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Youn-Sik Lee
Division of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Korea

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Note
Published: 23 April 2020 in Macromolecular Research
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P. M. Biesheuvel, A. van der Wal, J. Membr. Sci., 346, 256 (2010). C. Zhang, D. He, J. Ma, W. Tang, and T. D. Waite, Water Res., 128, 314 (2018). M. Andelman, J. Mater. Sci. Che. Eng., 2, 16 (2014). O. u. Haq, D.-S. Choi, J.-H. Choi, and Y.-S. Lee, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 83, 136 (2020). C. Yan, L. Zou, and R. Short, Desalination, 333, 101 (2014). O. u. Haq, J.-H. Choi, and Y.-S. Lee, Desalination, 479, 114308 (2020). Y. Cai, Y. Wang, X. Han, L. Zhang, S. Xu, and J. Wang, J. Electroanal. Chem., 768, 72 (2016). S. K. Dey and D. A. Lightner, J. Org. Chem., 72, 9395 (2007). X. Tian, F. Su, and X. S. Zhao, Green Chem., 10, 951 (2008). O. u. Haq, J.-H. Choi, and Y.-S. Lee, React. Funct. Poly., 132, 36 (2018). J.-H. Cha, O. u. Haq, J.-H. Choi, and Y.-S. Lee, Macromol. Res., 26, 1273 (2018). Q. Qiu, J.-H. Cha, Y.-W. Choi, J.-H. Choi, J. Shin, and Y.-S. Lee, Desalination, 417, 87 (2017). I. Yamaguchi and T. Asano, J. Mater. Sci., 46, 4582 (2011). X. Gao, A. Omosebi, J. Landon, and K. Liu, Electrochem. Commun., 39, 22 (2014). Download references This study was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (grant No. 2017R1D1A1B03028365). Correspondence to Jae-Hwan Choi or Youn-Sik Lee. Publisher’s Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Reprints and Permissions Haq, O.u., Choi, J. & Lee, Y. Synthesis of Ion-Exchange Polypyrrole/Activated Carbon Composites and Their Characterization as Electrodes for Capacitive Deionization. Macromol. Res. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13233-020-8101-5 Download citation Received: 27 November 2019 Revised: 09 March 2020 Accepted: 23 March 2020 Published: 23 April 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13233-020-8101-5

ACS Style

Oneeb Ul Haq; Jae-Hwan Choi; Youn-Sik Lee. Synthesis of Ion-Exchange Polypyrrole/Activated Carbon Composites and Their Characterization as Electrodes for Capacitive Deionization. Macromolecular Research 2020, 28, 877 -880.

AMA Style

Oneeb Ul Haq, Jae-Hwan Choi, Youn-Sik Lee. Synthesis of Ion-Exchange Polypyrrole/Activated Carbon Composites and Their Characterization as Electrodes for Capacitive Deionization. Macromolecular Research. 2020; 28 (9):877-880.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oneeb Ul Haq; Jae-Hwan Choi; Youn-Sik Lee. 2020. "Synthesis of Ion-Exchange Polypyrrole/Activated Carbon Composites and Their Characterization as Electrodes for Capacitive Deionization." Macromolecular Research 28, no. 9: 877-880.

Journal article
Published: 09 January 2020 in Desalination
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The electrodes made of polyaniline-activated carbon (PANI-AC) composite were reported to significantly improve the capacitive deionization (CDI) cell performance compared with the cell assembled using AC electrodes alone. In this study, we synthesized ion-exchange (–NH2+ and –SOH3−) PANI-AC composites, and assembled a CDI cell using them as electrodes. The performance of the ion-exchange PANI-AC cell was higher than that of the PANI-AC cell, and slightly higher than or at least comparable to that of membrane CDI cell (MCDI). The improved performance of the ion-exchange PANI-AC cell compared with the simple PANI-AC cell is attributed to the functional groups in the PANI chains that act similar to that of an ion-exchange membrane in MCDI cells.

ACS Style

Oneeb Ul Haq; Jae-Hwan Choi; Youn-Sik Lee. Synthesis of ion-exchange polyaniline-carbon composite electrodes for capacitive deionization. Desalination 2020, 479, 114308 .

