The consequences of heavy metal contamination are progressively degrading soil quality in this modern period of industry. Due to this reason, improvement of the soil quality is necessary. Remediation is a method of removing pollutants from the root zone of plants in order to minimize stress and increase yield of plants grown in it. The use of plants to remove toxins from the soil, such as heavy metals, trace elements, organic chemicals, and radioactive substances, is referred to as bioremediation. Biochar and fly ash techniques are also studied for effectiveness in improving the quality of contaminated soil. This review compiles amelioration technologies and how they are used in the field. It also explains how nanoparticles are becoming a popular method of desalination, as well as how they can be employed in heavy metal phytoremediation.

The levels of zinc (Zn) pollution in several water sources as ground, river, tap, lake water etc. Zinc are possibly toxic and are moved to the nearby environment through different pathways. Among mining activity, waste dump contaminants one of the most hazardous groups for of their determined nature, tendency, toxicity, to collect in creatures and undertake food chain increase and more still, they are non-degradable. Zinc concentration are found in water are higher than the permissible limits of WHO, USEPA that gives an indication of hazardous risk to human health. This review study also reveals that zinc contamination through water and major health effects on human health.

Microplastic, which is of size less than 5 mm, is gaining a lot of attention as it has become a new arising contaminant because of its ecophysiology impact on the aquatic environment. These microplastics are found in freshwater or drinking water and are the major carriers of pollutants. Removal of this microplastic can be done through the primary treatment process, secondary treatment process, and tertiary treatment process. One approach for microplastic remediation is ultrafiltration technology, which involves passing water through a membrane with small pores to filter out the microplastics. However, the efficiency of this technology can be affected by the structure and type of microplastics present in the water. New strategies can be created to improve the technology and increase its efficacy in removing microplastics from water by knowing how various types and shapes of microplastics react during ultrafiltration. The filter-based technique, that is, ultrafiltration has achieved the best performance for the removal of microplastic. But with the ultrafiltration, too some microplastic that are of sizes less than of ultrafiltration membrane passes through the filter and enters the food chain. Accumulation of this microplastic on the membrane also leads to membrane fouling. Through this review article, we have assessed the impact of the structure, size, and type of MPs on ultrafiltration technology for microplastic remediation, with that how these factors affect the efficiency of the filtration process and challenges occur during filtration.

The levels of heavy metals contaminations in water like, Pb, As, Cd, Hg, Cr, Ni etc. in various water sources as ground, surface, tap water etc. Variety of heavy metals, some of them are potentially toxic and are transferred to the surrounding environment through different pathways. The concentrations determined were more than the maximum admissible and desirable limit when compared with the National and International organizations like WHO (2008), USEPA, EUC, EPA. Water may become contaminated by the accumulation of heavy metals and metalloids through emissions from the rapidly expanding industrial areas, mine tailings, disposal of high metal wastes, leaded gasoline and paints, land application of fertilizers, animal manures, sewage sludge, pesticides, wastewater irrigation, coal, Electronic waste. Heavy metal toxicity has proven to be a major threat and there are several health risks associated with it. The toxic effects of these metals, even though they do not have any biological role, remain present in some or the other form harmful for the human body and its proper functioning.

Heavy metal is present in the various state on industrial waste water, natural water as a part of a natural water heavy metal are present in the ground water. The water is drinking of highly polluted and chronic effect on people are genetic disorders, neurotoxicological disorder and carcinogenicity. Toxic heavy metals are regularly discharge to the aquatic environment in India as a prompt development of Industry. The major issue to the time ground water are contaminated through heavy metal. Water is the dynamic source, essential for all aspects of human and ecosystem for existence and health. The levels of heavy metals contaminations in water like, Pb, Zn, As, Cr, Ni etc. in several water resources as groundwater, surface water, tap water etc. The review study provides heavy metal concentration in groundwater and to give recommendations to prevent the health risks against intake.