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Takafumi Hamaoka
Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan

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Journal article
Published: 27 May 2021 in Journal of Clinical Medicine
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This study examined the relationship between plasma amino acid (AA) concentrations, including branched-chain AAs, and brown adipose tissue density (BAT-d). One hundred and seventy-three subjects (69 men, 104 women) aged 22–68 years were recruited during the winter season. AAs were comprehensively quantified using liquid chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. The total hemoglobin concentration in the supraclavicular region ([total-Hb]sup), an indicator of BAT-d, was assessed using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy. Anthropometric parameters, including age, percentage of body fat, and visceral fat, were evaluated. Factors associated with higher (≥74 µM) or lower (<74 µM) [total-Hb]sup were investigated by multiple logistic regression models that included AA concentrations alone (model 1) or AA concentrations and anthropometric parameters (model 2) as independent variables. When adjusted for the false discovery rate, [total-Hb]sup was positively correlated with glycine and asparagine levels in men and with the serine level in both men and women and was negatively correlated with the branched-chain AA concentration in men. Models 1 and 2 correlated with higher or lower BAT-d for men (r = 0.73, p = 0.015) and women (r = 0.58, p = 0.079) and for men (r = 0.82, p = 0.0070) and women (r = 0.70, p = 0.020), respectively. A combination of anthropometric parameters and plasma AA concentrations could be a reliable biomarker for higher and lower BAT-d.

ACS Style

Miyuki Kuroiwa; Sayuri Hamaoka-Fuse; Masahiro Sugimoto; Yuko Kurosawa; Yasuko Aita; Atsumi Tomita; Mikiko Anjo; Riki Tanaka; Tasuki Endo; Ryotaro Kime; Takafumi Hamaoka. Correlation of Plasma Amino Acid and Anthropometric Profiles with Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2021, 10, 2339 .

AMA Style

Miyuki Kuroiwa, Sayuri Hamaoka-Fuse, Masahiro Sugimoto, Yuko Kurosawa, Yasuko Aita, Atsumi Tomita, Mikiko Anjo, Riki Tanaka, Tasuki Endo, Ryotaro Kime, Takafumi Hamaoka. Correlation of Plasma Amino Acid and Anthropometric Profiles with Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10 (11):2339.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miyuki Kuroiwa; Sayuri Hamaoka-Fuse; Masahiro Sugimoto; Yuko Kurosawa; Yasuko Aita; Atsumi Tomita; Mikiko Anjo; Riki Tanaka; Tasuki Endo; Ryotaro Kime; Takafumi Hamaoka. 2021. "Correlation of Plasma Amino Acid and Anthropometric Profiles with Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 11: 2339.

Journal article
Published: 02 September 2020 in Nutrients
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Capsinoids are some of the most promising ingredients to increase energy expenditure (EE) due to brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation. However, there is limited information regarding the effect of prolonged capsinoid ingestion (CI) on BAT activity and resting EE (REE) in healthy, middle-aged, normal to overweight subjects (Subhealthy) with distinct BAT characteristics. We examined the changes in BAT density (BAT-d), using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy, and REE/kg induced by daily CI. Forty Subhealthy [age, 43.8 (mean) years; BMI, 25.4 kg/m2] received either capsinoid (9 mg/day) or a placebo daily for 6 weeks in a double-blind design. Total hemoglobin concentration in the supraclavicular region ([total-Hb]sup), an indicator of BAT-d, and REE/kg were measured. The changes in post-intervention [total-Hb]sup were greater in the capsinoid group (CA-G) than in the placebo group (PL-G) [5.8 µM (+12.4%) versus 1.0 µM (+2.1%); P = 0.017]. There was a significant relationship between BAT-d and REE/kg; however, post-supplementation REE/kg was not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.228). In the overweight subgroup, changes in REE/kg were greater in the CA-G than in the PL-G [0.6 cal/kg/min (+4.3%) versus −0.3 cal/kg/min (−2.1%); P = 0.021]. CI enhanced [total-Hb]sup, a reflection of BAT-d, showing a good correlation with REE in Subhealthy.

ACS Style

Sayuri Fuse; Tasuki Endo; Riki Tanaka; Miyuki Kuroiwa; Akira Ando; Ayami Kume; Akiko Yamamoto; Kanna Kuribayashi; Shinji Somekawa; Masamichi Takeshita; Masaki Hashimoto; Ryotaro Kime; Yuko Kurosawa; Takafumi Hamaoka. Effects of Capsinoid Intake on Brown Adipose Tissue Vascular Density and Resting Energy Expenditure in Healthy, Middle-Aged Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2020, 12, 2676 .