AMA Style

Oneeb Ul Haq, Jae-Hwan Choi, Youn-Sik Lee. Synthesis of ion-exchange polyaniline-carbon composite electrodes for capacitive deionization. Desalination. 2020; 479 ():114308.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oneeb Ul Haq; Jae-Hwan Choi; Youn-Sik Lee. 2020. "Synthesis of ion-exchange polyaniline-carbon composite electrodes for capacitive deionization." Desalination 479, no. : 114308.

Journal article
Published: 19 November 2019 in Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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Capacitive deionization (CDI) has proved to be a clean and green technology; however, the charge leakage in the electrode pores during the adsorption-desorption cycles lowers the desalination efficiency. In this work, commercially available activated carbon was chemically treated to give the activated carbon surface either immobilized amino groups or sulfonic acid groups. The amino group-containing and sulfonic group-containing carbon materials were used as anode and cathode electrodes, respectively, in assembling a CDI (AC-CDI) cell. The salt adsorption capacity, salt removal efficiency, and charge efficiency of the AC-CDI cell were over two times higher than those of the untreated carbon-based CDI cell and comparable with those of the membrane CDI (MCDI) cell. The greatly improved desalination performance of the AC-CDI cell was attributed to enhanced wettability, faster diffusion of counter ions to each electrode via electrostatic attraction, and the prevention of re-adsorption of ions via repulsion between the charged layers and co-ions during adsorption-desorption cycle. Thus, it can be concluded that chemically modified carbon-based CDI cell is highly promising for practical application.

ACS Style

Oneeb Ul Haq; Da-Seul Choi; Jae-Hwan Choi; Youn-Sik Lee. Carbon electrodes with ionic functional groups for enhanced capacitive deionization performance. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 2019, 83, 136 -144.

AMA Style

Oneeb Ul Haq, Da-Seul Choi, Jae-Hwan Choi, Youn-Sik Lee. Carbon electrodes with ionic functional groups for enhanced capacitive deionization performance. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 2019; 83 ():136-144.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oneeb Ul Haq; Da-Seul Choi; Jae-Hwan Choi; Youn-Sik Lee. 2019. "Carbon electrodes with ionic functional groups for enhanced capacitive deionization performance." Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 83, no. : 136-144.

Journal article
Published: 05 September 2019 in Materials
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In this work, we report a feasible fabrication of NiCo2S4 nanotree-like structures grown from the Ni nanoparticle (NP)-doped reduced graphene oxides (Ni-rGO) by a simple hydrothermal method. It is found that the presence of Ni NPs on the surface of the rGOs initiates growth of the NiCo2S4 nanotree flocks with enhanced interfacial compatibility, providing excellent cyclic stability and rate performance. The resulting NiCo2S4/Ni-rGO nanocomposites exhibit a superior rate performance, demonstrating 91.6% capacity retention even after 10,000 cycles of charge/discharge tests.

ACS Style

Wooree Jang; Won San Choi; Youn-Sik Lee; Hye Young Koo. NiCo2S4 Nanotrees Directly Grown on the Nickel NP-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxides for Efficient Supercapacitors. Materials 2019, 12, 2865 .

AMA Style

Wooree Jang, Won San Choi, Youn-Sik Lee, Hye Young Koo. NiCo2S4 Nanotrees Directly Grown on the Nickel NP-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxides for Efficient Supercapacitors. Materials. 2019; 12 (18):2865.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wooree Jang; Won San Choi; Youn-Sik Lee; Hye Young Koo. 2019. "NiCo2S4 Nanotrees Directly Grown on the Nickel NP-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxides for Efficient Supercapacitors." Materials 12, no. 18: 2865.

Article
Published: 21 May 2019 in Macromolecular Research
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Polymer sorbents used for the removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) ions from highly acidic aqueous media (pH≤1) are needed. In this study, micronsized polystyrene beads containing immobilized thiourea (mTA-PS) were prepared through suspension polymerization and two successive chemical modifications. The sorbent was stable even at pH of 0 under room temperature. The effects of pH, contact time, and initial concentration on sorption of Cr(VI) anions were studied. The isotherm data was fitted to the Freundlich model accordingly. The Langmuir model predicted the sorbent to have a maximum sorption capacity of 137 mg g−1 at pH 1. The sorbent exhibited a significant selective sorption of Cr(VI) ions over trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) ions. These results show that such polymer sorbent can be utilized to remove Cr(VI) ions from a highly acidic aqueous media.

