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Purpose This paper explores the role of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as a tourism recovery drawcard to boost China's inbound tourism after COVID-19. Design/methodology/approach This paper employed a mixed method involving a cross-disciplinary literature review along with reflections from experts in TCM and health communication to inform tourism management. Specifically, this paper examines TCM and its potential benefits as a medical tourism drawcard to combat COVID-19. The selected literature focusses on the image and merits of TCM to frame how this medical philosophy can be used to position China as a tourist destination. Reflections on the use of TCM as a tourism marketing tool can guide promotional strategies from the Chinese government and destination managers during and after COVID-19. Findings The Chinese government, the tourism industry (e.g. destination managers), the media and tourists must focus on three aspects of the role of TCM: to provide medical benefits to travellers amid COVID-19 and beyond, elevate China as a destination for global medical tourists and be leveraged as a tool for economic recovery. Practical implications The paper builds a tourism recovery framework for stakeholders to adopt tailored TCM communication strategies to boost its inbound tourism programme. Originality/value This paper is the first academic paper to review TCM comprehensively and critically in relation to China tourism and post-COVID-19 recovery measures.
Jun Wen; Carol Chunfeng Wang; Edmund Goh; Zhaohui Su; Tianyu Ying. Traditional Chinese medicine as a tourism recovery drawcard to boost China's inbound tourism after COVID-19. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 2021, ahead-of-p, 1 .
AMA StyleJun Wen, Carol Chunfeng Wang, Edmund Goh, Zhaohui Su, Tianyu Ying. Traditional Chinese medicine as a tourism recovery drawcard to boost China's inbound tourism after COVID-19. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics. 2021; ahead-of-p (ahead-of-p):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJun Wen; Carol Chunfeng Wang; Edmund Goh; Zhaohui Su; Tianyu Ying. 2021. "Traditional Chinese medicine as a tourism recovery drawcard to boost China's inbound tourism after COVID-19." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics ahead-of-p, no. ahead-of-p: 1.
The hospitality industry has been suffering from a pervasive climate of suspicion among guests who are concerned about potential hygiene or safety issues. From the perspective of protection motivation theory, this study presents a conceptual model elucidating the underlying mechanism through which generalized distrust shapes hotel guests' defensive coping behavior. Exploratory semi-structured interviews and online posts were combined to identify hotel guests' on-site coping strategies and underlying mechanisms. Then, an online questionnaire was distributed to 532 respondents, and structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed research model. Results provide empirical support for the “cognition–emotion–coping behavior” pattern in cognitive appraisal theory. This study offers valuable insight into the management of hotel guests’ generalized distrust.
Tianyu Ying; Xiaoyuan Tan; Wei Wei; Yanyan Zheng; Shun Ye; Maoying Wu. “I have to watch my back”: Exploring Chinese hotel guests’ generalized distrust and coping behavior. Tourism Management 2021, 86, 104355 .
AMA StyleTianyu Ying, Xiaoyuan Tan, Wei Wei, Yanyan Zheng, Shun Ye, Maoying Wu. “I have to watch my back”: Exploring Chinese hotel guests’ generalized distrust and coping behavior. Tourism Management. 2021; 86 ():104355.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTianyu Ying; Xiaoyuan Tan; Wei Wei; Yanyan Zheng; Shun Ye; Maoying Wu. 2021. "“I have to watch my back”: Exploring Chinese hotel guests’ generalized distrust and coping behavior." Tourism Management 86, no. : 104355.
Integrating craft heritage with tourism activities is one way to perpetuate craft culture. The museums alongside Hangzhou's Grand Canal innovatively address craft heritage perpetuation by fostering interactions between visitors and craft-makers. Combining social practice theory with interaction ritual theory, this study explores the viability of this initiative through interviews with artisans who work in museums and interact with visitors. Craft-makers' work routines consist of three practices: cultural production, transmission, and operation. These practices demonstrate both collaborative and competitive relationships. The nature of relationships depends on whether or not ritual ingredients are congruent. The craft-makers develop different levels of agency to cope with tensions. This study enhances understanding of heritage perpetuation and visitor engagement.
