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Julio Hernández-Blanco
Department of Graphical Expression, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain

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Journal article
Published: 08 May 2020 in Sustainability
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In recent decades, rural buildings have proliferated in the rural environment, in many cases clashing with the surroundings. One of the main objectives in rural areas must be to maintain a balance between economic and sustainable development. In the exterior design of buildings, it is necessary to follow technical and scientific criteria that respect the natural environment, and one of the most important parameters in this scenario is façade color. This article analyzes the costs of using different colors on façades and how color variations affect the integration of buildings in the rural landscape. It addresses the context of rural buildings in the Extremadura region of Spain, where large areas of undeveloped land are available to drive economic development. Ten technical projects and photos of buildings were used for the study. A palette of suitable colors developed and proposed in previous studies was used to improve the external finishes of the façades. The variation in cost was calculated between the current designs and improved alternatives simulated using infographs, and a survey was conducted to determine how the rating of the landscape integration changed. The analysis shows that a building façade in a suitable color is always a significantly better rated solution than a finish in white (by 9%–14%). The results obtained are important because they show that a small variation in the cost of a building can significantly increase the rating of its integration and, therefore, give value added to the intervention because it respects the natural environment.

ACS Style

María Jesús Montero-Parejo; Lorenzo García Moruno; Antonio Manuel Reyes Rodríguez; Julio Hernández Blanco; Jacinto Garrido Velarde. Analysis of Façade Color and Cost to Improve Visual Integration of Buildings in the Rural Environment. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3840 .

AMA Style

María Jesús Montero-Parejo, Lorenzo García Moruno, Antonio Manuel Reyes Rodríguez, Julio Hernández Blanco, Jacinto Garrido Velarde. Analysis of Façade Color and Cost to Improve Visual Integration of Buildings in the Rural Environment. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (9):3840.

Chicago/Turabian Style

María Jesús Montero-Parejo; Lorenzo García Moruno; Antonio Manuel Reyes Rodríguez; Julio Hernández Blanco; Jacinto Garrido Velarde. 2020. "Analysis of Façade Color and Cost to Improve Visual Integration of Buildings in the Rural Environment." Sustainability 12, no. 9: 3840.

Journal article
Published: 06 May 2019 in Sustainability
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Tree screens have a demonstrated role in lessening the visual impact of buildings nonintegrated aesthetically by means of filtering façades. This is particularly useful on village fringes and in areas bordering urban green spaces. However, the role of other vegetal structure such as climber species, and their optimal percentage for façade filtering, have not been measured yet. The main objectives of present study were: (1) To guess if climber species have a similar positive role to lessen the visual impact of a façade than tree species, and (2) to compare optimal percentage of coverage for both vegetal structures. To explore them, we designed three percentages of partial-concealment vegetation screens (0% none, 40–50% medium, 70–80% high), comprising tree or climber native species from a study area, in eight buildings from the same region. As a result, 24 final infographics were evaluated by two groups of interviewees: 27 local people and 39 non-local university students. Respondents had to assess the integration of the building in terms of visual preference using an ascending scale with 5 options from “Very poor” = 1 to “Very good” = 5. The results show a clear linear positive response of participants when increasing the percentage of coverage by both types of vegetal screens. However, positive significant valuation over 3 points on average was reached before in tree species screens (3.06, in 40–50% of façade coverage) than in climbing species screens (3.02 in 70–80% of façade coverage). Finally, there was a high consensus in responses when both groups polled were compared.

ACS Style

Jacinto Garrido Velarde; María Jesús Montero Parejo; Julio Hernández Blanco; Lorenzo García-Moruno. Using Native Vegetation Screens to Lessen the Visual Impact of Rural Buildings in the Sierras de Béjar and Francia Biosphere Reserve: Case Studies and Public Survey. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2595 .