ACS Style

Saurabha Bhattarai; Jong Soo Kim; Yeoung-Sang Yun; Youn-Sik Lee. Thiourea-Immobilized Polymer Beads for Sorption of Cr(VI) Ions in Acidic Aqueous Media. Macromolecular Research 2019, 27, 515 -521.

AMA Style

Saurabha Bhattarai, Jong Soo Kim, Yeoung-Sang Yun, Youn-Sik Lee. Thiourea-Immobilized Polymer Beads for Sorption of Cr(VI) Ions in Acidic Aqueous Media. Macromolecular Research. 2019; 27 (5):515-521.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saurabha Bhattarai; Jong Soo Kim; Yeoung-Sang Yun; Youn-Sik Lee. 2019. "Thiourea-Immobilized Polymer Beads for Sorption of Cr(VI) Ions in Acidic Aqueous Media." Macromolecular Research 27, no. 5: 515-521.

Journal article
Published: 16 April 2019 in Materials
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One-pot synthesis of mixed-valence manganese oxide (MnOx)/potassium ion-doped reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composites for efficient electrochemical supercapacitors is introduced. Using manganese nitrate and potassium permanganate as co-precursors for the MnOx and by directly annealing the rGO without tedious purification steps, as described herein, MnOx/rGO composites with a high specific capacitance of 1955.6 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1 are achieved. It is found that the presence of potassium ions helps in the development of mixed-valence MnOx on the surface of the rGO.

ACS Style

Wooree Jang; Dae-Young Jeon; Youn-Sik Lee; Hye Young Koo. Effect of Potassium Ions on the Formation of Mixed-Valence Manganese Oxide/Graphene Nanocomposites. Materials 2019, 12, 1245 .

AMA Style

Wooree Jang, Dae-Young Jeon, Youn-Sik Lee, Hye Young Koo. Effect of Potassium Ions on the Formation of Mixed-Valence Manganese Oxide/Graphene Nanocomposites. Materials. 2019; 12 (8):1245.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wooree Jang; Dae-Young Jeon; Youn-Sik Lee; Hye Young Koo. 2019. "Effect of Potassium Ions on the Formation of Mixed-Valence Manganese Oxide/Graphene Nanocomposites." Materials 12, no. 8: 1245.

Note
Published: 12 November 2018 in Macromolecular Research
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ACS Style

Ji-Hoon Cha; Oneeb Ul Haq; Jae-Hwan Choi; Youn-Sik Lee. Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone) Ion-Exchange Membrane for Membrane Capacitive Deionization Applications. Macromolecular Research 2018, 26, 1273 -1275.

AMA Style

Ji-Hoon Cha, Oneeb Ul Haq, Jae-Hwan Choi, Youn-Sik Lee. Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone) Ion-Exchange Membrane for Membrane Capacitive Deionization Applications. Macromolecular Research. 2018; 26 (13):1273-1275.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ji-Hoon Cha; Oneeb Ul Haq; Jae-Hwan Choi; Youn-Sik Lee. 2018. "Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone) Ion-Exchange Membrane for Membrane Capacitive Deionization Applications." Macromolecular Research 26, no. 13: 1273-1275.

Journal article
Published: 13 September 2018 in Reactive and Functional Polymers
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Most polymer membranes with a high ion-exchange capacity (IEC) are not dimensionally stable in water because of their excess water uptake. In this study, an anion-exchange membrane was synthesized by performing a pore-filling polymerization in a porous polyethylene membrane used as the supporting substrate. The membrane was found to exhibit a high IEC (3.0 meq/g) but a very low water uptake (8%) and low electrical resistance (0.30 Ω·cm2). The membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) cell assembled from components including the fabricated anion-exchange membrane and a commercial cation-exchange membrane (CMX) was found to exhibit a higher salt adsorption capacity and a higher current efficiency than that using a commercial anion-exchange membrane (AMX, IEC = 1.5 meq/g, electrical resistance = 4.8 Ω·cm2) and CMX. This improved performance compared to that of the AMX cell is ascribed to the higher IEC of the new membrane and its lower electrical resistance.

ACS Style

Oneeb Ul Haq; Jae-Hwan Choi; Youn-Sik Lee. Anion-exchange membrane for membrane capacitive deionization prepared via pore-filling polymerization in a porous polyethylene supporting membrane. Reactive and Functional Polymers 2018, 132, 36 -42.

