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This paper investigates the role of women’s labor force participation in the household’s dietary diversity and the value of home-production. Using unique household panel data from Semi-Arid tropics of India, empirical estimations from a household fixed effects model reveal a positive significant effect of workdays of women on dietary diversity (overall and home-produced) and home-production. Our findings highlight a significant heterogeneity in the effect by type of work—paid and unpaid. The results for paid work are driven by a greater decision-making power emanating from labor force participation of women. Unpaid work, on the other hand, operates through the self-consumption of home-produced goods. We show that correcting for endogenous labor force participation of women leaves our conclusions unchanged. The results suggest that interventions boosting female labor force participation in paid activities are nutrition enhancing for the household and work towards improving women’s bargaining power within the household. Moreover, we rule out deleterious effects on health indicators of women despite increased time burden.
Nikita Sangwan; Shalander Kumar. Labor force participation of rural women and the household’s nutrition: Panel data evidence from SAT India. Food Policy 2021, 102, 102117 .
AMA StyleNikita Sangwan, Shalander Kumar. Labor force participation of rural women and the household’s nutrition: Panel data evidence from SAT India. Food Policy. 2021; 102 ():102117.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNikita Sangwan; Shalander Kumar. 2021. "Labor force participation of rural women and the household’s nutrition: Panel data evidence from SAT India." Food Policy 102, no. : 102117.
We study the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the groundnut value chain and all the actors involved in its value chain in Ananthapuramu district of Andhra Pradesh, a leading groundnut producing state in south India. The results revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic created a double burden on farmers by disrupting farm production on one side and decreased diet diversity on the other. Disruption in farm productions resulted in a decline in household income and increased consumer food prices. The effect on farmers snowballed to other actors in the value chain, and all the actors were affected variably. Availability of storage infrastructure would have saved the farmer’s household income to some extent during the pandemic. Supply of diverse nutrient foods through the existing public distribution system, which mostly provides wheat and rice, might have helped tackle the diet diversity issue amongst farmers. Farmer’s collectives were perceived to reduce the negative impact during natural disasters like the COVID-19 pandemic by helping to organise smallholder farmers, minimise transaction costs and increase their bargaining power. In addition, effective farm extension services, including market information, could have benefited farmers during the crisis.
Ravi Nandi; Swamikannu Nedumaran; Aravazhi Selvaraj; Saikat Datta Mazumdar; Shalander Kumar. The COVID-19 Induced Disruptions across Groundnut Value Chain: Empirical Evidence from South India. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1707 .
AMA StyleRavi Nandi, Swamikannu Nedumaran, Aravazhi Selvaraj, Saikat Datta Mazumdar, Shalander Kumar. The COVID-19 Induced Disruptions across Groundnut Value Chain: Empirical Evidence from South India. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):1707.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRavi Nandi; Swamikannu Nedumaran; Aravazhi Selvaraj; Saikat Datta Mazumdar; Shalander Kumar. 2021. "The COVID-19 Induced Disruptions across Groundnut Value Chain: Empirical Evidence from South India." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 1707.
Anjani Kumar; Arabinda K. Padhee; Shalander Kumar. How Indian agriculture should change after COVID-19. 2020, 1 -4.
AMA StyleAnjani Kumar, Arabinda K. Padhee, Shalander Kumar. How Indian agriculture should change after COVID-19. . 2020; ():1-4.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnjani Kumar; Arabinda K. Padhee; Shalander Kumar. 2020. "How Indian agriculture should change after COVID-19." , no. : 1-4.
The COVID-19 crisis has exposed the vulnerability of India’s Agri food system and accentuated the need for agricultural market reforms and digital solutions to connect farmers to markets, to create safety nets and ensure reasonable working conditions, and to decentralize Agri food systems to make them more resilient.
Anjani Kumar; Arabinda K. Padhee; Shalander Kumar. How Indian agriculture should change after COVID-19. Food Security 2020, 12, 837 -840.
AMA StyleAnjani Kumar, Arabinda K. Padhee, Shalander Kumar. How Indian agriculture should change after COVID-19. Food Security. 2020; 12 (4):837-840.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnjani Kumar; Arabinda K. Padhee; Shalander Kumar. 2020. "How Indian agriculture should change after COVID-19." Food Security 12, no. 4: 837-840.