AMA Style

Jacinto Garrido Velarde, María Jesús Montero Parejo, Julio Hernández Blanco, Lorenzo García-Moruno. Using Native Vegetation Screens to Lessen the Visual Impact of Rural Buildings in the Sierras de Béjar and Francia Biosphere Reserve: Case Studies and Public Survey. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (9):2595.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacinto Garrido Velarde; María Jesús Montero Parejo; Julio Hernández Blanco; Lorenzo García-Moruno. 2019. "Using Native Vegetation Screens to Lessen the Visual Impact of Rural Buildings in the Sierras de Béjar and Francia Biosphere Reserve: Case Studies and Public Survey." Sustainability 11, no. 9: 2595.

Book chapter
Published: 19 September 2018 in Landscape Architecture - The Sense of Places, Models and Applications
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ACS Style

María Jesús Montero-Parejo; Jin Su Jeong; Julio Hernández-Blanco; Lorenzo García-Moruno. Rural Landscape Architecture: Traditional versus Modern Façade Designs in Western Spain. Landscape Architecture - The Sense of Places, Models and Applications 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

María Jesús Montero-Parejo, Jin Su Jeong, Julio Hernández-Blanco, Lorenzo García-Moruno. Rural Landscape Architecture: Traditional versus Modern Façade Designs in Western Spain. Landscape Architecture - The Sense of Places, Models and Applications. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

María Jesús Montero-Parejo; Jin Su Jeong; Julio Hernández-Blanco; Lorenzo García-Moruno. 2018. "Rural Landscape Architecture: Traditional versus Modern Façade Designs in Western Spain." Landscape Architecture - The Sense of Places, Models and Applications , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 24 July 2018 in Sustainability
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The perception of apparent sizes of buildings in a rural environment depends on the height ratio between the building and its surrounding vegetation, and it is this parameter which is currently used to assess the built landscapes. The impact of a contrasting height is less strong if the building does not exceed the horizon line. For buildings overshooting the skyline, the building’s level of sharpness and number of lines in contrast to the sky determines the impact of the scales, and vegetation in the background helps to reduce impact. The specific objectives of the present study were: (1) finding height–ratio thresholds between building and background vegetation, which may improve the integration of rural buildings in sky-sensitive locations, and; (2) comparing the results in two rural contexts with very different climatic conditions: Spain and Sweden. A survey of eighteen scenarios (nine Spanish and nine Swedish), all digitally modified with different relative height ratios between vegetation and buildings, was performed. The survey was evaluated by the public from both countries. Regardless of the country of origin, integration of the building was good or very good when the vegetation in background did not exceed one half of the height of the construction. These results may be translated to technical criteria for planning assessment.

ACS Style

Jacinto Garrido-Velarde; María Jesús Montero-Parejo; Julio Hernández-Blanco; Lorenzo García-Moruno. Visual Analysis of the Height Ratio between Building and Background Vegetation. Two Rural Cases of Study: Spain and Sweden. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2593 .

AMA Style

Jacinto Garrido-Velarde, María Jesús Montero-Parejo, Julio Hernández-Blanco, Lorenzo García-Moruno. Visual Analysis of the Height Ratio between Building and Background Vegetation. Two Rural Cases of Study: Spain and Sweden. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (8):2593.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacinto Garrido-Velarde; María Jesús Montero-Parejo; Julio Hernández-Blanco; Lorenzo García-Moruno. 2018. "Visual Analysis of the Height Ratio between Building and Background Vegetation. Two Rural Cases of Study: Spain and Sweden." Sustainability 10, no. 8: 2593.

Journal article
Published: 23 June 2017 in Sustainability
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Human actions in the natural environment create a visual impact. The main objective of this study was to examine the acceptance of vegetation screens for integrating buildings into the landscape using new techniques of visualization in three dimensions (3D), videos and public participation. The status quo of two study areas representative of the Mediterranean climate in Spain (one inland and one coastal) was modelled, placing vegetation screens around a building typical of the area and varying the density, species, and layout of plants. After establishing a series of scenarios, videos showing a simulation of outdoor tourism activities performed at varying speeds were created to analyse how movement affects the perception of the combination of a building and vegetation screen in the versions created. The 3D models generated were subjected to a survey for public participation and to allow respondents to rate their preferences of the videos created. The results show that adding vegetation always improves the integration of buildings into the landscape. The most highly rated vegetation screen placed around the buildings in the two scenarios was high density vegetation, irrespective of the layout or species.