AMA Style

Oneeb Ul Haq, Jae-Hwan Choi, Youn-Sik Lee. Anion-exchange membrane for membrane capacitive deionization prepared via pore-filling polymerization in a porous polyethylene supporting membrane. Reactive and Functional Polymers. 2018; 132 ():36-42.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oneeb Ul Haq; Jae-Hwan Choi; Youn-Sik Lee. 2018. "Anion-exchange membrane for membrane capacitive deionization prepared via pore-filling polymerization in a porous polyethylene supporting membrane." Reactive and Functional Polymers 132, no. : 36-42.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Journal of Hazardous Materials
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Although a thiourea-immobilized polystyrene sorbent has been reported to exhibit high Ag(+) sorption capacity (135mg/g), it is not stable under the acidic conditions commonly employed for desorption. In this research, we synthesized novel thiourea-immobilized polystyrene (TA-PS) nanoparticles to be highly acid resistant via a two-step procedure from polystyrene nanoparticles: acetylation and the subsequent immobilization of thiourea. We investigated the influences of pH, contact time, and initial concentration of AgNO3 solution on the Ag(+) sorption of the polymer nanoparticles and estimated the maximum Ag(+) sorption capacity to be 190±5mg/g at a pH of 6. The sorption performance did not significantly decrease in tap water containing competing ions. The sorption kinetic data were well fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Overall, the TA-PS nanoparticles exhibited a high Ag(+) sorption capacity and high selectivity against alkaline and alkaline earth-metal ions. In particular, their high acid resistance allows them to be used for long time periods in sorption-desorption processes.

ACS Style

Ji-In Yun; Saurabha Bhattarai; Yeoung-Sang Yun; Youn-Sik Lee. Synthesis of thiourea-immobilized polystyrene nanoparticles and their sorption behavior with respect to silver ions in aqueous phase. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2018, 344, 398 -407.

AMA Style

Ji-In Yun, Saurabha Bhattarai, Yeoung-Sang Yun, Youn-Sik Lee. Synthesis of thiourea-immobilized polystyrene nanoparticles and their sorption behavior with respect to silver ions in aqueous phase. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2018; 344 ():398-407.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ji-In Yun; Saurabha Bhattarai; Yeoung-Sang Yun; Youn-Sik Lee. 2018. "Synthesis of thiourea-immobilized polystyrene nanoparticles and their sorption behavior with respect to silver ions in aqueous phase." Journal of Hazardous Materials 344, no. : 398-407.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2017 in Desalination
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Qian Qiu; Ji-Hoon Cha; Young-Woo Choi; Jae-Hwan Choi; Junhwa Shin; Youn-Sik Lee. Preparation of polyethylene membranes filled with crosslinked sulfonated polystyrene for cation exchange and transport in membrane capacitive deionization process. Desalination 2017, 417, 87 -93.

AMA Style

Qian Qiu, Ji-Hoon Cha, Young-Woo Choi, Jae-Hwan Choi, Junhwa Shin, Youn-Sik Lee. Preparation of polyethylene membranes filled with crosslinked sulfonated polystyrene for cation exchange and transport in membrane capacitive deionization process. Desalination. 2017; 417 ():87-93.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qian Qiu; Ji-Hoon Cha; Young-Woo Choi; Jae-Hwan Choi; Junhwa Shin; Youn-Sik Lee. 2017. "Preparation of polyethylene membranes filled with crosslinked sulfonated polystyrene for cation exchange and transport in membrane capacitive deionization process." Desalination 417, no. : 87-93.

Journal article
Published: 10 August 2017 in Coatings
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In this work; the effects of an aluminum nitride (AlN) ceramic coating on the thermal conductivity of carbon fiber-reinforced composites were studied. AlN were synthesized by a wet-thermal treatment (WTT) method in the presence of copper catalysts. The WTT method was carried out in a horizontal tube furnace at above 1500 °C under an ammonia (NH3) gas atmosphere balanced by a nitrogen using aluminum chloride as a precursor. Copper catalysts pre-doped enhance the interfacial bonding of the AlN with the carbon fiber surfaces. They also help to introduce AlN bonds by interrupting aluminum oxide (Al2O3) formation in combination with oxygen. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM); Transmission electron microscopy (TEM); and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the carbon fiber surfaces and structures at each step (copper-coating step and AlN formation step). In conclusion; we have demonstrated a synthesis route for preparing an AlN coating on the carbon fiber surfaces in the presence of a metallic catalyst.