Mao-Ying Wu; Yixuan Tong; Geoffrey Wall; Tianyu Ying. Cultural production and transmission in museums: A social practice perspective. Annals of Tourism Research 2020, 87, 103130 .
AMA StyleMao-Ying Wu, Yixuan Tong, Geoffrey Wall, Tianyu Ying. Cultural production and transmission in museums: A social practice perspective. Annals of Tourism Research. 2020; 87 ():103130.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMao-Ying Wu; Yixuan Tong; Geoffrey Wall; Tianyu Ying. 2020. "Cultural production and transmission in museums: A social practice perspective." Annals of Tourism Research 87, no. : 103130.
Destinations are vulnerable to natural disasters, which can result in damage to infrastructure and built facilities, negative destination images, and a difficult time of recovery. Recently, a growing number of destinations have incorporated tourism development in their disaster relief efforts and used post-disaster tourism as a strategy to enhance local livelihoods and build community resilience. Guided by the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework for Tourism (SLFT), this study analyzed the case of Aceh, Indonesia, a destination that had been struck by a severe natural disaster and developed tsunami tourism as a strategy to recover. The data were collected through focus group interviews among local stakeholders. Based on the SLFT, this study employed a deductive approach to analyze the data and identified six themes. The findings not only validated the applicability of the SLFT to a post-disaster tourism development context, but also revealed how tourism could contribute to various community assets and a resilient destination in the aftermath of a crisis. The study also underscored the importance of local culture and religion during the recovery process. Based on the findings, further discussions are provided regarding the dynamics involving sustainable development, post-disaster tourism, and resilient destinations.
Bingjie Liu-Lastres; Dini Mariska; Xiaoyuan Tan; Tianyu Ying. Can post-disaster tourism development improve destination livelihoods? A case study of Aceh, Indonesia. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 2020, 18, 100510 -100510.
AMA StyleBingjie Liu-Lastres, Dini Mariska, Xiaoyuan Tan, Tianyu Ying. Can post-disaster tourism development improve destination livelihoods? A case study of Aceh, Indonesia. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. 2020; 18 ():100510-100510.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBingjie Liu-Lastres; Dini Mariska; Xiaoyuan Tan; Tianyu Ying. 2020. "Can post-disaster tourism development improve destination livelihoods? A case study of Aceh, Indonesia." Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 18, no. : 100510-100510.
Pets have become increasingly important companions for modern families in daily life and during vacations. Yet traveling with pets involves various uncertainties and constraints that can inhibit tourists' participation. Drawing upon the constraint-negotiation model, this two-step, mixed-methods study examines how these constraints may influence pet owners' travel intentions and how such barriers can be overcome. A qualitative investigation was first conducted based on online user-generated content from 71 Chinese bloggers. Thematic analysis informed the development of an extended constraint-negotiation framework featuring learned helplessness. The extended model was then tested using survey data from 615 Chinese pet owners. Findings suggest that while perceived constraints can inhibit traveling with pets through increased learned helplessness, negotiation can reduce helplessness and encourage pet owners’ tourism participation. Implications and limitations are also discussed.
Tianyu Ying; Jingyi Tang; Jun Wen; Shun Ye; Yaqing Zhou; Fangxuan (Sam) Li. Traveling with pets: Constraints, negotiation, and learned helplessness. Tourism Management 2020, 82, 104183 .
AMA StyleTianyu Ying, Jingyi Tang, Jun Wen, Shun Ye, Yaqing Zhou, Fangxuan (Sam) Li. Traveling with pets: Constraints, negotiation, and learned helplessness. Tourism Management. 2020; 82 ():104183.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTianyu Ying; Jingyi Tang; Jun Wen; Shun Ye; Yaqing Zhou; Fangxuan (Sam) Li. 2020. "Traveling with pets: Constraints, negotiation, and learned helplessness." Tourism Management 82, no. : 104183.