ACS Style

Jacinto Garrido Velarde; María Jesús Montero Parejo; Julio Hernández Blanco; Lorenzo García-Moruno. Use of Video and 3D Scenario Visualisation to Rate Vegetation Screens for Integrating Buildings into the Landscape. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1102 .

AMA Style

Jacinto Garrido Velarde, María Jesús Montero Parejo, Julio Hernández Blanco, Lorenzo García-Moruno. Use of Video and 3D Scenario Visualisation to Rate Vegetation Screens for Integrating Buildings into the Landscape. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (7):1102.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacinto Garrido Velarde; María Jesús Montero Parejo; Julio Hernández Blanco; Lorenzo García-Moruno. 2017. "Use of Video and 3D Scenario Visualisation to Rate Vegetation Screens for Integrating Buildings into the Landscape." Sustainability 9, no. 7: 1102.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2017 in Journal of Rural Studies
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ACS Style

Jin Su Jeong; Lorenzo García-Moruno; Julio Hernández-Blanco; Alonso Sánchez-Ríos; Álvaro Ramírez-Gómez. Identifying priority areas for rural housing development using the participatory multi-criteria and contingent valuation methods in Alange reservoir area, Central Extremadura (Spain). Journal of Rural Studies 2017, 50, 117 -128.

AMA Style

Jin Su Jeong, Lorenzo García-Moruno, Julio Hernández-Blanco, Alonso Sánchez-Ríos, Álvaro Ramírez-Gómez. Identifying priority areas for rural housing development using the participatory multi-criteria and contingent valuation methods in Alange reservoir area, Central Extremadura (Spain). Journal of Rural Studies. 2017; 50 ():117-128.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jin Su Jeong; Lorenzo García-Moruno; Julio Hernández-Blanco; Alonso Sánchez-Ríos; Álvaro Ramírez-Gómez. 2017. "Identifying priority areas for rural housing development using the participatory multi-criteria and contingent valuation methods in Alange reservoir area, Central Extremadura (Spain)." Journal of Rural Studies 50, no. : 117-128.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2016 in Habitat International
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Rural housings' development in reservoir areas of (mass) tourism is a complex process since the areas are under increasing construction sprawls with ecological consequences. This paper presents a new planning approach to develop a reliable model identifying suitable to unsuitable sites for rural housing planning in Alange reservoir areas, Badajoz, Spain. The hybrid model presented herein is the combined application of the geographic information systems (GIS) and the multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) with the fuzzy DEMATEL method in order to make rural housings' suitability map. The sixteen criteria were clustered into four groups, namely physical, natural, environmental and socio-economic group. The FDEMATEL participatory method was applied for groups/criteria weight coefficients calculation regarding with their influence and sensitivity on rural housings' development in reservoir areas under (mass) tourism. Total 146 respondents participated in the weighting process. With the aid of the weighted linear combination (WLC), the final rural housings' suitability map is evaluated for the study area reported on grading scale of 0–1, from least suitable areas to most suitable area. Here, it shows that 17.30% of Alange municipality has a most suitable area for rural housings' development after considering groups with stable sensitive analysis. The proposed methodology and the results, therefore, can be used for sustainable and resilient planning policy at all government levels in the decision-making process due to its flexible character. Thus, this approach could support to verify suitable housings’ sites in areas with similar geographical situations and conditions.

ACS Style

Jin Su Jeong; Lorenzo García-Moruno; Julio Hernández-Blanco; Alonso Sánchez-Ríos. Planning of rural housings in reservoir areas under (mass) tourism based on a fuzzy DEMATEL-GIS/MCDA hybrid and participatory method for Alange, Spain. Habitat International 2016, 57, 143 -153.