AMA Style

Sayuri Fuse, Tasuki Endo, Riki Tanaka, Miyuki Kuroiwa, Akira Ando, Ayami Kume, Akiko Yamamoto, Kanna Kuribayashi, Shinji Somekawa, Masamichi Takeshita, Masaki Hashimoto, Ryotaro Kime, Yuko Kurosawa, Takafumi Hamaoka. Effects of Capsinoid Intake on Brown Adipose Tissue Vascular Density and Resting Energy Expenditure in Healthy, Middle-Aged Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (9):2676.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sayuri Fuse; Tasuki Endo; Riki Tanaka; Miyuki Kuroiwa; Akira Ando; Ayami Kume; Akiko Yamamoto; Kanna Kuribayashi; Shinji Somekawa; Masamichi Takeshita; Masaki Hashimoto; Ryotaro Kime; Yuko Kurosawa; Takafumi Hamaoka. 2020. "Effects of Capsinoid Intake on Brown Adipose Tissue Vascular Density and Resting Energy Expenditure in Healthy, Middle-Aged Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study." Nutrients 12, no. 9: 2676.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2020 in Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
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This study aimed to clarify whether muscle-derived irisin secretion induced by aerobic exercise training is involved in reduction of arterial stiffness via arterial nitric oxide (NO) productivity in obesity. In animal study, 16 Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats with obesity were randomly divided into 2 groups: sedentary control (OLETF-CON) and 8-week aerobic treadmill training (OLETF-EX) groups. In human study, 15 subjects with obesity completed 8-week aerobic exercise training for 45 min at 60%–70% peak oxygen uptake intensity for 3 days/week. As a result of animal study, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was decreased, and arterial phosphorylation levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), protein kinase B (Akt), and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), circulating levels of nitrite/nitrate (NOx) and irisin, and muscle messenger RNA expression of fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (Fndc5) were increased in the OLETF-EX group compared with OLETF-CON group. In a human study, regular aerobic exercise reduced cfPWV and elevated circulating levels of NOx and irisin. Furthermore, change in circulating irisin levels by regular exercise was positively correlated with circulating NOx levels and was negatively correlated with cfPWV. Thus, aerobic exercise training-induced increase in irisin secretion may be related to reduction of arterial stiffness achieved by NO production via activated arterial AMPK–Akt–eNOS signaling pathway in obesity. Novelty Aerobic exercise training promoted irisin secretion with upregulation of muscle Fndc5 gene expression in rats with obesity. Irisin affected the activation of arterial AMPK–Akt–eNOS signaling by aerobic exercise training. Increased serum irisin level by aerobic exercise training was associated with reduction of arterial stiffness in obese adults.

ACS Style

Kenichiro Inoue; Shumpei Fujie; Natsuki Hasegawa; Naoki Horii; Masataka Uchida; Keiko Iemitsu; Kiyoshi Sanada; Takafumi Hamaoka; Motoyuki Iemitsu. Aerobic exercise training-induced irisin secretion is associated with the reduction of arterial stiffness via nitric oxide production in adults with obesity. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 2020, 45, 715 -722.

AMA Style

Kenichiro Inoue, Shumpei Fujie, Natsuki Hasegawa, Naoki Horii, Masataka Uchida, Keiko Iemitsu, Kiyoshi Sanada, Takafumi Hamaoka, Motoyuki Iemitsu. Aerobic exercise training-induced irisin secretion is associated with the reduction of arterial stiffness via nitric oxide production in adults with obesity. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2020; 45 (7):715-722.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kenichiro Inoue; Shumpei Fujie; Natsuki Hasegawa; Naoki Horii; Masataka Uchida; Keiko Iemitsu; Kiyoshi Sanada; Takafumi Hamaoka; Motoyuki Iemitsu. 2020. "Aerobic exercise training-induced irisin secretion is associated with the reduction of arterial stiffness via nitric oxide production in adults with obesity." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 45, no. 7: 715-722.

Journal article
Published: 18 April 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a role in adaptive thermogenesis in response to cold environments and dietary intake via sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation. It is unclear whether physical activity increases BAT density (BAT-d). Two-hundred ninety-eight participants (age: 41.2 ± 12.1 (mean ± standard deviation), height: 163.6 ± 8.3 cm, weight: 60.2 ± 11.0 kg, body mass index (BMI): 22.4 ± 3.0 kg/m2, body fat percentage: 25.4 ± 7.5%) without smoking habits were categorized based on their physical activity levels (a group performing physical activities including walking and moderate physical activity (WM) and a group performing WM + vigorous-intensity physical activities (VWM)). We measured the total hemoglobin concentration ([Total-Hb]) in the supraclavicular region, an index of BAT-d, and anthropometric parameters. [Total-Hb] was significantly higher in VWM than WM for all participant groups presumably owing to SNS activation during vigorous-intensity physical activities, and unrelated to the amount of total physical activity levels. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis revealed that BAT-d was related to visceral fat area and VWM in men and related to body fat percentage in women. We conclude that vigorous-intensity physical activities are associated with high BAT-d in humans, especially in men.

ACS Style

Riki Tanaka; Sayuri Fuse; Miyuki Kuroiwa; Shiho Amagasa; Tasuki Endo; Akira Ando; Ryotaro Kime; Yuko Kurosawa; Takafumi Hamaoka. Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activities Are Associated with High Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 2796 .

AMA Style

Riki Tanaka, Sayuri Fuse, Miyuki Kuroiwa, Shiho Amagasa, Tasuki Endo, Akira Ando, Ryotaro Kime, Yuko Kurosawa, Takafumi Hamaoka. Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activities Are Associated with High Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (8):2796.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Riki Tanaka; Sayuri Fuse; Miyuki Kuroiwa; Shiho Amagasa; Tasuki Endo; Akira Ando; Ryotaro Kime; Yuko Kurosawa; Takafumi Hamaoka. 2020. "Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activities Are Associated with High Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8: 2796.

Journal article
Published: 03 March 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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There is little consensus regarding the impacts of physical activity and nutrient intake on bone mineral density (BMD) in subjects with high or low levels of arterial stiffness. This study was performed to investigate whether physical activity and nutrient intake are associated with BMD in middle-aged women with high levels of arterial stiffness. The study population consisted of middle-aged women aged 40–64 years (n = 22). BMD was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) was used as an indicator of arterial stiffness. Subjects were divided into two groups by median cf-PWV. Physical activity in free-living conditions was evaluated using a triaxial accelerometer. Nutrient intake was also measured using the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. In the High-PWV group, BMD showed a significant negative correlation with age. Using a partial correlation model, BMD was associated with the number of steps and unsaturated fatty acid intake in the High-PWV group. These results suggest that BMD in middle-aged women with high levels of arterial stiffness may be associated with both the number of steps and nutritional intake. Recommendations of physical activity and nutritional intake for the prevention of osteopenia should include consideration of arterial stiffness.