This study examines the relationships between Chinese cultural values and Chinese tourist motivations when visiting Israel as an emerging destination. Using two rounds of questionnaire surveys supplemented by in-depth interviews, the study identified seven major motivations for Chinese tourists to visit Israel: knowledge enhancement/learning, business development, sightseeing, self-fulfilment, escape/relaxation, destination uniqueness, and adventure. Business development was a unique motivation factor in this study context. Chinese cultural values underlying tourists’ visits to Israel comprised three categories: life enrichment and quality, traditional personal values, and modern personal values. Canonical correlation analysis revealed that all motivations except destination uniqueness were correlated with the three cultural values; specifically, business development and self-fulfilment were more associated with modern personal values, while sightseeing was correlated to life enrichment and quality. This study provides empirical evidence on the relationships between cultural values and travel motivations in a Chinese context. Practical implications are discussed.
Jun Wen; Songshan (Sam) Huang; Tianyu Ying. Relationships between Chinese cultural values and tourist motivations: A study of Chinese tourists visiting Israel. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 2019, 14, 100367 .
AMA StyleJun Wen, Songshan (Sam) Huang, Tianyu Ying. Relationships between Chinese cultural values and tourist motivations: A study of Chinese tourists visiting Israel. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. 2019; 14 ():100367.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJun Wen; Songshan (Sam) Huang; Tianyu Ying. 2019. "Relationships between Chinese cultural values and tourist motivations: A study of Chinese tourists visiting Israel." Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 14, no. : 100367.
Stakeholder collaboration has become a critical issue in sustainable tourism policy due to the increasing complexity and interdisciplinary nature of the domain. Policymaking should reflect tourism values through a dynamic system in which stakeholders come to a consensus on sustainability issues via ongoing interactive engagement. Taking Singapore’s hotel sector as a case, this study explores how stakeholder relationships contribute to participatory policymaking on sustainable water management. Based on a survey of 33 relevant organisations, this research applies network analysis to investigate stakeholder collaboration within this policy domain. While the policymaking process is derived from a complex web of actors and their formal and informal interactions, the national water agency of Singapore and some private businesses were found to be centrally located in the policy network. The aforementioned government body is also perceived to hold the greatest legitimacy, power, and urgency over others in the policy domain. Central stakeholders were found to play an important “bridging” role in terms of the interconnectedness of policy actors across boundaries of the public, private, and third sectors. These prominent political and industry players were also likely to exert control over the policymaking process and access to important resources based on their favourable network positions.
Xiao Hu; Brent Lovelock; Tianyu Ying; Sarah Mager. Stakeholder Collaboration on Policymaking for Sustainable Water Management in Singapore’s Hotel Sector: A Network Analysis. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2360 .
AMA StyleXiao Hu, Brent Lovelock, Tianyu Ying, Sarah Mager. Stakeholder Collaboration on Policymaking for Sustainable Water Management in Singapore’s Hotel Sector: A Network Analysis. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (8):2360.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiao Hu; Brent Lovelock; Tianyu Ying; Sarah Mager. 2019. "Stakeholder Collaboration on Policymaking for Sustainable Water Management in Singapore’s Hotel Sector: A Network Analysis." Sustainability 11, no. 8: 2360.
Purpose This paper aims to model and empirically test the determinants of small accommodation business (SAB) size. Design/methodology/approach This study distinguishes among three aspects of SAB size (accommodation scale, investment and employment) and between two modes of growth (managerial and entrepreneurial growth). A conceptual framework was developed based on business growth theory, whereby three econometric models were constructed and estimated to predict size variations. Data were collected through a survey on 200 SABs in North Zhejiang Province of China. Effects of the determinants were contrasted between different size indicators. Findings The SAB size can be affected by personal factors (employed working experience, education level, industry-specific know-how), interpersonal factor (relative ties to other SABs) and environmental factor (association support). The interpersonal and environmental factors tend to contribute to managerial growth, while the personal factors are usually conducive to entrepreneurial growth. Research limitations/implications This study addresses the questions of “why some SABs grow larger in size than others” and “why different SABs grow in different ways”. But more contexts and business types should be examined so as to ensure generalizability through future studies. Practical implications The research findings can provide guidelines for local tourism administration to encourage or regulate SAB development. Originality/value This study is among the first endeavors to examine the multidimensionality and determinants of business size in tourism and hospitality; it contributes to literature by expanding tourism entrepreneurship research into a/the “growth paradigm”.