AMA Style

Jin Su Jeong, Lorenzo García-Moruno, Julio Hernández-Blanco, Alonso Sánchez-Ríos. Planning of rural housings in reservoir areas under (mass) tourism based on a fuzzy DEMATEL-GIS/MCDA hybrid and participatory method for Alange, Spain. Habitat International. 2016; 57 ():143-153.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jin Su Jeong; Lorenzo García-Moruno; Julio Hernández-Blanco; Alonso Sánchez-Ríos. 2016. "Planning of rural housings in reservoir areas under (mass) tourism based on a fuzzy DEMATEL-GIS/MCDA hybrid and participatory method for Alange, Spain." Habitat International 57, no. : 143-153.

Journal article
Published: 20 September 2016 in Modern Environmental Science and Engineering
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ACS Style

Antonio M. Reyes-Rodríguez; Justo García Sanz-Calcedo; Lorenzo García-Moruno; Julio Hernández-Blanco. Analysis of Roofing Materials for Rural Buildings Projects: Costs and Visual Integration. Modern Environmental Science and Engineering 2016, 2, 587 -592.

AMA Style

Antonio M. Reyes-Rodríguez, Justo García Sanz-Calcedo, Lorenzo García-Moruno, Julio Hernández-Blanco. Analysis of Roofing Materials for Rural Buildings Projects: Costs and Visual Integration. Modern Environmental Science and Engineering. 2016; 2 (9):587-592.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio M. Reyes-Rodríguez; Justo García Sanz-Calcedo; Lorenzo García-Moruno; Julio Hernández-Blanco. 2016. "Analysis of Roofing Materials for Rural Buildings Projects: Costs and Visual Integration." Modern Environmental Science and Engineering 2, no. 9: 587-592.

Journal article
Published: 30 June 2016 in Estudios Geográficos
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ACS Style

Jin Su Jeong; Lorenzo García Moruno; Julio Hernández Blanco; Francisco Javier Jaraíz Cabanillas. Modelización sostenible del emplazamiento de nuevas segundas residencias en el medio rural. El caso de La Vera (Extremadura). Estudios Geográficos 2016, 77, 191 -216.

AMA Style

Jin Su Jeong, Lorenzo García Moruno, Julio Hernández Blanco, Francisco Javier Jaraíz Cabanillas. Modelización sostenible del emplazamiento de nuevas segundas residencias en el medio rural. El caso de La Vera (Extremadura). Estudios Geográficos. 2016; 77 (280):191-216.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jin Su Jeong; Lorenzo García Moruno; Julio Hernández Blanco; Francisco Javier Jaraíz Cabanillas. 2016. "Modelización sostenible del emplazamiento de nuevas segundas residencias en el medio rural. El caso de La Vera (Extremadura)." Estudios Geográficos 77, no. 280: 191-216.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Environmental Engineering and Management Journal
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ACS Style

Maria Jesus Montero-Parejo; Lorenzo Garcia-Moruno; Sergio Lopez-Casares; Julio Hernandez-Blanco. VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF COLOUR AND SCALE OF BUILDINGS ON THE RURAL LANDSCAPE. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 2016, 15, 1537 -1550.

AMA Style

Maria Jesus Montero-Parejo, Lorenzo Garcia-Moruno, Sergio Lopez-Casares, Julio Hernandez-Blanco. VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF COLOUR AND SCALE OF BUILDINGS ON THE RURAL LANDSCAPE. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal. 2016; 15 (7):1537-1550.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Jesus Montero-Parejo; Lorenzo Garcia-Moruno; Sergio Lopez-Casares; Julio Hernandez-Blanco. 2016. "VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF COLOUR AND SCALE OF BUILDINGS ON THE RURAL LANDSCAPE." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 15, no. 7: 1537-1550.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2014 in Land Use Policy
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ACS Style

Jin Su Jeong; Julio Hernández-Blanco; Lorenzo García-Moruno. Approaches to validating a mutual participatory web-planning interface in rural Extremadura (Spain). Land Use Policy 2014, 39, 211 -223.