ACS Style

Kanako Hamaguchi; Toshiyuki Kurihara; Masahiro Fujimoto; Koji Sato; Motoyuki Iemitsu; Takafumi Hamaoka; Kiyoshi Sanada. Associations among Bone Mineral Density, Physical Activity and Nutritional Intake in Middle-Aged Women with High Levels of Arterial Stiffness: A Pilot Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 1620 .

AMA Style

Kanako Hamaguchi, Toshiyuki Kurihara, Masahiro Fujimoto, Koji Sato, Motoyuki Iemitsu, Takafumi Hamaoka, Kiyoshi Sanada. Associations among Bone Mineral Density, Physical Activity and Nutritional Intake in Middle-Aged Women with High Levels of Arterial Stiffness: A Pilot Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (5):1620.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kanako Hamaguchi; Toshiyuki Kurihara; Masahiro Fujimoto; Koji Sato; Motoyuki Iemitsu; Takafumi Hamaoka; Kiyoshi Sanada. 2020. "Associations among Bone Mineral Density, Physical Activity and Nutritional Intake in Middle-Aged Women with High Levels of Arterial Stiffness: A Pilot Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5: 1620.

Journal article
Published: 03 March 2020 in International Journal of Obesity
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Background/objectives The thermogenic function of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is generally activated in winter and tightly regulated through various metabolic processes. However, the mechanisms mediating these changes have not been elucidated in humans. Here, we investigated the relationships between BAT density (BAT-d) and lipid metabolites in plasma from men and women in the winter and summer. Subjects/methods In total, 92 plasma samples were obtained from 23 men and 23 women, aged 21–55 years, on two different occasions (summer and winter). Lipid metabolites were comprehensively quantified using liquid chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. BAT-d was evaluated by measuring total hemoglobin concentrations in the supraclavicular region using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy. Anthropometric parameters, such as the percentage of whole body fat and visceral fat area (VFA), were evaluated. Factors influencing BAT-d were investigated by univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Results A variety of metabolite peaks, such as glycerophospholipids (168 peaks), steroids and derivatives (78 peaks), fatty acyls (62 peaks), and glycerolipids (31 peaks), were detected. Univariate regression analysis, corrected by false discovery rate to yield Q values, revealed significant correlations in BAT-d and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE(46:2), r = 0.62, Q = 4.9 × 10−2) in the summer, androgens (r = 0.75, Q = 7.0 × 10−3) in the winter, and diacylglycerol (DG(36:1), r = −0.68, Q = 4.9 × 10−2) in the summer in men, but not in women. Multivariate regression analysis in the winter revealed a significant correlation between BAT-d and plasma androgens (P = 5.3 × 10−5) in men and between BAT-d and VFA (P = 2.2 × 10−3) in women. Conclusions Certain lipids in plasma showed unique correlations with BAT-d depending on sex and season. BAT-d showed a specific correlation with plasma androgens in men in the winter.

ACS Style

Sayuri Fuse; Masahiro Sugimoto; Yuko Kurosawa; Miyuki Kuroiwa; Yasuko Aita; Atsumi Tomita; Eri Yamaguchi; Riki Tanaka; Tasuki Endo; Ryotaro Kime; Takafumi Hamaoka. Relationships between plasma lipidomic profiles and brown adipose tissue density in humans. International Journal of Obesity 2020, 44, 1387 -1396.

AMA Style

Sayuri Fuse, Masahiro Sugimoto, Yuko Kurosawa, Miyuki Kuroiwa, Yasuko Aita, Atsumi Tomita, Eri Yamaguchi, Riki Tanaka, Tasuki Endo, Ryotaro Kime, Takafumi Hamaoka. Relationships between plasma lipidomic profiles and brown adipose tissue density in humans. International Journal of Obesity. 2020; 44 (6):1387-1396.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sayuri Fuse; Masahiro Sugimoto; Yuko Kurosawa; Miyuki Kuroiwa; Yasuko Aita; Atsumi Tomita; Eri Yamaguchi; Riki Tanaka; Tasuki Endo; Ryotaro Kime; Takafumi Hamaoka. 2020. "Relationships between plasma lipidomic profiles and brown adipose tissue density in humans." International Journal of Obesity 44, no. 6: 1387-1396.

Review
Published: 29 July 2019 in The Journal of Physiological Sciences
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Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has become an increasingly valuable tool to monitor tissue oxygenation (Toxy) in vivo. Observations of changes in the absorption of light with Toxy have been recognized as early as 1876, leading to a milestone NIRS paper by Jöbsis in 1977. Changes in the absorption and scatting of light in the 700-850-nm range has been successfully used to evaluate Toxy. The most practical devices use continuous-wave light providing relative values of Toxy. Phase-modulated or pulsed light can monitor both absorption and scattering providing more accurate signals. NIRS provides excellent time resolution (~ 10 Hz), and multiple source-detector pairs can be used to provide low-resolution imaging. NIRS has been applied to a wide range of populations. Continued development of NIRS devices in terms of lower cost, better detection of both absorption and scattering, and smaller size will lead to a promising future for NIRS studies.

ACS Style

Takafumi Hamaoka; Kevin K. McCully. Review of early development of near-infrared spectroscopy and recent advancement of studies on muscle oxygenation and oxidative metabolism. The Journal of Physiological Sciences 2019, 69, 799 -811.

