPS, LPS-binding protein and tumour necrosis factor-alpha and the relative abundance of L-phenylalanine, DL-3-phenyllactic acid and tyramine in plasma. The 1% HA treatment decreased the relative abundance of urea in plasma and increased the relative abundance of all amino acids in the plasma. These findings indicated that LA or HA treatment of corn modulated the degradation characteristics of starch, which contributed to improving the rumen and plasma metabolic profiles and to decreasing inflammatory responses in beef steers fed a high-concentrate diet.
You Yang; Guozhong Dong; Zhi Wang; Junhui Liu; Jingbo Chen; Zhu Zhang. Treatment of corn with lactic acid or hydrochloric acid modulates the rumen and plasma metabolic profiles as well as inflammatory responses in beef steers. BMC Veterinary Research 2018, 14, 408 .
AMA StyleYou Yang, Guozhong Dong, Zhi Wang, Junhui Liu, Jingbo Chen, Zhu Zhang. Treatment of corn with lactic acid or hydrochloric acid modulates the rumen and plasma metabolic profiles as well as inflammatory responses in beef steers. BMC Veterinary Research. 2018; 14 (1):408.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYou Yang; Guozhong Dong; Zhi Wang; Junhui Liu; Jingbo Chen; Zhu Zhang. 2018. "Treatment of corn with lactic acid or hydrochloric acid modulates the rumen and plasma metabolic profiles as well as inflammatory responses in beef steers." BMC Veterinary Research 14, no. 1: 408.
Coccidiosis is a prevalent problem in chicken production. Dietary addition of coccidiostats and vaccination are two approaches used to suppress coccidia in the practical production. Methionine (Met) is usually the first limiting amino acid that plays important roles in protein metabolism and immune functions in chickens. The present study is aimed to investigate whether increasing dietary Met levels will improve the anticoccidial effects in broilers medicated or vaccinated against coccidia under Eimeria (E.) tenella-challenged condition. Two thousand male Partridge Shank broiler chicks were obtained from a hatchery. After hatch, birds were weighed, color-marked and allocated equally into two anticoccidial treatments, namely medicated and vaccinated groups. Chicks were either fed, from 1 d of age, diets containing coccidiostat (narasin) or diets without the coccidiostat but were inoculated with an anticoccidial vaccine at 3 d of age. At 22 d of age, 1080 chicks among them were randomly allocated evenly into 6 groups under a 2 × 3 treatment with 2 anticoccidial programs and 3 dietary methionine (Met) levels. Chicks medicated or vaccinated against coccidia were fed diets containing 0.45%, 0.56% or 0.68% of Met from 22 to 42 d of age. All chicks were orally introduced with an amount of 5 × 104 sporulated oocysts of E. tenella at 24 d of age. The growth performance, serum anti-oxidative indexes, intestinal morphology, cecal lesion scores, fecal oocyst counts and immune parameters were measured. The results showed increasing dietary Met level from 0.45% to 0.56% and 0.68% improved weight gain and feed conversion of broilers medicated against coccidia. In contrast, higher dietary levels of Met did not improve growth performance of the vaccinated chickens. Higher Met levels helped the medicated chickens resist E. tenella infection, as indicated by improved intestinal morphology and immune functions as well as decreased cecal lesion and fecal oocyst counts. Anticoccidial vaccination is a better strategy for controlling coccidiosis than feeding narasin, due to not only greater growth performance, but also the lower Met supplementation. Furthermore, higher dietary Met levels improved growth performance of chickens medicated rather than vaccinated against coccidia under E. tenella-challenged condition.
Anqiang Lai; Guozhong Dong; Daijun Song; Tan Yang; Xiaolong Zhang. Responses to dietary levels of methionine in broilers medicated or vaccinated against coccidia under Eimeria tenella-challenged condition. BMC Veterinary Research 2018, 14, 140 .