Shun Ye; Honggen Xiao; Tianyu Ying; Lingqiang Zhou. Determinants of small accommodation business size. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 2019, 31, 1626 -1646.
AMA StyleShun Ye, Honggen Xiao, Tianyu Ying, Lingqiang Zhou. Determinants of small accommodation business size. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 2019; 31 (4):1626-1646.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShun Ye; Honggen Xiao; Tianyu Ying; Lingqiang Zhou. 2019. "Determinants of small accommodation business size." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 31, no. 4: 1626-1646.
In the wake of the early liberal policies of the Dutch government, coffee shops in Amsterdam have become famous for their outright sale and free use of cannabis-related products. Based on a sample of 654 Chinese tourists who consumed cannabis during their vacation in the city, this study proposes three clusters of cannabis tourists: cannabis enthusiasts, diversionists/recreationists, and the curious. Significant differences in sociodemographic characteristics and behavioural intentions were detected among these clusters. In light of the commercialization of cannabis in other destinations across the world, the research proceeded to discuss theoretical and practical implications for marketers and managers in the tourism industry.
Jun Wen; Fang Meng; Tianyu Ying; Yaniv Belhassen. A study of segmentation of cannabis-oriented tourists from China based on motivation. Current Issues in Tourism 2019, 23, 36 -51.
AMA StyleJun Wen, Fang Meng, Tianyu Ying, Yaniv Belhassen. A study of segmentation of cannabis-oriented tourists from China based on motivation. Current Issues in Tourism. 2019; 23 (1):36-51.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJun Wen; Fang Meng; Tianyu Ying; Yaniv Belhassen. 2019. "A study of segmentation of cannabis-oriented tourists from China based on motivation." Current Issues in Tourism 23, no. 1: 36-51.
Despite its global popularity, the Web-based Peer-to-Peer (P2P) accommodation platform (e.g. Airbnb, Xiaozhu.com) commonly suffers insufficient customer trust due to its lean human/social elements. This study examines a soft strategy of trust establishment that addresses the impersonal nature of Web-mediation by improving social presence, and assesses its applicability and functional mechanism in the context of P2P sharing economy. Specifically, this study models and tests a social presence-utilitarian/hedonic engagement-trust-purchase intention framework. Data was collected from 571 Chinese P2P accommodation customers, and analyzed using structural equation model. The result confirms that social presence does enhance P2P customer trust and purchase intention via both utilitarian and hedonic engagement. Implications and limitations are also discussed.
Shun Ye; Tianyu Ying; Lingqiang Zhou; Tianyi Wang. Enhancing customer trust in peer-to-peer accommodation: A “soft” strategy via social presence. International Journal of Hospitality Management 2018, 79, 1 -10.
AMA StyleShun Ye, Tianyu Ying, Lingqiang Zhou, Tianyi Wang. Enhancing customer trust in peer-to-peer accommodation: A “soft” strategy via social presence. International Journal of Hospitality Management. 2018; 79 ():1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShun Ye; Tianyu Ying; Lingqiang Zhou; Tianyi Wang. 2018. "Enhancing customer trust in peer-to-peer accommodation: A “soft” strategy via social presence." International Journal of Hospitality Management 79, no. : 1-10.
The role of children in family tourism has been recognized increasingly. However, their travel experiences are under-researched. This is the first study that focuses on children's views of family tourism in the world's most populous country, China. It explores Chinese children's views of family tourism experiences. More than one hundred (139) children aged 8–11 from three schools in a coastal Chinese city participated in the research by drawing pictures and sharing stories with the researchers. The results suggest that Chinese children, at least in these schools, have extensive travel experiences and a clear idea of what constitutes a memorable family tourism experience. Such experiences usually occur with their nuclear family, and are centered upon family togetherness and physical activities. Animal encounters, tasting local food, and appreciation of natural and built environments also matter. As future tourists, their views offer implications for destinations interested in attracting more Chinese tourists.
Mao-Ying Wu; Geoffrey Wall; Yujie Zu; Tianyu Ying. Chinese children's family tourism experiences. Tourism Management Perspectives 2018, 29, 166 -175.