AMA Style

Jin Su Jeong, Julio Hernández-Blanco, Lorenzo García-Moruno. Approaches to validating a mutual participatory web-planning interface in rural Extremadura (Spain). Land Use Policy. 2014; 39 ():211-223.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jin Su Jeong; Julio Hernández-Blanco; Lorenzo García-Moruno. 2014. "Approaches to validating a mutual participatory web-planning interface in rural Extremadura (Spain)." Land Use Policy 39, no. : 211-223.

Journal article
Published: 18 March 2014 in Informes de la Construcción
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Este trabajo presenta un modelo web ideado para asesorar en la toma de decisiones en la integración de construcciones turísticas rurales en su entorno, mediante el intercambio de información y colaboración entre los agentes implicados. Se expone el uso de metodologías espaciales para la selección de localizaciones adecuadas a partir de la evaluación de criterios múltiples (ECM) en un marco web. Se emplean cuatro criterios para la evaluación, que se muestran en un mapa final global de idoneidad, basado en cuatro mapas intermedios parciales según los criterios de evaluación. Como resultado se utilizan tres niveles de información: página de información general, página para la toma de decisión espacial multi-criterio y una página con mapas de intercambio de conocimiento. El modelo propuesto, aplicado al caso práctico de ‘Hervás’, pretende conseguir una discusión esclarecedora entre distintas percepciones de integración de construcciones en su entorno, consi¬derando diferentes alternativas de decisión y posibles contribucionesThis paper presents an interoperable web-based model able to interchange information amongst different stakeholders and to use the information as a means of promoting collaborative activities to integrate rural tourism buildings into a landscape with a case study, Hervás (Spain). Preliminary results from a continuing research are explained with a spatial methodology for selecting the suitable locations of rural buildings, coupling multi-criteria evaluations (MCE) into a web framework. The aim of this methodology is to classify four evaluation criteria and then is to show a final composite suitability map based on the four intermediate maps. The model deals with three types of information: a general overview page; a multi-criteria spatial decision-supporting page; and, a knowledge sharing map page. Using the proposed model, the regional spatial planning is intended to discuss different perceptions of building integration with the surroundings from various decision alternatives and to elucidate this model’s contribution.-- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Proyecto BIA 2007-61166)peerReviewe

ACS Style

J. S. Jeong; Lorenzo García-Moruno; Julio Hernández Blanco. Un modelo web para la asistencia en la toma de decisiones en la integración de las construcciones rurales mediante planificación espacial multi-criterio. Informes de la Construcción 2014, 66, e004 .

AMA Style

J. S. Jeong, Lorenzo García-Moruno, Julio Hernández Blanco. Un modelo web para la asistencia en la toma de decisiones en la integración de las construcciones rurales mediante planificación espacial multi-criterio. Informes de la Construcción. 2014; 66 (533):e004.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J. S. Jeong; Lorenzo García-Moruno; Julio Hernández Blanco. 2014. "Un modelo web para la asistencia en la toma de decisiones en la integración de las construcciones rurales mediante planificación espacial multi-criterio." Informes de la Construcción 66, no. 533: e004.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2013 in Land Use Policy
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Jin Su Jeong; Lorenzo García-Moruno; Julio Hernández Blanco. A site planning approach for rural buildings into a landscape using a spatial multi-criteria decision analysis methodology. Land Use Policy 2013, 32, 108 -118.

AMA Style

Jin Su Jeong, Lorenzo García-Moruno, Julio Hernández Blanco. A site planning approach for rural buildings into a landscape using a spatial multi-criteria decision analysis methodology. Land Use Policy. 2013; 32 ():108-118.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jin Su Jeong; Lorenzo García-Moruno; Julio Hernández Blanco. 2013. "A site planning approach for rural buildings into a landscape using a spatial multi-criteria decision analysis methodology." Land Use Policy 32, no. : 108-118.