AMA Style

Takafumi Hamaoka, Kevin K. McCully. Review of early development of near-infrared spectroscopy and recent advancement of studies on muscle oxygenation and oxidative metabolism. The Journal of Physiological Sciences. 2019; 69 (6):799-811.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Takafumi Hamaoka; Kevin K. McCully. 2019. "Review of early development of near-infrared spectroscopy and recent advancement of studies on muscle oxygenation and oxidative metabolism." The Journal of Physiological Sciences 69, no. 6: 799-811.

Journal article
Published: 14 June 2019 in Applied Sciences
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High whole-body and visceral adiposity are risk factors that can cause metabolic diseases. We hypothesized that the total hemoglobin concentration (total-Hb) in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SATab), an indicator of white adipose tissue (WAT) vascularity, correlates negatively with risk factors for developing metabolic diseases, such as whole-body and visceral adiposity. We tested the optical characteristics of abdominal tissue in 140 participants (45 men and 95 women) who were apparently healthy individuals with a median age of 39 years. They also had a median body fat percentage of 25.4%, a visceral fat area of 50.4 cm2, and a SATab thickness of 1.05 cm. These tests were conducted using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (NIRTRS) with a 2-cm optode separation. To distinguish the segments of SATab (SegSAT) and the mixture of muscle and SATab (SegSAT+Mus), the threshold was analyzed using the slopes of (total-Hb) against the thickness of SATab using the least-squares mean method. According to the results from the logistic regression analysis, the percentage of body fat and visceral fat area remained significant predictors of the (total-Hb) (p = 0.005 and p = 0.043, respectively) in the data for SegSAT (no influence from the SATab thickness). We conclude that simple, rapid, and noninvasive NIRTRS-determined (total-Hb) in WAT could be a useful parameter for evaluating risk factors for metabolic diseases.

ACS Style

Miyuki Kuroiwa; Sayuri Fuse; Shiho Amagasa; Ryotaro Kime; Tasuki Endo; Yuko Kurosawa; Takafumi Hamaoka. Relationship of Total Hemoglobin in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue with Whole-Body and Visceral Adiposity in Humans. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 2442 .

AMA Style

Miyuki Kuroiwa, Sayuri Fuse, Shiho Amagasa, Ryotaro Kime, Tasuki Endo, Yuko Kurosawa, Takafumi Hamaoka. Relationship of Total Hemoglobin in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue with Whole-Body and Visceral Adiposity in Humans. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (12):2442.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miyuki Kuroiwa; Sayuri Fuse; Shiho Amagasa; Ryotaro Kime; Tasuki Endo; Yuko Kurosawa; Takafumi Hamaoka. 2019. "Relationship of Total Hemoglobin in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue with Whole-Body and Visceral Adiposity in Humans." Applied Sciences 9, no. 12: 2442.

Comparative study
Published: 06 May 2019 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Brown adipose tissue (BAT) may potentially be used in strategies for preventing lifestyle-related diseases. We examine evidence that near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (NIRTRS) is capable of estimating human BAT density (BAT-d). The parameters examined in this study are total hemoglobin [total-Hb]sup, oxygenated Hb [oxy-Hb]sup, deoxygenated Hb [deoxy-Hb]sup, Hb O2 saturation (StO2sup), and the reduced scattering coefficient in the supraclavicular region (μs'sup), where BAT deposits can be located; corresponding parameters in the control deltoid region are obtained as controls. Among the NIRTRS parameters, [total-Hb]sup and [oxy-Hb]sup show region-specific increases in winter, compared to summer. Further, [total-Hb]sup and [oxy-Hb]sup are correlated with cold-induced thermogenesis in the supraclavicular region. We conclude that NIRTRS-determined [total-Hb]sup and [oxy-Hb]sup are useful parameters for evaluating BAT-d in a simple, rapid, non-invasive manner.

ACS Style

Shinsuke Nirengi; Sayuri Fuse; Shiho Amagasa; Toshiyuki Homma; Ryotaro Kime; Miyuki Kuroiwa; Tasuki Endo; Naoki Sakane; Mami Matsushita; Masayuki Saito; Yuko Kurosawa; Takafumi Hamaoka. Applicability of Supraclavicular Oxygenated and Total Hemoglobin Evaluated by Near-Infrared Time-Resolved Spectroscopy as Indicators of Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2019, 20, 2214 .

AMA Style

Shinsuke Nirengi, Sayuri Fuse, Shiho Amagasa, Toshiyuki Homma, Ryotaro Kime, Miyuki Kuroiwa, Tasuki Endo, Naoki Sakane, Mami Matsushita, Masayuki Saito, Yuko Kurosawa, Takafumi Hamaoka. Applicability of Supraclavicular Oxygenated and Total Hemoglobin Evaluated by Near-Infrared Time-Resolved Spectroscopy as Indicators of Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20 (9):2214.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shinsuke Nirengi; Sayuri Fuse; Shiho Amagasa; Toshiyuki Homma; Ryotaro Kime; Miyuki Kuroiwa; Tasuki Endo; Naoki Sakane; Mami Matsushita; Masayuki Saito; Yuko Kurosawa; Takafumi Hamaoka. 2019. "Applicability of Supraclavicular Oxygenated and Total Hemoglobin Evaluated by Near-Infrared Time-Resolved Spectroscopy as Indicators of Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 9: 2214.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2019 in Applied Sciences
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This study quantitatively analyzed the effects of 3 h of constant sitting on skeletal muscle oxygenation in the lower extremities, using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (NIRTRS). The effects of compression stockings were also evaluated. Eleven healthy men (age, 30.0 ± 6.7 years) maintained their knee joints at 90° flexion during 3 h of constant sitting and wore a compression stocking on either the right or left leg. The side the stocking was worn was chosen randomly. Subsequently, leg circumference and extracellular water were measured. After 3 h of sitting, both factors increased significantly in uncompressed limbs. Furthermore, intracellular water and muscle oxygenation had significantly decreased. In contrast, extracellular water had not increased in the limbs wearing compression stockings. Furthermore, the increased circumference of compressed limbs was significantly smaller than that of uncompressed limbs. Decreases in oxygenated hemoglobin and total hemoglobin were significantly smaller in compressed limbs than in uncompressed limbs (oxy-Hb; p = 0.021, total-Hb; p = 0.013). Three hours of sitting resulted in decreased intracellular water and increased extracellular water in the lower extremities, leading to reduced blood volume and oxygenation levels in skeletal muscle. Compression stockings successfully suppressed these negative effects.