AMA StyleMao-Ying Wu, Geoffrey Wall, Yujie Zu, Tianyu Ying. Chinese children's family tourism experiences. Tourism Management Perspectives. 2018; 29 ():166-175.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMao-Ying Wu; Geoffrey Wall; Yujie Zu; Tianyu Ying. 2018. "Chinese children's family tourism experiences." Tourism Management Perspectives 29, no. : 166-175.
Sex and tourism has long been understudied. Little is known about tourists' motivations for consuming commercial sex while travelling, and even less, if indeed anything, is known about that of Chinese outbound tourists in particular. Based on twenty interviews and two surveys with a sample of 534 male Chinese tourists who had engaged in commercial sex when travelling overseas in the previous 12 months, this study aimed first to explore why male Chinese tourists travelled overseas and purchased commercial sex, and second to construct a comprehensive scale for measuring male tourists’ motivations for overseas commercial sex. With acceptable reliability and validity, the measurement scale yielded in this study consisted of eight motivation dimensions labelled as socialisation, relaxation and escape, travel-related novelty, sexual desire fulfillment/excitement seeking, sex-related learning, sexual mastery, social prestige, and business/pragmatic purpose. Both the theoretical and methodological implications related to the developed scale are also discussed.
Tianyu Ying; Jun Wen. Exploring the male Chinese tourists’ motivation for commercial sex when travelling overseas: Scale construction and validation. Tourism Management 2018, 70, 479 -490.
AMA StyleTianyu Ying, Jun Wen. Exploring the male Chinese tourists’ motivation for commercial sex when travelling overseas: Scale construction and validation. Tourism Management. 2018; 70 ():479-490.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTianyu Ying; Jun Wen. 2018. "Exploring the male Chinese tourists’ motivation for commercial sex when travelling overseas: Scale construction and validation." Tourism Management 70, no. : 479-490.
North Korea's 2016, and subsequent 2017, nuclear tests have triggered a series of new security crises in the region. This study attempts to understand how experienced Chinese tourists respond to such destination crises by examining changes in their perceived destination image of North Korea and their intention to revisit the country following the January 2016 nuclear tests. Built upon 32 semistructured interviews, the study's findings suggest that North Korea's most recent series of nuclear tests led to divergent perceptions among different groups of Chinese tourists, border residents, and tour operators as to whether North Korea remains a safe destination for Chinese tourists to visit. While the nuclear crisis has largely contributed to Chinese tourists’ negative destination image of North Korea, it does not necessarily scare them away. Results show that some Chinese tourists see North Korea as an even more ‘mysterious’ country after the recent crisis, a response that has actually stimulated their intention to revisit the country.
Fangxuan Li; Jun Wen; Tianyu Ying. The influence of crisis on tourists’ perceived destination image and revisit intention: An exploratory study of Chinese tourists to North Korea. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 2018, 9, 104 -111.
AMA StyleFangxuan Li, Jun Wen, Tianyu Ying. The influence of crisis on tourists’ perceived destination image and revisit intention: An exploratory study of Chinese tourists to North Korea. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. 2018; 9 ():104-111.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFangxuan Li; Jun Wen; Tianyu Ying. 2018. "The influence of crisis on tourists’ perceived destination image and revisit intention: An exploratory study of Chinese tourists to North Korea." Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 9, no. : 104-111.
Tianyu Ying; Jun Wen; Chun Hung Roberts Law; Liang Wang; William C. Norman. Examining the efficacy of self-classification approach in segmenting special-interest tourists: food tourism case. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research 2018, 23, 961 -974.
AMA StyleTianyu Ying, Jun Wen, Chun Hung Roberts Law, Liang Wang, William C. Norman. Examining the efficacy of self-classification approach in segmenting special-interest tourists: food tourism case. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research. 2018; 23 (10):961-974.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTianyu Ying; Jun Wen; Chun Hung Roberts Law; Liang Wang; William C. Norman. 2018. "Examining the efficacy of self-classification approach in segmenting special-interest tourists: food tourism case." Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research 23, no. 10: 961-974.