AMA StyleAnqiang Lai, Guozhong Dong, Daijun Song, Tan Yang, Xiaolong Zhang. Responses to dietary levels of methionine in broilers medicated or vaccinated against coccidia under Eimeria tenella-challenged condition. BMC Veterinary Research. 2018; 14 (1):140.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnqiang Lai; Guozhong Dong; Daijun Song; Tan Yang; Xiaolong Zhang. 2018. "Responses to dietary levels of methionine in broilers medicated or vaccinated against coccidia under Eimeria tenella-challenged condition." BMC Veterinary Research 14, no. 1: 140.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of continuous low dose infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on inflammatory responses and milk production and quality in lactating dairy cows. Eight Holstein cows were assigned to two treatments in a cross-over experimental design. Cows were infused intravenously either with saline solution or with saline solution containing LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4 at a dose of 0.01 μg LPS/kg body weight for approximately 6 hr each day during a seven-day trial. The clinical symptoms and milk production performance were observed. Milk samples were analysed for conventional components, fatty acids and amino acids. And jugular vein and mammary vein plasma samples were analysed for concentrations of cytokines and acute phase proteins. LPS infusion decreased feed intake and milk yield. An increase in body temperature was observed after LPS infusion. LPS infusion also increased plasma concentrations of interleukin-1β, serum amyloid A, LPS-binding protein, C-reactive protein and haptoglobin. LPS infusion decreased the contents of some fatty acids, such as C17:1, C18:0, C18:1n9 (trans) and C18:2n6 (trans), and most amino acids except for methionine, threonine, histidine, cysteine, tyrosine and proline in the milk. The results indicated that a continued low dose infusion of LPS can induce an inflammatory response, decrease milk production and reduce milk quality.
L. T. Ning; G. Z. Dong; C. Ao; D. G. Zhang; K. Erdene; F. Q. Zhang; J. Wen; T. L. Zhang. Effects of continuous low dose infusion of lipopolysaccharide on inflammatory responses, milk production and milk quality in dairy cows. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 2017, 102, e262 -e269.
AMA StyleL. T. Ning, G. Z. Dong, C. Ao, D. G. Zhang, K. Erdene, F. Q. Zhang, J. Wen, T. L. Zhang. Effects of continuous low dose infusion of lipopolysaccharide on inflammatory responses, milk production and milk quality in dairy cows. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2017; 102 (1):e262-e269.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL. T. Ning; G. Z. Dong; C. Ao; D. G. Zhang; K. Erdene; F. Q. Zhang; J. Wen; T. L. Zhang. 2017. "Effects of continuous low dose infusion of lipopolysaccharide on inflammatory responses, milk production and milk quality in dairy cows." Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 102, no. 1: e262-e269.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding a high-concentrate corn straw diet on the release of endotoxin in the rumen and the changes of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the mammary gland of dairy cows in comparison with a low-concentrate corn straw diet and a low-concentrate mixed forage diet. Thirty second-parity Chinese Holstein cows in mid-lactation with a body condition score of 2.86 ± 0.29, weighing 543 ± 57 kg and producing 24.32 ± 3.86 kg milk per day were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 diets (n = 10 per treatment): 1) low-concentrate mixed forage diet (LCF) with a concentrate to roughage ratio of 46 : 54; 2) high-concentrate corn straw diet (HCS) with a concentrate to roughage ratio of 65 : 35; 3) low-concentrate corn straw diet (LCS) with the same concentrate to roughage ratio (46 : 54) as LCF. The experiment lasted 6 weeks, and samples were collected in the last week. Milk samples were analyzed for conventional components, rumen fluid samples were analyzed for pH and endotoxin, and mammary arterial and venous plasma samples were analyzed for concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Concentrations of endotoxin in rumen fluid and feces of cows fed HCS were significantly higher than those of cows fed LCS and LCF. Feeding HCS increased the release of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in the mammary gland compared with feeding LCS. Concentrations of cytokines (IL-1β and IL-8) in mammary venous plasma had a negative correlation with milk production efficiencies. Results indicated that the high-concentrate corn straw diet increased the concentrations of endotoxin in rumen fluid and feces. Furthermore, feeding the high-concentrate corn straw diet stimulated the mammary gland to release more pro-inflammatory cytokines. The results suggest that feeding a high-concentrate corn straw diet induce a higher pro-inflammatory response in the mammary gland and thus may partly decrease the milk production efficiencies in dairy cows.
Jun Zhou; Guozhong Dong; Changjin Ao; Sen Zhang; Min Qiu; Xi Wang; Yongxia Wu; Khas Erdene; Lu Jin; Chunlong Lei; Zhu Zhang. Feeding a high-concentrate corn straw diet increased the release of endotoxin in the rumen and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the mammary gland of dairy cows. BMC Veterinary Research 2014, 10, 172 -172.