ACS Style

Misato Kinoshita; Yuko Kurosawa; Sayuri Fuse; Riki Tanaka; Nobuko Tano; Ryota Kobayashi; Ryotaro Kime; Takafumi Hamaoka. Compression Stockings Suppressed Reduced Muscle Blood Volume and Oxygenation Levels Induced by Persistent Sitting. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 1800 .

AMA Style

Misato Kinoshita, Yuko Kurosawa, Sayuri Fuse, Riki Tanaka, Nobuko Tano, Ryota Kobayashi, Ryotaro Kime, Takafumi Hamaoka. Compression Stockings Suppressed Reduced Muscle Blood Volume and Oxygenation Levels Induced by Persistent Sitting. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (9):1800.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Misato Kinoshita; Yuko Kurosawa; Sayuri Fuse; Riki Tanaka; Nobuko Tano; Ryota Kobayashi; Ryotaro Kime; Takafumi Hamaoka. 2019. "Compression Stockings Suppressed Reduced Muscle Blood Volume and Oxygenation Levels Induced by Persistent Sitting." Applied Sciences 9, no. 9: 1800.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2018 in Physiology & Behavior
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Acute aerobic exercise improves inhibitory control (IC). This improvement is often associated with increases in perceived exertion during exercise. However, listening to music during aerobic exercise mitigates an exercise-induced increase in perceived exertion. Thus, it is hypothesized that such effects of music may interfere with exercise-induced improvements in IC. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of music on post-exercise IC improvements that were induced by moderate-intensity exercise. Fifteen healthy young men performed cycle ergometer exercise with music or non-music. The exercise was performed using a moderate-intensity of 60% of VO2 peak for 30 min. The music condition was performed while listening to self-selected music. The non-music condition involved no music. To evaluate IC, the Stroop task was administered before exercise, immediately after exercise, and during the 30-min post-exercise recovery period. The rate of perceived exertion immediately before moderate-intensity exercise completed was significantly lower in music condition than in non-music condition. The IC significantly improved immediately after exercise and during the post-exercise recovery period compared to before exercise in both music and non-music conditions. The post-exercise IC improvements did not significantly differ between the two conditions. These findings indicate that self-selected music-induced mitigation of the increase in perceived exertion during moderate-intensity exercise dose not interfere with exercise-induced improvements in IC. Therefore, we suggest that listening to music may be a beneficial strategy in mitigating the increase in perceived exertion during aerobic exercise without decreasing the positive effects on IC.

ACS Style

Daichi Tanaka; Hayato Tsukamoto; Tadashi Suga; Saki Takenaka; Takafumi Hamaoka; Takeshi Hashimoto; Tadao Isaka. Self-selected music-induced reduction of perceived exertion during moderate-intensity exercise does not interfere with post-exercise improvements in inhibitory control. Physiology & Behavior 2018, 194, 170 -176.

AMA Style

Daichi Tanaka, Hayato Tsukamoto, Tadashi Suga, Saki Takenaka, Takafumi Hamaoka, Takeshi Hashimoto, Tadao Isaka. Self-selected music-induced reduction of perceived exertion during moderate-intensity exercise does not interfere with post-exercise improvements in inhibitory control. Physiology & Behavior. 2018; 194 ():170-176.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daichi Tanaka; Hayato Tsukamoto; Tadashi Suga; Saki Takenaka; Takafumi Hamaoka; Takeshi Hashimoto; Tadao Isaka. 2018. "Self-selected music-induced reduction of perceived exertion during moderate-intensity exercise does not interfere with post-exercise improvements in inhibitory control." Physiology & Behavior 194, no. : 170-176.

Journal article
Published: 21 February 2018 in Journal of Physiological Anthropology
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Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is sympathetically activated and induces thermogenesis during cold exposure, thereby influencing energy expenditure and body fat levels. The very low frequency (VLF) components of pulse rate variability could be a form of thermogenic sympathetic nervous activity, but no clear relationship has yet been reported between VLF activity and BAT density. We therefore aimed to evaluate the association between them. We enrolled 20 adults in winter and 20 matched adults in summer. We assessed BAT densities based on total hemoglobin concentrations ([total-Hb]) measured with near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy. We calculated VLF activity from pulse rate variability measurements. BAT density ([total-Hb]; winter 70.5 ± 17.0 μM, summer 57.8 ± 18.3 μM) and VLF activity (winter 6.7 ± 0.8, summer 6.1 ± 0.9) were significantly higher in winter than in summer (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between VLF activity and BAT density in either season. Each parameter exhibited seasonal variation, but we failed to observe any significant correlations.

ACS Style

Shinsuke Nirengi; Naoki Sakane; Shiho Amagasa; Sawako Wakui; Toshiyuki Homma; Yuko Kurosawa; Takafumi Hamaoka. Seasonal differences in brown adipose tissue density and pulse rate variability in a thermoneutral environment. Journal of Physiological Anthropology 2018, 37, 1 -7.

