The Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming a regular part of our lives. The devices can be used in many sectors, such as education and in the learning process. The article describes the possibilities of using commonly available devices such as smart wristbands (watches) and eye tracking technology, i.e., using existing technical solutions and methods that rely on the application of sensors while maintaining non-invasiveness. By comparing the data from these devices, we observed how the students’ attention affects their results. We looked for a correlation between eye tracking, heart rate, and student attention and how it all impacts their learning outcomes. We evaluate the obtained data in order to determine whether there is a degree of dependence between concentration and heart rate of students.
The following case study was carried out on a sample of one experimental and one control group. The participants of the experimental group watched the movie section from the standardized LATEMO-E database via virtual reality (VR) on Oculus Rift S and HTC Vive Pro devices. In the control group, the movie section was displayed on the LCD monitor. The movie section was categorized according to Ekman's and Russell's classification model of evoking an emotional state. The range of valence and arousal was determined in both observed groups. Valence and arousal were measured in each group using a Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM). The control group was captured by a camera and evaluated by Affdex software from Affectiva in order to compare valence values. The control group showed a very high correlation (0.92) between SAM and Affdex results. Having considered the Affdex results as a reference value, it can be concluded that SAM participants evaluated their emotions objectively. The results from both groups show that the movie section is supposed to evoke negative emotion. Negative emotion was perceived more intensely than its counterpart, positive emotion. Using virtual reality to evoke negative emotion (anger) has confirmed that VR triggers a significantly stronger intensity of emotion than LCD.
This paper focuses on the analysis of reactions captured by the face analysis system. The experiment was conducted on a sample of 50 university students. Each student was shown 100 random images and the student´s reaction to every image was recorded. The recorded reactions were subsequently compared to the reaction of the image that was expected. The results of the experiment have shown several imperfections of the face analysis system. The system has difficulties classifying expressions and cannot detect and identify inner emotions that a person may experience when shown the image. Face analysis systems can only detect emotions that are expressed externally on a face by physiological changes in certain parts of the face.