ACS Style

Hyeon-Hye Kim; Youn-Sik Lee; Dong Chul Chung; Byung-Joo Kim. Studies on Preparation and Characterization of Aluminum Nitride-Coated Carbon Fibers and Thermal Conductivity of Epoxy Matrix Composites. Coatings 2017, 7, 121 .

AMA Style

Hyeon-Hye Kim, Youn-Sik Lee, Dong Chul Chung, Byung-Joo Kim. Studies on Preparation and Characterization of Aluminum Nitride-Coated Carbon Fibers and Thermal Conductivity of Epoxy Matrix Composites. Coatings. 2017; 7 (8):121.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hyeon-Hye Kim; Youn-Sik Lee; Dong Chul Chung; Byung-Joo Kim. 2017. "Studies on Preparation and Characterization of Aluminum Nitride-Coated Carbon Fibers and Thermal Conductivity of Epoxy Matrix Composites." Coatings 7, no. 8: 121.

Note
Published: 27 January 2017 in Macromolecular Research
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ACS Style

Qian Qiu; Ji-Hoon Cha; Young-Woo Choi; Junhwa Shin; Youn-Sik Lee. Preparation of stable polyethylene membranes filled with crosslinked sulfonated polystyrene for membrane capacitive deionization by γ-irradiation. Macromolecular Research 2017, 25, 92 -95.

AMA Style

Qian Qiu, Ji-Hoon Cha, Young-Woo Choi, Junhwa Shin, Youn-Sik Lee. Preparation of stable polyethylene membranes filled with crosslinked sulfonated polystyrene for membrane capacitive deionization by γ-irradiation. Macromolecular Research. 2017; 25 (1):92-95.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qian Qiu; Ji-Hoon Cha; Young-Woo Choi; Junhwa Shin; Youn-Sik Lee. 2017. "Preparation of stable polyethylene membranes filled with crosslinked sulfonated polystyrene for membrane capacitive deionization by γ-irradiation." Macromolecular Research 25, no. 1: 92-95.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2016 in Reactive and Functional Polymers
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Polyaniline-coated polystyrene (PS/PANI) beads with an average diameter of approximately 310 nm were prepared from styrene and divinylbenzene via emulsion polymerization and subsequent oxidative polymerization of aniline. The sorption capacity of the polymer beads toward silver ions in aqueous solution increased substantially as the pH increased, up to a pH of 7, owing to more free amine and imine groups. The FE-SEM images and XRD data indicated that silver ions were reduced to form silver nanoparticles on the polymer beads. The kinetics of silver ion uptake by PS/PANI particles in a 160 ppm silver nitrate solution could be described by a pseudo-second order model. Even though the sorption isotherm correlated to the Freundlich model much better than the Langmuir model, the Langmuir model-based maximum sorption (320 mg g− 1) was closer to the experimentally obtained value of 330 mg g− 1. This study reveals that PS/PANI beads can be readily prepared in large quantities and employed as one of most efficient sorbents of silver ions in the aqueous phase. The high sorption capacity of the polymer nanoparticles was illustrated not to be affected by common alkali and alkaline earth metal ions in a simulated tap water. The PS/PANI nanoparticles were stable enough not to show any significant loss in sorption efficiency even after fourth cycle of adsorption-desorption.

ACS Style

Saurabha Bhattarai; Jong Soo Kim; Yeoung-Sang Yun; Youn-Sik Lee. Preparation of polyaniline-coated polystyrene nanoparticles for the sorption of silver ions. Reactive and Functional Polymers 2016, 105, 52 -59.

AMA Style

Saurabha Bhattarai, Jong Soo Kim, Yeoung-Sang Yun, Youn-Sik Lee. Preparation of polyaniline-coated polystyrene nanoparticles for the sorption of silver ions. Reactive and Functional Polymers. 2016; 105 ():52-59.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saurabha Bhattarai; Jong Soo Kim; Yeoung-Sang Yun; Youn-Sik Lee. 2016. "Preparation of polyaniline-coated polystyrene nanoparticles for the sorption of silver ions." Reactive and Functional Polymers 105, no. : 52-59.

