The impact of allergens emitted by urban green spaces on health is one of the main disservices of ecosystems. The objective of this work is to establish the potential allergenic value of some tree species in urban environments, so that the allergenicity of green spaces can be estimated through application of the Index of Urban Green Zones Allergenicity (I_UGZA). Multiple types of green spaces in Mediterranean cities were selected for the estimation of I_UGZ. The results show that some of the ornamental species native to the Mediterranean are among the main causative agents of allergy in the population; in particular, Oleaceae, Cupressaceae, Fagaceae, and Platanus hispanica. Variables of the strongest impact on I_UGZA were the bioclimatic characteristics of the territory and design aspects, such as the density of trees and the number of species. We concluded that the methodology to assess the allergenicity associated with urban trees and urban areas presented in this work opens new perspectives in the design and planning of urban green spaces, pointing out the need to consider the potential allergenicity of a species when selecting plant material to be used in cities. Only then can urban green areas be inclusive spaces, in terms of public health.

The relentless and massive population migration process to the cities is a phenomenon of great concern due to the large urban overcrowding and the consequent problems involved, such as environmental, public health, social, etc. In fact, in this century, Pickett (Forman, 2010) already talks of "urban species", where more than 50% of the world's population already lives in cities. Within the different theories, approaches and strategies to carry out a more rational territorial development that generates healthy cities, naturation processes and green infrastructure highlight to try to mitigate these terrible consequences. This strategy, endorsed by EU recently, has numerous benefits and components as green roofs, vertical gardening, greenways, etc.., although perhaps one of the most important is the urban forest. Its governance is extremely important and should include apart from the plans which maximize the benefits, those that minimize problems, and above everything the most important: its inherent potential danger. Sometimes trees collapsed causing serious consequences, but often they are identifiable and preventable i.e. external biomechanics symptoms are indicators of internal problems. Therefore the incorporation of scientific and technical approaches (including specific tools such as tomograph, SLT,…) about risk assessment should be an integral component of the management of GI.

Cultural landscapes are multi-layered entities that constantly endure changes and transformations, especially in Europe due to its ancient history and anthropized nature, which reveals itself not only in physical elements, but also through immaterial heritage. This paper aims to analyse the connection between sacred landscapes, small religious architecture and folklore, focusing on the origin and transformations of several places in Galicia (northwest of Spain). Galicia is defined by its rich flora and fauna, a management of its land based on smallholding and the social idiosyncrasy of its people, defined by strong symbolism and the religious tradition that is reflected in a great amount of small sacred architecture. All this provide a paradigmatic territory for this research, allowing an approach to the case studies from the point of view of landscape architecture, assessing the small sacred architecture elements, their background, symbolism and associated vegetation. It is worth mentioning that, although vegetation had a very strong meaning and symbolism in the sacred history of Galicia, nowadays it only appears in 26% of the analysed case studies.