Journal article
Published: 30 June 2012 in Biosystems Engineering
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There is often a difficult relationship between rural buildings and the landscape. This may be overcome by methodologies that support a decision-making processes for establishing harmonious relationships and sustainable environment integrity within a unique framework. Preliminary results are presented from a continuing broad research project developing a spatial methodology for integrating new rural buildings associated with tourist functions into landscapes and coupling multi-criteria evaluations (MCE) into a web environment that uses a geographic information system (GIS) technique. Use of the internet allows users easy access to diverse GIS data sources and also allows support collaboration amongst planners, stakeholders and the public. The aim of this methodology, which applies an overlay and index method involving several parameters, is to evaluate its suitability in the study region, Hervás, Spain, in order to optimally plan for rural building integration within its landscape. The methodology used intermediate suitability maps classified by five evaluation criteria, namely physical, visual, economic, social, and environmental criteria. A combination of the five intermediate maps resulted in a final composite suitability map for buildings in a rural landscape. The possibility of designing and implementing a GIS-enabled web application with the methodology, consisting of a general overview, a multi-criteria spatial decision support system, an interoperable knowledge map and a post-task questionnaire to identify spatial models for the different perceptions of building integration within the rural landscape and to certify the possible economic impact on tourism, is presented.

ACS Style

Jin Su Jeong; Lorenzo García-Moruno; Julio Hernández-Blanco. Integrating buildings into a rural landscape using a multi-criteria spatial decision analysis in GIS-enabled web environment. Biosystems Engineering 2012, 112, 82 -92.

AMA Style

Jin Su Jeong, Lorenzo García-Moruno, Julio Hernández-Blanco. Integrating buildings into a rural landscape using a multi-criteria spatial decision analysis in GIS-enabled web environment. Biosystems Engineering. 2012; 112 (2):82-92.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jin Su Jeong; Lorenzo García-Moruno; Julio Hernández-Blanco. 2012. "Integrating buildings into a rural landscape using a multi-criteria spatial decision analysis in GIS-enabled web environment." Biosystems Engineering 112, no. 2: 82-92.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2010 in Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research
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In many developed countries the recent increase in tourist and farm buildings in the countryside has seriously jeopardized the attractiveness of natural and traditional views; such is the case of inland Spain. Visual and aesthetic aspects of any object are defined by their colour, form, line, texture, scale and spatial character. This paper investigates lines and forms and tries to develop design criteria that could offer a high probability of achieving a building integration class as good or very good. The main aim of this research is to develop guidelines for future municipal planning laws, which could help professional designers and town council planners to select lines and forms that harmonize architectural design and environmental location. The proposed approach studies the relationship between buildings and their background. A method is developed to assess these visual relationships among building characteristics of lines and forms and the landscape ones. Also, this research includes public survey methods to assess building integration preferences and a summary table for systematic application of the suggested methodological process. Relevant correlations have been obtained, for example, whereas a type of relationship (visual continuity) provides a probability of 72% of achieving an integration class as good or very good other one (poorly compatible contrast) provides 0%. These relationships between different types of visual characteristics are satisfactory for the study of integration quality. Objective design guidelines are obtained and it is possible to make an evaluation of the different alternatives available and to select the most suitable according to the type of integration sought.

ACS Style

L. García-Moruno; M. J. Montero-Parejo; J. Hernández-Blanco; S. López-Casares. Analysis of lines and forms in buildings to rural landscape integration. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 2010, 8, 833 .

AMA Style

L. García-Moruno, M. J. Montero-Parejo, J. Hernández-Blanco, S. López-Casares. Analysis of lines and forms in buildings to rural landscape integration. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research. 2010; 8 (3):833.

Chicago/Turabian Style

L. García-Moruno; M. J. Montero-Parejo; J. Hernández-Blanco; S. López-Casares. 2010. "Analysis of lines and forms in buildings to rural landscape integration." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 8, no. 3: 833.