Journal article
Published: 10 June 2016 in Chemical Physics Letters
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6,6′-Dibromo-N,N′-(2-octyldodecanyl)isoindigo was coupled to either 4-(N-carbazolyl)phenyl boronic acid or 9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-boronic acid to give two different conjugated molecules of P-II-P and C-II-C, respectively. The optical band gap/HOMO levels of P-II-P and C-II-C were 1.90/−5.60 eV and 1.85/−5.39 eV, respectively. Based on the experimental and calculation data, C-II-C is more highly conjugated than P-II-P. The performances of C-II-C-based photovoltaic devices were better than those of P-II-P-based devices, with the best power conversion efficiency of 0.44%.

ACS Style

Ji-Young Lee; Song-Mi Lee; Soo-Hyoung Lee; Dong-Hee Kim; Sang Hee Lee; Youn-Sik Lee. Synthesis and characterizations of carbazole–isoindigo–carbazole oligomers for photovoltaic application. Chemical Physics Letters 2016, 658, 103 -108.

AMA Style

Ji-Young Lee, Song-Mi Lee, Soo-Hyoung Lee, Dong-Hee Kim, Sang Hee Lee, Youn-Sik Lee. Synthesis and characterizations of carbazole–isoindigo–carbazole oligomers for photovoltaic application. Chemical Physics Letters. 2016; 658 ():103-108.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ji-Young Lee; Song-Mi Lee; Soo-Hyoung Lee; Dong-Hee Kim; Sang Hee Lee; Youn-Sik Lee. 2016. "Synthesis and characterizations of carbazole–isoindigo–carbazole oligomers for photovoltaic application." Chemical Physics Letters 658, no. : 103-108.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2016 in Reactive and Functional Polymers
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Naeun Kang; Junhwa Shin; Taek Sung Hwang; Youn-Sik Lee. A facile method for the preparation of poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes filled with cross-linked sulfonated polystyrene. Reactive and Functional Polymers 2016, 99, 42 -48.

AMA Style

Naeun Kang, Junhwa Shin, Taek Sung Hwang, Youn-Sik Lee. A facile method for the preparation of poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes filled with cross-linked sulfonated polystyrene. Reactive and Functional Polymers. 2016; 99 ():42-48.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Naeun Kang; Junhwa Shin; Taek Sung Hwang; Youn-Sik Lee. 2016. "A facile method for the preparation of poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes filled with cross-linked sulfonated polystyrene." Reactive and Functional Polymers 99, no. : 42-48.

Journal article
Published: 15 September 2014 in Macromolecular Research
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In general, excessive water uptake of highly sulfonated aromatic hydrocarbon membranes limits their use in the fabrication of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this study, sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) was successfully crosslinked using 4-vinylbenzyl chloride as a crosslinking agent via electron beam (EB) irradiation and subsequent Friedel-Craft reaction. The crosslinking process significantly reduced the water uptake and methanol permeability of the SPEEK membranes, and greatly improved their dimensional stability and mechanical strength, although with a slight reduction in elongation at break. The process reduced the proton conductivity of the SPEEK membranes, but the proton conductivities of the crosslinked SPEEK membranes remained comparable to that of Nafion 212. The study results demonstrated the potential of the proposed crosslinking procedure to overcome excessive water uptake-induced problems of highly sulfonated aromatic hydrocarbon membranes.

ACS Style

Eun-Byul Lee; Qing Bo Meng; Junhwa Shin; Youn-Sik Lee. Preparation and characterization of crosslinked sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) membranes using 4-vinylbenzyl chloride via electron beam irradiation and subsequent Friedel-Craft reaction. Macromolecular Research 2014, 22, 1090 -1095.

AMA Style

Eun-Byul Lee, Qing Bo Meng, Junhwa Shin, Youn-Sik Lee. Preparation and characterization of crosslinked sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) membranes using 4-vinylbenzyl chloride via electron beam irradiation and subsequent Friedel-Craft reaction. Macromolecular Research. 2014; 22 (10):1090-1095.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eun-Byul Lee; Qing Bo Meng; Junhwa Shin; Youn-Sik Lee. 2014. "Preparation and characterization of crosslinked sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) membranes using 4-vinylbenzyl chloride via electron beam irradiation and subsequent Friedel-Craft reaction." Macromolecular Research 22, no. 10: 1090-1095.