The surface of a complex material with a periodic structure is equivalent to the surface of a uniform material, and the measurement and data processing methods for the equivalent optical BRDF of a solar panel based on a large-scale spot are proposed. Based on a solar simulator, high-intensity light illuminometer, low-intensity light illuminometer and precise rotary platform, the BRDF automatic measurement platform is built. Spot size optimization and a measurement radius optimization method are proposed. The measurement results show that the BRDF of the solar panel has specular reflection characteristics, but that it still differs from the solar cell in the half width of the BRDF curve. Measurement error analysis is performed for the measurement process; its value is 6.74%. The measurement results can be used to improve the understanding of the optical reflection characteristics of the solar panel. Meanwhile, the method can also be used to measure and characterize the coatings of heat insulation material and scattering coating. The measurement data also has practical reference value for evaluations of improvements of the light absorption of the surface functional material. Finally, it can be used to simulate the target image scene.

This research presents the modelling and simulation method of the visible imaging characteristics for a space target. The surface of the space target is divided into facets in order to improve the modelling precision. Based on the consideration of the mixing-material of the solar panel, the measuring method of the equivalent BRDF is proposed, from which we achieve the measurement and modelling of the equivalent BRDF of the solar panel. To reflect the operate mode of the solar panel pointing to the sun, a calculation method of panel normal vector is proposed based on the principle of maximum light efficiency. The simulation of the detection signal is carried out according to the OTF and the photoelectric response model. The results show that the proposed modelling method can simulate the imaging characteristics of space targets with a complex structure, as well as correctly reflect the movement characteristics of the on-orbit satellite.

为了在天基远距离条件下估计空间目标的姿态参数, 提出了基于时序光谱信号分级求解目标表面参数及姿态参数的方法. 第一级, 在三轴稳定状态下将空间目标等效为“双面模型”, 引入双向反射分布函数(bidirectional reflectance distribution function, BRDF)的多级融合模型表征复杂材料的光谱反射特性, 基于时谱信号与时谱信号模型对双面光谱BRDF与面积乘积进行重构. 第二级, 为了抑制双面耦合特性对姿态估计的影响, 构建双面特性分离度, 并基于该度量最大化实现光谱波段优选. 第三级, 构建目标姿态运动状态下的时序光谱信号模型, 以模型值与观测值之间的误差为目标函数, 利用Levenberg-Marquardt算法对姿态参数进行估计. 仿真表明, 该方法更适用于方形本体的目标, 且反演误差会随相位角和探测器噪声的增大而增大, 在信噪比SNR ≥ 10条件下反演误差在2%以内.