AMA Style

Shinsuke Nirengi, Naoki Sakane, Shiho Amagasa, Sawako Wakui, Toshiyuki Homma, Yuko Kurosawa, Takafumi Hamaoka. Seasonal differences in brown adipose tissue density and pulse rate variability in a thermoneutral environment. Journal of Physiological Anthropology. 2018; 37 (1):1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shinsuke Nirengi; Naoki Sakane; Shiho Amagasa; Sawako Wakui; Toshiyuki Homma; Yuko Kurosawa; Takafumi Hamaoka. 2018. "Seasonal differences in brown adipose tissue density and pulse rate variability in a thermoneutral environment." Journal of Physiological Anthropology 37, no. 1: 1-7.

Randomized controlled trial
Published: 12 September 2017 in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
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When combined with exercise, dietary amino acid (AA) supplementation is an effective method for accelerating fat mobilization. However, the effects of single AAs combined with exercise on fat oxidation remains unclear. We hypothesized that consumption of a specific amino acid, L- phenylalanine, may result in the secretion of glucagon, and when combined with exercise may promote fat oxidation. Six healthy, active male volunteers were randomized in a crossover study to ingest either phenylalanine (3 g/dose) or placebo. Thirty minutes after ingestion each subject performed workload trials on a cycle ergometer for 1 h at 50% of maximal oxygen consumption. Oral intake of phenylalanine caused a significant increase in the concentrations of plasma glycerol and glucagon during exercise. The respiratory exchange ratio was also decreased significantly following ingestion of phenylalanine. These results suggested that pre-exercise supplementation of phenylalanine may stimulate whole body fat oxidation. No serious or study-related adverse events were observed. UMIN000027502 Registered 26 May 2017. Restrospectively registered.

ACS Style

Keisuke Ueda; Chiaki Sanbongi; Makoto Yamaguchi; Shuji Ikegami; Takafumi Hamaoka; Satoshi Fujita. The effects of phenylalanine on exercise-induced fat oxidation: a preliminary, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2017, 14, 34 .

AMA Style

Keisuke Ueda, Chiaki Sanbongi, Makoto Yamaguchi, Shuji Ikegami, Takafumi Hamaoka, Satoshi Fujita. The effects of phenylalanine on exercise-induced fat oxidation: a preliminary, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2017; 14 (1):34.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Keisuke Ueda; Chiaki Sanbongi; Makoto Yamaguchi; Shuji Ikegami; Takafumi Hamaoka; Satoshi Fujita. 2017. "The effects of phenylalanine on exercise-induced fat oxidation: a preliminary, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial." Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 14, no. 1: 34.

Journal article
Published: 02 May 2017 in BMC Geriatrics
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Age-related reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) is generally accelerated in women after menopause, and could be even more pronounced in individuals with sarcopenia. Light-load power training with a low number of repetitions would increase BMD, significantly reducing bone loss in individuals at risk of osteoporosis. This study investigated the effects of low-repetition, light-load power training on BMD in Japanese postmenopausal women with sarcopenia. The training group (n = 7) followed a progressive power training protocol that increased the load with a weighted vest, for two sessions per week, over the course of 6 weeks. The training exercise comprised five kinds of exercises (squats, front lunges, side lunges, calf raises, and toe raises), and each exercise contained eight sets of three repetitions with a 15-s rest between each set. The control group (n = 8) did not undergo any training intervention. We measured BMD, muscle strength, and anthropometric data. Within-group changes in pelvis BMD and knee extensor strength were significantly greater in the training group than the control group (p = 0.029 and 0.030 for pelvis BMD and knee extensor strength, respectively). After low-repetition, light-load power training, we noted improvements in pelvis BMD (1.6%) and knee extensor strength (15.5%). No significant within- or between-group differences were observed for anthropometric data or forearm BMD. Six weeks of low-repetition, light-load power training improved pelvis BMD and knee extensor strength in postmenopausal women with sarcopenia. Since this training program does not require high-load exercise and is therefore easily implementable as daily exercise, it could be an effective form of exercise for sedentary adults at risk for osteoporosis who are fearful of heavy loads and/or training that could cause fatigue. This trial was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network on 31 October 2016 ( UMIN000024651 ).

ACS Style

Kanako Hamaguchi; Toshiyuki Kurihara; Masahiro Fujimoto; Motoyuki Iemitsu; Koji Sato; Takafumi Hamaoka; Kiyoshi Sanada. The effects of low-repetition and light-load power training on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with sarcopenia: a pilot study. BMC Geriatrics 2017, 17, 102 .

AMA Style

Kanako Hamaguchi, Toshiyuki Kurihara, Masahiro Fujimoto, Motoyuki Iemitsu, Koji Sato, Takafumi Hamaoka, Kiyoshi Sanada. The effects of low-repetition and light-load power training on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with sarcopenia: a pilot study. BMC Geriatrics. 2017; 17 (1):102.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kanako Hamaguchi; Toshiyuki Kurihara; Masahiro Fujimoto; Motoyuki Iemitsu; Koji Sato; Takafumi Hamaoka; Kiyoshi Sanada. 2017. "The effects of low-repetition and light-load power training on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with sarcopenia: a pilot study." BMC Geriatrics 17, no. 1: 102.

Journal article
Published: 18 August 2016 in SpringerPlus
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Brown adipose tissue (BAT) contributes to the regulation of non-shivering thermogenesis and adiposity. Increasing BAT has recently attracted much attention as a countermeasure to obesity. Animal studies have shown that prolonged catechin treatment increases uncoupling protein 1, a thermogenic protein in BAT. On the other hand, supportable evidence in human is lacking. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine whether BAT increases after catechin ingestion in humans. Twenty-two healthy young women were given either a catechin-rich (540 mg/day; catechin) or placebo beverage every day for 12 weeks in a double-blind design. BAT density was measured using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (NIRTRS), visceral fat area were measured using magnetic resonance imaging, extramyocellular lipids (EMCL) using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and body fat mass using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans. BAT density was significantly increased (18.8 %), and EMCL was decreased (17.4 %) after the 12-week ingestion. There was a significant negative correlation between the changes in BAT density and those in EMCL (r = −0.66, P < 0.05). There were no notable changes in other parameters. In conclusion, prolonged ingestion of a catechin-rich beverage increases the BAT density in parallel with a decrease in EMCL.