Using panel data from 256 smallholder households from 2006 to 2014 in three semiarid regions India, this study develops a framework for quantifying vulnerability and resilience by accounting for a smallholder household’s ability to adapt and respond to climatic risk. Findings indicate that although smallholders with smaller landholdings are more vulnerable to climatic risk (drought, in our case), they are also more resilient than their counterparts. Results reveal that cropping intensity and crop risk increase the vulnerability of smallholders to climatic risk, but large farms are less vulnerable. Diversification in on-farm enterprises, like livestock units, and off-farm income sources, play significant roles in increasing smallholder households’ resilience to climatic risk. Other drivers of resiliency include the choice of cash and risky crops, borrowing capacity, liquid investments, and the ability to regain yields.
Shalander Kumar; Ashok K. Mishra; Soumitra Pramanik; Sravya Mamidanna; Anthony Whitbread. Climate risk, vulnerability and resilience: Supporting livelihood of smallholders in semiarid India. Land Use Policy 2020, 97, 104729 .
AMA StyleShalander Kumar, Ashok K. Mishra, Soumitra Pramanik, Sravya Mamidanna, Anthony Whitbread. Climate risk, vulnerability and resilience: Supporting livelihood of smallholders in semiarid India. Land Use Policy. 2020; 97 ():104729.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShalander Kumar; Ashok K. Mishra; Soumitra Pramanik; Sravya Mamidanna; Anthony Whitbread. 2020. "Climate risk, vulnerability and resilience: Supporting livelihood of smallholders in semiarid India." Land Use Policy 97, no. : 104729.
This dataset belongs to a framed economic field experiment conducted in 2016 in Bhilwara district in Rajasthan state in India. A public good game was framed as dam management challenge. We made incentivized payments based on the game earnings. The data are organized as a panel defined by players and experiment rounds. The dataset contains the experiment decisions in different phases of the experiment as well as socio-economic variables of the anonymized players. The data can be accessed through the Dataverse of the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) under the following link: https://doi.org/10.21421/D2/MFT8ZD. The data article is related to the research article Falk et al. [2] on “Experimental games for developing institutional capacity to manage common water infrastructure in India”.
Thomas Falk; Shalander Kumar; Srinivasa Srigiri. Public good experiment data of a water game framed to Rajasthan/India. Data in Brief 2019, 27, 104556 .
AMA StyleThomas Falk, Shalander Kumar, Srinivasa Srigiri. Public good experiment data of a water game framed to Rajasthan/India. Data in Brief. 2019; 27 ():104556.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThomas Falk; Shalander Kumar; Srinivasa Srigiri. 2019. "Public good experiment data of a water game framed to Rajasthan/India." Data in Brief 27, no. : 104556.
Low and middle-income countries increasingly face a triple burden of malnutrition encompassing undernutrition, micronutrient deficiency, and excessive energy consumption contributing to overweight and obesity. Food systems are also becoming more complex, supported by investments in food processing and retailing. Traditional approaches addressing hunger, typically based on agricultural development, are deemed insufficient alone to address the problem and attention is now being directed to food value chains, although experience is currently limited. To assess the state of science and identify knowledge gaps, an integrative review of the broad topic of value chains and diet quality was undertaken, with particular focus on interventions and their related impact pathways. Interventions were classified according to their primary orientation: to increase the availability, accessibility, or desirability of nutritious food. We identified 24 separate interventions associated with 10 different impact pathways, demonstrating the numerous entry points and large potential for value chain interventions to influence diet quality. However, case study evidence regarding effectiveness remains scant. Most studies addressed individual nutrient-rich commodities that could address a nutritional deficiency in the community of interest. Rarely was overall diet quality assessed, and future studies could benefit from taking a wider perspective of dietary patterns and food substitutions. The value chain analytical approach was deemed valuable due to its consumer orientation that seeks to understand how food products are used and what motivates their choice. The systems perspective is also important as it considers the roles of actors involved in food production, distribution, marketing, and regulation. However, few studies directly engaged with the subject of the local food environment as the bridge connecting food production and food choice. The challenge is to combat the increasing prevalence of processed foods of low nutritional value through interventions that lead to nutritious food becoming more conveniently available, affordable, and desirable.
Bradley Ridoutt; Jessica R. Bogard; Kanar Dizyee; Lilly Lim-Camacho; Shalander Kumar. Value Chains and Diet Quality: A Review of Impact Pathways and Intervention Strategies. Agriculture 2019, 9, 185 .