Liang Wang; Henry Tsai; Tianyu Ying. INTRINSIC MOTIVATORS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL BENEFITS OF CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT IN TOURISM SOCIAL MEDIA SITES. Global Fashion Management Conference 2018, 2018, 408 -409.
AMA StyleLiang Wang, Henry Tsai, Tianyu Ying. INTRINSIC MOTIVATORS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL BENEFITS OF CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT IN TOURISM SOCIAL MEDIA SITES. Global Fashion Management Conference. 2018; 2018 ():408-409.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiang Wang; Henry Tsai; Tianyu Ying. 2018. "INTRINSIC MOTIVATORS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL BENEFITS OF CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT IN TOURISM SOCIAL MEDIA SITES." Global Fashion Management Conference 2018, no. : 408-409.
Despite Chinese visitors’ mounting interest in Cuba and especially its cigars, there has been scarce attention paid to the cigar tourism-related motivations of Chinese outbound tourists to Cuba. Based on 15 interviews and a survey with 459 Chinese tourists who had visited Cuba in the previous 12 months, this study developed a measurement scale for the motivations of Chinese tourists visiting Cuba as a tourism destination. This scale consists of seven motivation dimensions labelled as Relaxation & escape, Cigar authenticity seeking, Socialistic nostalgia, Social prestige, Destination-specific attraction, Cigar-related learning, and Social bonding. Further cluster analysis was performed, as a result of which Chinese tourists were segmented into three clusters based on the variation in the identified motivations: authenticity-oriented, culture-oriented, and bonding-oriented tourists. Significant differences in socio-demographic characteristics were detected among these clusters. Both the theoretical and methodological implications are discussed.
Tianyu Ying; Wei Wei; Jun Wen; Liang Wang; Shun Ye. Chinese cigar tourists to Cuba: A motivation-based segmentation. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 2018, 10, 112 -121.
AMA StyleTianyu Ying, Wei Wei, Jun Wen, Liang Wang, Shun Ye. Chinese cigar tourists to Cuba: A motivation-based segmentation. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. 2018; 10 ():112-121.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTianyu Ying; Wei Wei; Jun Wen; Liang Wang; Shun Ye. 2018. "Chinese cigar tourists to Cuba: A motivation-based segmentation." Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 10, no. : 112-121.
Language barriers can negatively affect Chinese outbound tourists’ overseas travel experiences, highlighting the significance of language facilitation during overseas traveling. With survey data of 256 Chinese guests in two New Zealand upscale hotels, this study performed importance–performance and gap analyses on 19 language facilitation attributes. Results revealed that when resources are limited, priority should be given to improving Chinese language facilitation in room safety and security, in-room entertainment, and tourism information. Furthermore, this study reveals that the relationship between tourists’ perceived language barrier and hotel-stay satisfaction varies across socio-demographic characteristic, English language proficiency, and preferences for accommodation standards.
Tianyu Ying; Jun Wen; Liang Wang. Language facilitation for outbound Chinese tourists: importance–performance and gap analyses of New Zealand hotels. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 2018, 35, 1 -12.
AMA StyleTianyu Ying, Jun Wen, Liang Wang. Language facilitation for outbound Chinese tourists: importance–performance and gap analyses of New Zealand hotels. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 2018; 35 (9):1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTianyu Ying; Jun Wen; Liang Wang. 2018. "Language facilitation for outbound Chinese tourists: importance–performance and gap analyses of New Zealand hotels." Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 35, no. 9: 1-12.
Jun Wen; Fang Meng; Tianyu Ying; Hongxia Qi; Tim Lockyer. Drug tourism motivation of Chinese outbound tourists: Scale development and validation. Tourism Management 2018, 64, 233 -244.
AMA StyleJun Wen, Fang Meng, Tianyu Ying, Hongxia Qi, Tim Lockyer. Drug tourism motivation of Chinese outbound tourists: Scale development and validation. Tourism Management. 2018; 64 ():233-244.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJun Wen; Fang Meng; Tianyu Ying; Hongxia Qi; Tim Lockyer. 2018. "Drug tourism motivation of Chinese outbound tourists: Scale development and validation." Tourism Management 64, no. : 233-244.