This study investigated the properties of films or bioplastics fabricated using a wet processing method from yellow pea protein isolate (YPI) and protein concentrate (YPC) for potential application in food packaging. The wet processing method included mixing the protein with water and glycerol followed by casting and drying the films in a humidity- and temperature-controlled chamber. Whey protein isolate (WPI) and a film from a blend of equal amounts of YPI and WPI, labelled as YPI + WPI, were also studied. Fourier transform-infra red analysis revealed that films from YPI, YPC, WPI and YPI + WPI were formed by protein polymerisation with the plasticiser, glycerol, via hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions. The protein films had contact angles of YPC > YPI + WPI > YPI, whereas the mechanical and thermal resilience of films formulated from YPI, YPC and the protein blend were comparable to the properties of WPI-based films. The findings demonstrate that yellow pea proteins can be used as biomaterials to develop protein and protein-blend films or bioplastics for food packaging and edible applications.
The substitution of petroleum-based synthetic polymers in latex formulations with sustainable and/or bio-based sources has increasingly been a focus of both academic and industrial research. Emulsion polymerization already provides a more sustainable way to produce polymers for coatings and adhesives, because it is a water-based process. It can be made even more attractive as a green alternative with the addition of starch, a renewable material that has proven to be extremely useful as a filler, stabilizer, property modifier and macromer. This work provides a critical review of attempts to modify and incorporate various types of starch in emulsion polymerizations. This review focusses on the method of initiation, grafting mechanisms, starch feeding strategies and the characterization methods. It provides a needed guide for those looking to modify starch in an emulsion polymerization to achieve a target grafting performance or to incorporate starch in latex formulations for the replacement of synthetic polymers.
Tomographic volumetric additive manufacturing (TVAM) is an emerging 3D printing technology capable of producing complex structures in seconds. However, achieving reliable prints using TVAM requires sufficient light penetration throughout the print volume, which often limits the photoinitiator (PI) concentration that can be used. In (meth)acrylate‐based photoresins, this constraint severely restricts achievable print size and quality due to oxygen inhibition. To address this challenge, a chemical strategy is demonstrated to control the oxygen inhibition period without compromising light penetration, using an amine, a thiol, and a phosphine additive as representative examples. Among these, N‐methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) emerged as the most promising candidate, effectively reacting with non‐reactive peroxy radicals to regenerate propagating radicals and sustain polymerization. Incorporating MDEA into a low‐PI photoresin enabled high‐resolution and large‐volume printing in a custom‐built TVAM system, achieving a root‐mean‐square surface deviation of 0.175 mm (≈2 pixels) and printable structure sizes up to 60 mm. These advances represent a 16‐fold increase in print volume relative to the previous TVAM demonstrations and enable high‐throughput fabrication of multiple complex parts without sacrificing print quality. This work establishes a scalable approach to overcoming oxygen inhibition in (meth)acrylate TVAM systems, unlocking new possibilities for large‐volume, high‐resolution additive manufacturing.