AMA StyleBradley Ridoutt, Jessica R. Bogard, Kanar Dizyee, Lilly Lim-Camacho, Shalander Kumar. Value Chains and Diet Quality: A Review of Impact Pathways and Intervention Strategies. Agriculture. 2019; 9 (9):185.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBradley Ridoutt; Jessica R. Bogard; Kanar Dizyee; Lilly Lim-Camacho; Shalander Kumar. 2019. "Value Chains and Diet Quality: A Review of Impact Pathways and Intervention Strategies." Agriculture 9, no. 9: 185.
The design and diffusion of context-specific technologies is centrally important in the multi-dimensional, complex farming systems in arid and semi-arid regions. This paper uses a mixed-method framework to characterize the complexity and heterogeneity of smallholder farming systems and identifies constraints to and opportunities for sustainable intensification. Specifically, the study: (i) characterized farm household typologies based on the diversity of livelihood assets; (ii) co-designed context- specific interventions through an iterative participatory process; and (iii) ex-ante evaluated such interventions to inform multiple stakeholders. We explored farming system diversity using data from 224 farm households in western Rajasthan, India. Employing multivariate statistical techniques and participatory validation, we identified 7 distinct farm household types. Participatory appraisal with multiple stakeholders revealed heterogeneity across farm household types. For instance, the interest of farmers in integrating perennial fruit trees even among the rainfed farm household types markedly varied: household type 1 preferred the multipurpose forestry tree, khejri which requires low labor inputs; household type 2 preferred market-oriented horticulture production; household type 3 did not opt for perennials but for small ruminants; and household type 4 (dominated by women) opted for small horticulture kitchen gardens. The study demonstrated the utility of a mixed-methods approach that addresses multi-dimensional heterogeneity to generate insights and assist in co-designing locally appropriate technologies across different farm types and agro-ecological regions to achieve sustainable intensification.
Shalander Kumar; Peter Craufurd; Amare Haileslassie; Thiagarajah Ramilan; Abhishek Rathore; Anthony Whitbread. Farm typology analysis and technology assessment: An application in an arid region of South Asia. Land Use Policy 2019, 88, 104149 .
AMA StyleShalander Kumar, Peter Craufurd, Amare Haileslassie, Thiagarajah Ramilan, Abhishek Rathore, Anthony Whitbread. Farm typology analysis and technology assessment: An application in an arid region of South Asia. Land Use Policy. 2019; 88 ():104149.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShalander Kumar; Peter Craufurd; Amare Haileslassie; Thiagarajah Ramilan; Abhishek Rathore; Anthony Whitbread. 2019. "Farm typology analysis and technology assessment: An application in an arid region of South Asia." Land Use Policy 88, no. : 104149.
Since the 1990s, India invested more than one billion USD in participatory watershed development. Amongst other interventions, the rehabilitation of small-scale water harvesting infrastructure is a main focus. Nevertheless, despite its multiple economic and ecological benefits, many communities fail to maintain the structures. External support in this regard focuses largely on the promotion of blueprint solutions such as community water funds or organizational capacity development of Water User Associations. Little attention is paid to supporting the communities in developing rules related to the actual water and water infrastructure management. In this study we explored how experimental games closely framed to local conditions can help to better understand coordination challenges and develop institutional capacities related to managing small village reservoirs in Rajasthan/India. We played artefactual public good experiments with 300 water managers and combined the games with discussions. The approach created awareness for the cooperation challenges, facilitated debate related to possible solutions and helped to better understand cooperation patterns. Our results suggest that participants were playing substantially better than the predictions of standard economic theory but also substantially better than the behavior observed in real life. The discussions showed that the players connected the game to their real life experiences. They highlighted challenges but also gave examples where cooperation in the community is working well. The games allowed them to experiment in a compressed way with different institutions which deepened the discussion.
Thomas Falk; Shalander Kumar; Srinivasa Srigiri. Experimental games for developing institutional capacity to manage common water infrastructure in India. Agricultural Water Management 2019, 221, 260 -269.
AMA StyleThomas Falk, Shalander Kumar, Srinivasa Srigiri. Experimental games for developing institutional capacity to manage common water infrastructure in India. Agricultural Water Management. 2019; 221 ():260-269.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThomas Falk; Shalander Kumar; Srinivasa Srigiri. 2019. "Experimental games for developing institutional capacity to manage common water infrastructure in India." Agricultural Water Management 221, no. : 260-269.