AMA StyleJun Zhou, Guozhong Dong, Changjin Ao, Sen Zhang, Min Qiu, Xi Wang, Yongxia Wu, Khas Erdene, Lu Jin, Chunlong Lei, Zhu Zhang. Feeding a high-concentrate corn straw diet increased the release of endotoxin in the rumen and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the mammary gland of dairy cows. BMC Veterinary Research. 2014; 10 (1):172-172.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJun Zhou; Guozhong Dong; Changjin Ao; Sen Zhang; Min Qiu; Xi Wang; Yongxia Wu; Khas Erdene; Lu Jin; Chunlong Lei; Zhu Zhang. 2014. "Feeding a high-concentrate corn straw diet increased the release of endotoxin in the rumen and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the mammary gland of dairy cows." BMC Veterinary Research 10, no. 1: 172-172.
The study was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of montmorillonite (MMT) and yeast cell wall (YCW) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) adsorption, apparent nutrient digestibility and growth performance in beef cattle. Eighteen beef steers (Simmental×Luxi) with an initial body weight (means±standard deviation) of 335±7.5 kg and similar body condition were randomly assigned to one of three treatments for 50 days in a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of (1) the basal diet (control), (2) the basal diet+2 g/kg MMT, and (3) the basal diet+2 g/kg YCW on a dry matter basis. Fecal grab samples were collected for five consecutive days on days 41–45 after the morning feeding; jugular vein blood was collected on day 45 before the morning feeding, and beef steers were slaughtered at the end of the 50-day trial and dissected to collect samples of ruminal fluid and digesta of different intestinal sectors (the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and colon). Results showed that dietary MMT supplementation decreased (P<0.05) free LPS concentrations in plasma, feces, and the digesta of different sectors of the gastrointestinal tract except the cecum. Dietary YCW supplementation decreased (P<0.05) free LPS concentrations in plasma, feces, and the digesta of the lower gut including the ileum, cecum and colon. Correspondingly, the levels of acute phase proteins (serum amyloid-A, haptoglobin, C-reactive protein, and LPS-binding protein) in plasma were also decreased (P<0.05) by dietary supplementation of MMT and YCW. Dietary supplementation of YCW increased (P<0.05) apparent digestibilities of acid detergent fiber and total phosphorus and improved (P<0.05) average daily gain and feed efficiency. Dietary supplementation of MMT only improved feed efficiency (P<0.05). Results suggest dietary supplementation of MMT and YCW can effectively bind LPS in the digestive tract, reduce the translocation of LPS from the digestive tract into the circulation, and thus improve growth performance in beef cattle. Dietary supplementation of YCW at a dose of 2 g/kg was more effective than that of MMT at the same dose in reducing plasma acute phase protein levels and in improving growth performance.
C.L. Lei; G.Z. Dong; L. Jin; S. Zhang; J. Zhou. Effects of dietary supplementation of montmorillonite and yeast cell wall on lipopolysaccharide adsorption, nutrient digestibility and growth performance in beef cattle. Livestock Science 2013, 158, 57 -63.
AMA StyleC.L. Lei, G.Z. Dong, L. Jin, S. Zhang, J. Zhou. Effects of dietary supplementation of montmorillonite and yeast cell wall on lipopolysaccharide adsorption, nutrient digestibility and growth performance in beef cattle. Livestock Science. 2013; 158 (1):57-63.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC.L. Lei; G.Z. Dong; L. Jin; S. Zhang; J. Zhou. 2013. "Effects of dietary supplementation of montmorillonite and yeast cell wall on lipopolysaccharide adsorption, nutrient digestibility and growth performance in beef cattle." Livestock Science 158, no. 1: 57-63.
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of glutamine (Gln) and mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on plasma endotoxin and acute phase protein concentrations and nutrient apparent digestibility in finishing steers. Eighteen Simmental×Luxi crossbred finishing steers were randomly and evenly divided into three treatments: (1) the basal diet (control); (2) the basal diet + 1% Gln; (3) the basal diet + 0.2% MOS. The results showed: dietary supplementation of Gln decreased the plasma and fecal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by 7.10% and 12.49%, respectively, but the differences did not attain statistical significance (P>0.05). The plasma concentrations of haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were not affected (P>0.05), but the plasma concentration of LPS binding protein (LBP) was increased (P0.05), respectively. Dietary supplementation of Gln and MOS had no effects on nutrient apparent digestibility (P>0.05). Overall, MOS is more effective than Gln in decreasing the concentrations of LPS in plasma and feces, and the plasma acute phase proteins are affected in different manners by Gln and MOS supplementation.