ACS Style

Shinsuke Nirengi; Shiho Amagasa; Toshiyuki Homma; Takeshi Yoneshiro; Saori Matsumiya; Yuko Kurosawa; Naoki Sakane; Kumiko Ebi; Masayuki Saito; Takafumi Hamaoka. Daily ingestion of catechin-rich beverage increases brown adipose tissue density and decreases extramyocellular lipids in healthy young women. SpringerPlus 2016, 5, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Shinsuke Nirengi, Shiho Amagasa, Toshiyuki Homma, Takeshi Yoneshiro, Saori Matsumiya, Yuko Kurosawa, Naoki Sakane, Kumiko Ebi, Masayuki Saito, Takafumi Hamaoka. Daily ingestion of catechin-rich beverage increases brown adipose tissue density and decreases extramyocellular lipids in healthy young women. SpringerPlus. 2016; 5 (1):1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shinsuke Nirengi; Shiho Amagasa; Toshiyuki Homma; Takeshi Yoneshiro; Saori Matsumiya; Yuko Kurosawa; Naoki Sakane; Kumiko Ebi; Masayuki Saito; Takafumi Hamaoka. 2016. "Daily ingestion of catechin-rich beverage increases brown adipose tissue density and decreases extramyocellular lipids in healthy young women." SpringerPlus 5, no. 1: 1-9.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2016 in Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
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Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity (SUVmax) has been typically evaluated by 18F-fluorodeoxy glucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computed tomography (CT). In this study, the objective was to detect human BAT by near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (NIRTRS), a noninvasive and simple method for measuring total hemoglobin concentration [total-Hb] and reduced scattering coefficient (μs') in the tissue. The [total-Hb] in the supraclavicular region of the BAT (+) (SUVmax≥2.0) group was 95.0±28.2 μM (mean+/-SD), which was significantly higher than that of the BAT (-) (SUVmax<2.0) group (52.0±14.8 μM), but not in other regions apart from the BAT deposits. The μs' in the supraclavicular region of the BAT (+) group was 8.4±1.7 cm(-1), which was significantly higher than that of BAT (-) group (4.3±1.0 cm(-1)), but not in other regions. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve closest to (0, 1) for [total-Hb] and μs' to discriminate BAT (+) from BAT (-) was 72.5 μM and 6.3 cm(-1), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for both parameters were 87.5, 100, and 93.3%, respectively. Our novel NIRTRS method is noninvasive, simple, and inexpensive compared with FDG-PET/CT, and is reliable for detecting human BAT.

ACS Style

Shinsuke Nirengi; Takeshi Yoneshiro; Takeshi Saiki; Sayuri Aita; Mami Matsushita; Hiroki Sugie; Masayuki Saito; Takafumi Hamaoka. Evaluation of Brown Adipose Tissue Using Near-Infrared Time-Resolved Spectroscopy. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2016, 876, 371 -376.

AMA Style

Shinsuke Nirengi, Takeshi Yoneshiro, Takeshi Saiki, Sayuri Aita, Mami Matsushita, Hiroki Sugie, Masayuki Saito, Takafumi Hamaoka. Evaluation of Brown Adipose Tissue Using Near-Infrared Time-Resolved Spectroscopy. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 2016; 876 ():371-376.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shinsuke Nirengi; Takeshi Yoneshiro; Takeshi Saiki; Sayuri Aita; Mami Matsushita; Hiroki Sugie; Masayuki Saito; Takafumi Hamaoka. 2016. "Evaluation of Brown Adipose Tissue Using Near-Infrared Time-Resolved Spectroscopy." Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 876, no. : 371-376.

Book chapter
Published: 18 February 2013 in Application of Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Biomedicine
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Muscle oxidative metabolism has often been examined by traditional analytical biochemistry based on obtaining biopsy samples and invasive intravascular catheterization on muscle at rest and during exercise. Myoglobin O2 saturation and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) redox state also can be detected using freeze-clamped tissue. NIRS has been utilized as a noninvasive approach to evaluate skeletal muscle O2 dynamics and energetics during exercise. Applying the NIRS technology requires attention to the validity and calibration of the measurements as well as to the underlying basis for biochemical, physiological, pathophysiological interpretation.

ACS Style

Takafumi Hamaoka. In-Vivo NIRS and Muscle Oxidative Metabolism. Application of Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Biomedicine 2013, 75 -91.

AMA Style

Takafumi Hamaoka. In-Vivo NIRS and Muscle Oxidative Metabolism. Application of Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Biomedicine. 2013; ():75-91.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Takafumi Hamaoka. 2013. "In-Vivo NIRS and Muscle Oxidative Metabolism." Application of Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Biomedicine , no. : 75-91.