A study at selected action sites in semi-arid region of Andhra Pradesh, India, showed widespread land degradation due to low levels of soil organic carbon (78% of fields) and deficiencies of available nutrients like phosphorus (34%), sulfur (93%), calcium (33%), zinc (84%), boron (73%), and copper (33%). Soil test-based addition of deficient micro- and macronutrients increased food grain production by 30–40% and straw (which is used as fodder) production by 10–30%. Micro-watershed scale low-cost cement-lined farm-ponds at smallholder farm level proved a scalable technology for drought-proofing of crops resulting into additional crop yield by more than 30% during 2015. Augmentation of water sources also facilitated farmers’ to successfully diversify the production system. Shared machinery resources improved the operational and economic efficiency of farm sowing operations through higher crop yields by around 10%. We conclude that a mix of low-cost critical interventions if out-scaled in a large number of dryland small holdings through policy support may not only improve productivity and livelihoods, but also enhance their abilities to effectively cope with the climatic aberrations.
Girish Chander; Tappari Yellamanda Reddy; Shalander Kumar; Yadati Padmalatha; Sahadeva Reddy; Gurram Adinarayana; Suhas P. Wani; Yerragonda Venkata Malla Reddy; Komuravelly Srinivas. Low-cost interventions for big impacts in dryland production systems. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 2019, 65, 1211 -1222.
AMA StyleGirish Chander, Tappari Yellamanda Reddy, Shalander Kumar, Yadati Padmalatha, Sahadeva Reddy, Gurram Adinarayana, Suhas P. Wani, Yerragonda Venkata Malla Reddy, Komuravelly Srinivas. Low-cost interventions for big impacts in dryland production systems. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science. 2019; 65 (9):1211-1222.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGirish Chander; Tappari Yellamanda Reddy; Shalander Kumar; Yadati Padmalatha; Sahadeva Reddy; Gurram Adinarayana; Suhas P. Wani; Yerragonda Venkata Malla Reddy; Komuravelly Srinivas. 2019. "Low-cost interventions for big impacts in dryland production systems." Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 65, no. 9: 1211-1222.
Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is widely promoted as an approach for reorienting agricultural development under the realities of climate change. Prioritising research-for-development activities is crucial, given the need to utilise scarce resources as effectively as possible. However, no framework exists for assessing and comparing different CSA research investments. Several aspects make it challenging to prioritise CSA research, including its multi-dimensional nature (productivity, adaptation and mitigation), the uncertainty surrounding many climate impacts, and the scale and temporal dependencies that may affect the benefits and costs of CSA adoption. Here we propose a framework for prioritising agricultural research investments across scales and review different approaches to setting priorities among agricultural research projects. Many priority-setting case studies address the short- to medium-term and at relatively local scales. We suggest that a mix of actions that span spatial and temporal time scales is needed to be adaptive to a changing climate, address immediate problems and create enabling conditions for enduring change.
Philip K. Thornton; Anthony Whitbread; Tobias Baedeker; Jill Cairns; Lieven Claessens; Walter Baethgen; Christian Bunn; Michael Friedmann; Ken E. Giller; Mario Herrero; Mark Howden; Kevin Kilcline; Vinay Nangia; Julian Ramirez-Villegas; Shalander Kumar; Paul C. West; Brian Keating. A framework for priority-setting in climate smart agriculture research. Agricultural Systems 2018, 167, 161 -175.
AMA StylePhilip K. Thornton, Anthony Whitbread, Tobias Baedeker, Jill Cairns, Lieven Claessens, Walter Baethgen, Christian Bunn, Michael Friedmann, Ken E. Giller, Mario Herrero, Mark Howden, Kevin Kilcline, Vinay Nangia, Julian Ramirez-Villegas, Shalander Kumar, Paul C. West, Brian Keating. A framework for priority-setting in climate smart agriculture research. Agricultural Systems. 2018; 167 ():161-175.
Chicago/Turabian StylePhilip K. Thornton; Anthony Whitbread; Tobias Baedeker; Jill Cairns; Lieven Claessens; Walter Baethgen; Christian Bunn; Michael Friedmann; Ken E. Giller; Mario Herrero; Mark Howden; Kevin Kilcline; Vinay Nangia; Julian Ramirez-Villegas; Shalander Kumar; Paul C. West; Brian Keating. 2018. "A framework for priority-setting in climate smart agriculture research." Agricultural Systems 167, no. : 161-175.