Lu Jin; Guozhong Dong; Chunlong Lei; Jun Zhou; Sen Zhang. Effects of dietary supplementation of glutamine and mannan oligosaccharides on plasma endotoxin and acute phase protein concentrations and nutrient digestibility in finishing steers. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2013, 42, 160 -165.
AMA StyleLu Jin, Guozhong Dong, Chunlong Lei, Jun Zhou, Sen Zhang. Effects of dietary supplementation of glutamine and mannan oligosaccharides on plasma endotoxin and acute phase protein concentrations and nutrient digestibility in finishing steers. Journal of Applied Animal Research. 2013; 42 (2):160-165.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLu Jin; Guozhong Dong; Chunlong Lei; Jun Zhou; Sen Zhang. 2013. "Effects of dietary supplementation of glutamine and mannan oligosaccharides on plasma endotoxin and acute phase protein concentrations and nutrient digestibility in finishing steers." Journal of Applied Animal Research 42, no. 2: 160-165.
Dairy cows are often fed high grain diets to meet the energy demand for high milk production or simply due to a lack of forages at times. As a result, ruminal acidosis, especially subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA), occurs frequently in practical dairy production. When SARA occurs, bacterial endotoxin (or lipopolysaccharide, LPS) is released in the rumen and the large intestine in a large amount. Many other bacterial immunogens may also be released in the digestive tract following feeding dairy cows diets containing high proportions of grain. LPS can be translocated into the bloodstream across the epithelium of the digestive tract, especially the lower tract, due to possible alterations of permeability and injuries of the epithelial tissue. As a result, the concentration of blood LPS increases. Immune responses are subsequently caused by circulating LPS, and the systemic effects include increases in concentrations of neutrophils and the acute phase proteins such as serum amyloid-A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), LPS binding protein (LBP), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in blood. Entry of LPS into blood can also result in metabolic alterations. Blood glucose and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations are enhanced accompanying an increase of blood LPS after increasing the amount of grain in the diet, which adversely affects feed intake of dairy cows. As the proportions of grain in the diet increase, patterns of plasma β-hydoxybutyric acid, cholesterol, and minerals (Ca, Fe, and Zn) are also perturbed. The bacterial immunogens can also lead to reduced supply of nutrients for synthesis of milk components and depressed functions of the epithelial cells in the mammary gland. The immune responses and metabolic alterations caused by circulating bacterial immunogens will exert an effect on milk production. It has been demonstrated that increases in concentrations of ruminal LPS and plasma acute phase proteins (CRP, SAA, and LBP) are associated with declines in milk fat content, milk fat yield, 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield, as well as milk energy efficiency.
Guozhong Dong; Shimin Liu; Yongxia Wu; Chunlong Lei; Jun Zhou; Sen Zhang. Diet-induced bacterial immunogens in the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows: Impacts on immunity and metabolism. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 2011, 53, 48 -48.
AMA StyleGuozhong Dong, Shimin Liu, Yongxia Wu, Chunlong Lei, Jun Zhou, Sen Zhang. Diet-induced bacterial immunogens in the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows: Impacts on immunity and metabolism. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. 2011; 53 (1):48-48.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuozhong Dong; Shimin Liu; Yongxia Wu; Chunlong Lei; Jun Zhou; Sen Zhang. 2011. "Diet-induced bacterial immunogens in the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows: Impacts on immunity and metabolism." Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 53, no. 1: 48-48.
G. Z. Dong; X. J. Wang; Z. B. Liu; F. Wang. Effects of phytogenic products on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane emission in goats. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 2010, 19, 218 -229.
AMA StyleG. Z. Dong, X. J. Wang, Z. B. Liu, F. Wang. Effects of phytogenic products on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane emission in goats. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences. 2010; 19 (2):218-229.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. Z. Dong; X. J. Wang; Z. B. Liu; F. Wang. 2010. "Effects of phytogenic products on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane emission in goats." Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 19, no. 2: 218-229.