Review
Published: 28 November 2011 in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
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Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been shown to be one of the tools that can measure oxygenation in muscle and other tissues in vivo . This review paper highlights the progress, specifically in this decade, that has been made for evaluating skeletal muscle oxygenation and oxidative energy metabolism in sport, health and clinical sciences. Development of NIRS technologies has focused on improving quantification of the signal using multiple wavelengths to solve for absorption and scattering coefficients, multiple pathlengths to correct for the influence of superficial skin and fat, and time-resolved and phase-modulated light sources to determine optical pathlengths. In addition, advances in optical imaging with multiple source and detector pairs as well as portability using small wireless detectors have expanded the usefulness of the devices. NIRS measurements have provided information on oxidative metabolism in various athletes during localized exercise and whole-body exercise, as well as training-induced adaptations. Furthermore, NIRS technology has been used in the study of a number of chronic health conditions. Future developments of NIRS technology will include enhancing signal quantification. In addition, advances in NIRS imaging and portability promise to transform how measurements of oxygen utilization are obtained in the future.

ACS Style

Takafumi Hamaoka; Kevin K. McCully; Masatsugu Niwayama; Britton Chance. The use of muscle near-infrared spectroscopy in sport, health and medical sciences: recent developments. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 2011, 369, 4591 -4604.

AMA Style

Takafumi Hamaoka, Kevin K. McCully, Masatsugu Niwayama, Britton Chance. The use of muscle near-infrared spectroscopy in sport, health and medical sciences: recent developments. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 2011; 369 (1955):4591-4604.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Takafumi Hamaoka; Kevin K. McCully; Masatsugu Niwayama; Britton Chance. 2011. "The use of muscle near-infrared spectroscopy in sport, health and medical sciences: recent developments." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 369, no. 1955: 4591-4604.

Journal article
Published: 09 July 2010 in Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
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We examined the effect of 3-week upper limb immobilization on conduit artery cross-sectional area and peak hyperemia (BF(peak)) after exhaustive dynamic handgrip exercise (Ex(dyn)), and that of low-volume strength and endurance training during immobilization. Healthy volunteers (n = 21; mean age, 22 years) were divided into 3 groups: immobilization only (IMM; n = 7), immobilization with training (STR + END; n = 7), and control (no immobilization or training, CNT; n = 7). Endurance training comprised Ex(dyn) at 30% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) (duration of each session, ~60 s; twice weekly). Strength training involved intermittent isometric handgrip exercise at 70% MVC (duration of each session, 40 s; twice weekly), repeated 10 times. We used ultrasound methods to measure the brachial artery cross-sectional area and the BF(peak) after Ex(dyn) for 5 min pre- and post-immobilization. We found a significant group by time interaction in BF(peak) (p < 0.05). A significant decrease was found in BF(peak) in the IMM (p < 0.05) between pre- and post-immobilization and a protective effect in the STR + END. The 3-week upper limb immobilization did not influence the baseline artery cross-sectional area. In conclusion, BF(peak) decreased after 3-week upper limb immobilization and a combination of strength training and endurance training preserved the blunted BF(peak).

ACS Style

Fumiko Ohmori; Takafumi Hamaoka; Kiyoshi Shiroishi; Takuya Osada; Norio Murase; Yuko Kurosawa; Shiro Ichimura; Toshiyuki Homma; Kazuki Esaki; Ryotaro Kime; Toshihito Katsumura. Low-volume strength and endurance training prevent the decrease in exercise hyperemia induced by non-dominant forearm immobilization. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 2010, 110, 845 -851.

AMA Style

Fumiko Ohmori, Takafumi Hamaoka, Kiyoshi Shiroishi, Takuya Osada, Norio Murase, Yuko Kurosawa, Shiro Ichimura, Toshiyuki Homma, Kazuki Esaki, Ryotaro Kime, Toshihito Katsumura. Low-volume strength and endurance training prevent the decrease in exercise hyperemia induced by non-dominant forearm immobilization. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 2010; 110 (4):845-851.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fumiko Ohmori; Takafumi Hamaoka; Kiyoshi Shiroishi; Takuya Osada; Norio Murase; Yuko Kurosawa; Shiro Ichimura; Toshiyuki Homma; Kazuki Esaki; Ryotaro Kime; Toshihito Katsumura. 2010. "Low-volume strength and endurance training prevent the decrease in exercise hyperemia induced by non-dominant forearm immobilization." Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 110, no. 4: 845-851.

Journal article
Published: 10 November 2009 in Dynamic Medicine
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We have developed an exercise machine prototype for increasing exercise intensity by means of passively exercising lower limb muscles. The purpose of the present study was to compare the passive exercise intensity of our newly-developed machine with the intensities of different types of exercises. We also attempted to measure muscle activity to study how these forms of exercise affected individual parts of the body.

ACS Style

Kohsuke Shimomura; Norio Murase; Takuya Osada; Ryotaro Kime; Mikiko Anjo; Kazuki Esaki; Kiyoshi Shiroishi; Takafumi Hamaoka; Toshihito Katsumura. A study of passive weight-bearing lower limb exercise effects on local muscles and whole body oxidative metabolism: a comparison with simulated horse riding, bicycle, and walking exercise. Dynamic Medicine 2009, 8, 4 -4.

AMA Style

Kohsuke Shimomura, Norio Murase, Takuya Osada, Ryotaro Kime, Mikiko Anjo, Kazuki Esaki, Kiyoshi Shiroishi, Takafumi Hamaoka, Toshihito Katsumura. A study of passive weight-bearing lower limb exercise effects on local muscles and whole body oxidative metabolism: a comparison with simulated horse riding, bicycle, and walking exercise. Dynamic Medicine. 2009; 8 (1):4-4.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kohsuke Shimomura; Norio Murase; Takuya Osada; Ryotaro Kime; Mikiko Anjo; Kazuki Esaki; Kiyoshi Shiroishi; Takafumi Hamaoka; Toshihito Katsumura. 2009. "A study of passive weight-bearing lower limb exercise effects on local muscles and whole body oxidative metabolism: a comparison with simulated horse riding, bicycle, and walking exercise." Dynamic Medicine 8, no. 1: 4-4.