Purpose Changing climate has increasingly become a challenge for smallholder farmers. Identification of technical, institutional and policy interventions as coping and adaptation strategies and exploring risks of their adoption for smallholder farms are the important areas to consider. The aim of the present study was to carry out an in-depth analysis of adaptation strategies followed and the associated risk premium in technology adoption. Design/methodology/approach The study was carried out in the dryland systems of three Indian states – Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Rajasthan – and was based on a survey of 1,019 households in 2013. The flexible moment-based approach was used for estimating the stochastic production function, which allowed estimation of the relative risk premium that farmers are willing to pay while adopting the technologies to avoid crop production risks. Findings In all the three states, the risk premium (INR ha−1) was higher for farm mechanization compared to supplemental irrigation, except in the case of Andhra Pradesh. The higher the level of technology adoption, the higher the risk premium that households have to pay. This can be estimated by the higher investment needed to build infrastructure for farm mechanization and supplemental irrigation in the regions. The key determinants of technology adoption in the context of smallholder farmers were climatic shocks, investment in farm infrastructure, location of the farm, farm size, household health status, level of education, married years, expected profit and livestock ownership. Originality/value Quantification of the risk premium in technology adoption and conducting associated awareness programs for farmers and decision-makers are important to strengthen evidence-based adoption decisions in the dryland systems of India.
Krishna Reddy Kakumanu; Palanisami Kuppanan; C. R. Ranganathan; Kumar Shalander; Haileslassie Amare. Assessment of risk premium in farm technology adoption as a climate change adaptation strategy in the dryland systems of India. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 2016, 8, 689 -717.
AMA StyleKrishna Reddy Kakumanu, Palanisami Kuppanan, C. R. Ranganathan, Kumar Shalander, Haileslassie Amare. Assessment of risk premium in farm technology adoption as a climate change adaptation strategy in the dryland systems of India. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management. 2016; 8 (5):689-717.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrishna Reddy Kakumanu; Palanisami Kuppanan; C. R. Ranganathan; Kumar Shalander; Haileslassie Amare. 2016. "Assessment of risk premium in farm technology adoption as a climate change adaptation strategy in the dryland systems of India." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 8, no. 5: 689-717.
The present study argues that there are heterogeneous farm systems within the drylands and each farm system is unique in terms of its livelihood asset and agricultural practice, and therefore in sustainability. Our method is based on household survey data collected from 500 farmers in Anantapur and Kurnool Districts, in Andhra Pradesh State of India, in 2013. We carried out principal component analysis (PCA) with subsequent hierarchical clustering methods to build farm typologies. To evaluate sustainability across these farm typologies, we adopted a framework consisting of economic, social and environmental sustainability pillars and associated indicators. We normalized values of target indicators and employed normative approach to assign different weights to these indicators. Composite sustainability indices (CSI) were then estimated by means of weighted sum of indicators, aggregated and integrated into farm typologies. The results suggested that there were five distinct farm typologies representing farming systems in the study area. The majority of farms (>70%) in the study area are small and extensive (typology 1); marginal and off farm based (typology 2). About 20% of the farms are irrigation based and intensive (typology 3); small and medium and off farm based (typology 4) and irrigation based semi-intensive (typology 5). There was apparent variability among farm typologies in terms of farm structure and functions and composite sustainability indices. Farm typologies 3 and 5 showed significantly higher performances for the social and economic indices, while typologies 2 and 4 had relatively stronger values for environment. These discrepancies support the relevance of integrated farm typology- and CSI approaches in assessing system sustainability and targeting technologies. Universally, for all farm typologies, composite sustainability indices for economic pillar was significantly lower than the social and environment pillars. More than 90% of farmers were in economically less-sustainable class. The correlations between sustainability indices for economic and environment were typology specific. It was strong and positive when aggregated for the whole study systems [all samples (r = 0.183; P < 0.001)] and for agriculture dependent farm typologies (e.g. typologies 1 and 3). This suggests the need to elevate farms economic performance and capacitate them to invest in the environment. These results provide information for policy makers to plan farm typology–context technological interventions and also create baseline information to evaluate sustainability performance in terms of progress made over time
Amare Haileslassie; Peter Craufurd; Ramilan Thiagarajah; Shalander Kumar; Anthony Whitbread; Abhishek Rathor; Michael Blummel; Polly Ericsson; Krishna Reddy Kakumanu. Empirical evaluation of sustainability of divergent farms in the dryland farming systems of India. Ecological Indicators 2016, 60, 710 -723.
