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Qi Chen
Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China

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Original article
Published: 02 November 2019 in MicrobiologyOpen
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To assess biofilm formation ability and identify differences in the prevalence of genes involved in biofilm formation among Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from different food samples, the ability of biofilm formation among 97 S. aureus strains was evaluated using a colorimetric microtiter plate assay. Thirteen genes encoding microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules, and the intracellular adhesion genes were detected by PCR using specific primers. Approximately 72% of the isolates produced biofilms. Among these isolates, 54.64% were weak biofilm producers, while 14.43% and 3.09% produced moderate and strong biofilms, respectively. The icaADBC, clfA/B, cidA, and fib genes were detected in all the S. aureus strains, whereas the bap gene was not present in any of the strains. The occurrence of other adhesin genes varied greatly between biofilm‐producing and nonbiofilm‐producing strains. However, a significant difference was observed between these two groups with respect to the fnbpB, cna, ebps, and sdrC genes. No obvious evidence was found to support the link between PFGE strain typing and the capacity for biofilm formation. Considerable variation in biofilm formation ability was observed among S. aureus strains isolated from food samples. The prevalence of adhesin‐encoding genes also varied greatly within strains. This study highlights the importance of biofilm formation and the adhesins of S. aureus strains in food samples.

ACS Style

Qi Chen; Sangma Xie; Xiuqin Lou; Shi Cheng; Xiaodong Liu; Wei Zheng; Zhibei Zheng; Haoqiu Wang. Biofilm formation and prevalence of adhesion genes among Staphylococcus aureus isolates from different food sources. MicrobiologyOpen 2019, 9, e00946 .

AMA Style

Qi Chen, Sangma Xie, Xiuqin Lou, Shi Cheng, Xiaodong Liu, Wei Zheng, Zhibei Zheng, Haoqiu Wang. Biofilm formation and prevalence of adhesion genes among Staphylococcus aureus isolates from different food sources. MicrobiologyOpen. 2019; 9 (1):e00946.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qi Chen; Sangma Xie; Xiuqin Lou; Shi Cheng; Xiaodong Liu; Wei Zheng; Zhibei Zheng; Haoqiu Wang. 2019. "Biofilm formation and prevalence of adhesion genes among Staphylococcus aureus isolates from different food sources." MicrobiologyOpen 9, no. 1: e00946.

Journal article
Published: 29 May 2019 in Toxins
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Staphylococcal food poisoning is an illness caused by the consumption of food that contains sufficient amounts of one or more enterotoxins. In the present study, a total of 37 S. aureus isolates were recovered from leftover food, swabs from a kitchen environment, and patient feces associated with four foodborne outbreaks that occurred in Hangzhou, southeast China, and were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), spa typing, pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and antimicrobial susceptibility. Classical enterotoxin and enterotoxin-like genes were profiled by PCR analysis. ST6-t304 was the most common clone (40.54%), followed by ST2315-t11687 (32.43%). Six clusters (A to F) were divided based on PFGE patterns, and Clusters A and C were the most common types, constituting 86.49% of all isolates. Moreover, sea was the most frequently identified enterotoxin gene (81.08%), followed by the combination of seg–sei–selm–seln–sleo–selu and sec–sell (each 48.65%). Five isolates also harbored the exotoxin cluster sed–selj–ser. In addition, resistance to penicillin (97.30%), erythromycin (37.85), tetracycline (32.43%), clindamycin, gentamicin, and sulfamethoxazole (each 10.81%) was observed. Our research demonstrated the link between leftover foods and patients by molecular typing and detecting the profiles of enterotoxin or enterotoxin-like genes in human and food isolates. S. aureus maintains an extensive repertoire of enterotoxins and drug resistance genes that could cause potential health threats to consumers.

ACS Style

Qi Chen; Sangma Xie. Genotypes, Enterotoxin Gene Profiles, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Associated with Foodborne Outbreaks in Hangzhou, China. Toxins 2019, 11, 307 .

AMA Style

Qi Chen, Sangma Xie. Genotypes, Enterotoxin Gene Profiles, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Associated with Foodborne Outbreaks in Hangzhou, China. Toxins. 2019; 11 (6):307.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qi Chen; Sangma Xie. 2019. "Genotypes, Enterotoxin Gene Profiles, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Associated with Foodborne Outbreaks in Hangzhou, China." Toxins 11, no. 6: 307.