AMA StyleAmare Haileslassie, Peter Craufurd, Ramilan Thiagarajah, Shalander Kumar, Anthony Whitbread, Abhishek Rathor, Michael Blummel, Polly Ericsson, Krishna Reddy Kakumanu. Empirical evaluation of sustainability of divergent farms in the dryland farming systems of India. Ecological Indicators. 2016; 60 ():710-723.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmare Haileslassie; Peter Craufurd; Ramilan Thiagarajah; Shalander Kumar; Anthony Whitbread; Abhishek Rathor; Michael Blummel; Polly Ericsson; Krishna Reddy Kakumanu. 2016. "Empirical evaluation of sustainability of divergent farms in the dryland farming systems of India." Ecological Indicators 60, no. : 710-723.
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B.L. Gajja; Khem Chand; Bhagwan Singh; R.S. Mertia; Shalander Kumar. Impact Assessment of New Pearl Millet Technology in Arid Rajasthan. Agricultural Economics Research Review 2014, 27, 133 .
AMA StyleB.L. Gajja, Khem Chand, Bhagwan Singh, R.S. Mertia, Shalander Kumar. Impact Assessment of New Pearl Millet Technology in Arid Rajasthan. Agricultural Economics Research Review. 2014; 27 (1):133.
Chicago/Turabian StyleB.L. Gajja; Khem Chand; Bhagwan Singh; R.S. Mertia; Shalander Kumar. 2014. "Impact Assessment of New Pearl Millet Technology in Arid Rajasthan." Agricultural Economics Research Review 27, no. 1: 133.
Improving the productivity of rainfed agriculture and income of farmers is important to achieve sustainable and equitable growth. This paper has examined the role of technology and credit, the two important factors of agricultural growth, in increasing farm incomes using farm-level data from three rainfed districts, namely Adilabad, Mahabubnagar and Rangareddy of Andhra Pradesh for the year 2010–2011. For the study, optimum crop plans were developed in a linear programming framework, and the results have indicated considerable scope for enhancing farm incomes by re-allocation of resources, adoption of improved technologies and enhancing access to capital or credit. Improved technology could increase the net returns of farmers by 20–84 per cent, depending upon their farm categories in the study districts. In the absence of credit, the net returns declined up to 80 per cent, especially for small farmers. In the absence of credit, the suggested optimum farm plans are not income-maximizing, and were found to lead to inefficient use of resources, especially of land.
C.A. Rama Rao; Josily Samuel; Shalander Kumar; B.M.K. Raju; Ravi Dupdal; B. Venkateswarlu. Role of Technology and Credit in Improving Farm Incomes in Rainfed Regions in Andhra Pradesh. Agricultural Economics Research Review 2014, 27, 187 .
AMA StyleC.A. Rama Rao, Josily Samuel, Shalander Kumar, B.M.K. Raju, Ravi Dupdal, B. Venkateswarlu. Role of Technology and Credit in Improving Farm Incomes in Rainfed Regions in Andhra Pradesh. Agricultural Economics Research Review. 2014; 27 (2):187.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC.A. Rama Rao; Josily Samuel; Shalander Kumar; B.M.K. Raju; Ravi Dupdal; B. Venkateswarlu. 2014. "Role of Technology and Credit in Improving Farm Incomes in Rainfed Regions in Andhra Pradesh." Agricultural Economics Research Review 27, no. 2: 187.
SUMMARY This experiment was conducted to study the long-term effect of soil management treatments on crop yields, sustainability yield indices (SYI) and soil fertility in rainfed semi-arid tropical Alfisol at Hayathnagar Research Farm, Hyderabad, India, during the period 1995 to 2009. The experiment was conducted in a split–split plot design with conventional tillage (CT) and minimum tillage (MT) as main factors, surface application of sorghum stover @ 2 t ha−1 (SS), fresh Gliricidia loppings @ 2 t ha−1 (GL) and ‘no’ residue (NR) as sub-factors and levels of N viz. 0 (N0), 30 (N30), 60 (N60) and 90 (N90) kg N ha−1 as sub–sub factors in a castor–sorghum two-year rotation. On an average, CT maintained 30.4 and 57.0% higher grain yields of sorghum and castor, respectively, over MT. Between two residues, GL performed well in both the crops. The highest yields of sorghum (1425 kg ha−1) and castor (876 kg ha−1) were recorded at 90 kg N ha−1. CT maintained higher SYI of 0.44 compared to MT (0.38) and higher agronomic efficiency (AE) of 13.5 and 6.76 kg grain kg−1 N for sorghum and castor crop, respectively. Use of crop residue as mulch had an advantage in increasing the yield of both the crops with increase in rainfall under CT even without N application (control), probably by making the soil more receptive to water infiltration, better moisture storage and by reducing the evaporative losses. Using response functions, the optimum fertilizer N requirement was also computed for a given set of tillage and residue combinations. The revised optimum fertilizer N doses for sorghum and castor varied from 45 to 56 kg ha−1 and 46 to 74 kg ha−1, respectively, under different tillage and residue combinations and could be recommended depending upon the soil management practices.
J. Kusuma Grace; K. L. Sharma; D. Sumachandrika; K. Srinivas; U. K. Mandal; B. M. K. Raju; G. R. Korwar; B. Venkateswarlu; Shalander Kumar; G. R. Maruthi Sankar; Munnalal; T. Satish Kumar; K. Sammi Reddy; Reshma Shinde. EFFECT OF LONG-TERM USE OF TILLAGE, RESIDUES AND N LEVELS IN SORGHUM (SORGHUM VULGARE (L)) – CASTOR (RICINUS COMMUNIS) CROPPING SYSTEM UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS – CROP RESPONSES AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE – PART I. Experimental Agriculture 2013, 49, 395 -415.
AMA StyleJ. Kusuma Grace, K. L. Sharma, D. Sumachandrika, K. Srinivas, U. K. Mandal, B. M. K. Raju, G. R. Korwar, B. Venkateswarlu, Shalander Kumar, G. R. Maruthi Sankar, Munnalal, T. Satish Kumar, K. Sammi Reddy, Reshma Shinde. EFFECT OF LONG-TERM USE OF TILLAGE, RESIDUES AND N LEVELS IN SORGHUM (SORGHUM VULGARE (L)) – CASTOR (RICINUS COMMUNIS) CROPPING SYSTEM UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS – CROP RESPONSES AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE – PART I. Experimental Agriculture. 2013; 49 (3):395-415.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Kusuma Grace; K. L. Sharma; D. Sumachandrika; K. Srinivas; U. K. Mandal; B. M. K. Raju; G. R. Korwar; B. Venkateswarlu; Shalander Kumar; G. R. Maruthi Sankar; Munnalal; T. Satish Kumar; K. Sammi Reddy; Reshma Shinde. 2013. "EFFECT OF LONG-TERM USE OF TILLAGE, RESIDUES AND N LEVELS IN SORGHUM (SORGHUM VULGARE (L)) – CASTOR (RICINUS COMMUNIS) CROPPING SYSTEM UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS – CROP RESPONSES AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE – PART I." Experimental Agriculture 49, no. 3: 395-415.
The role of goats in the economy of the rural resource poor in India and economic losses due to mortality and morbidity at micro and macro level is important. Goats contribute more than 52% of households’ total income towards nutrition and food security of the family of goat keepers. The mortality and morbidity losses due to diseases in goats were estimated at field level in Mathura district of Uttar Pradesh State, India. The mortality rates for small, medium and large categories of goat keeping were 32.8, 32.1 and 15.8% in kids and 31.2, 19.9 and 14.9% in adult goats, respectively. The losses due to diseases in goats scaled at national level were estimated at Rs. 11,720 million per annum. The adoption of prophylactic and preventive measures in goats could result in a net savings of Rs. 5144 million per annum to the economy of the country. The study demonstrates a need to use available technology to prevent diseases in goats.
Shalander Kumar; V.S. Vihan; P.R. Deoghare. Economic implication of diseases in goats in India with reference to implementation of a health plan calendar. Small Ruminant Research 2003, 47, 159 -164.
AMA StyleShalander Kumar, V.S. Vihan, P.R. Deoghare. Economic implication of diseases in goats in India with reference to implementation of a health plan calendar. Small Ruminant Research. 2003; 47 (2):159-164.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShalander Kumar; V.S. Vihan; P.R. Deoghare. 2003. "Economic implication of diseases in goats in India with reference to implementation of a health plan calendar." Small Ruminant Research 47, no. 2: 159-164.