This comparative study is an attempt to explore the determinants of capital structure for Malaysian firms listed in various sectors level. Within the framework of traditional and moderate dynamic capital structure theories, the key determinants such as fixed assets, current assets, return on equity, size, earning per share and total assets are tested in relation to the debt-equity ratio. The large-scale study entails data collected from 551 listed firms of Bursa Malaysia main market over 12 years period i.e. 2005-2016. Notably, this study combines Time Series econometrics with Panel Data analysis to enhance methodological robustness. Moreover, the comparative analysis approach is designated to recognize the most persistent capital structure determinants. In the first place, the Multiple Regression analysis (MRA) is selected as a baseline estimation method. Subsequently, the Auto Regression Distributed Lag model (ARDL), the Panel Data Static models, and Dynamic model via the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) are employed to identify the capital structure determinants for the firms listed at Bursa Malaysia. The outcomes are surprising and indicate that the entire market is primarily controlled by the studied determinant total assets, which is significant in both construction and property sectors through MRA, ARDL, and GMM analysis. Technically, the significant role of tangibility and the existence of speed of adjustment across sectors imply that the Dynamic Capital Structure is the most prominent among all, followed by the Dynamic Trade-off theory.

China aims to reduce its carbon dioxide emissions and promote green growth. This study aims to examine the effect of banking sector performance indicators (banks assets and return on asset) and financial inclusion on renewable energy consumption, green growth, and carbon emissions for China from 1995 to 2020 using the ARDL approach. The long-run results suggest that bank assets increase renewable energy consumption and green growth. While return on assets also increases green growth and decreases carbon emission in the long run. Financial inclusion enhances renewable energy consumption and green growth, curbing CO₂ emissions. Banking sector performance and financial inclusion have short-run effects on renewable energy consumption, green growth, and carbon dixoside emissions. The findings thus point to the need for policies that promote banking sector performance and financial inclusion to boost green growth and alleviate CO₂ emissions.

Promoting energy security is an effective strategy for achieving sustainable development. However, rising energy demand has raised fears about energy insecurity (EIS), which poses a significant challenge for many nations. Industrial intelligence (IndInt) can help modernize the production process by promoting energy efficiency, green technology, and cost savings. Given the importance of industrial intelligence in promoting energy security, our study investigates the impact of industrial intelligence and high-quality economic development (HQED) on EIS in China, using data from Chinese provinces from 2007 to 2017. For empirical investigation, a fixed-effects model with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors (FE-DKSEs) is employed. For the sake of robustness, feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) and panel-corrected standard errors (PCSEs) are also applied. Based on the study results, the relationship between industrial intelligence and EIS is non-linear and statistically significant. HQED and EIS are negatively associated, showing that HQED significantly contributes to mitigating EIS. Moreover, the moderating role of HQED in EIS reduction through industrial intelligence is demonstrated. Further, our study findings are robust to the inclusion of various controls. Urbanization and exports increase EIS. Industrial intelligence is helpful in achieving energy security in China. The government should devise policies that promote industrial intelligence to achieve energy security, as energy security is a prerequisite for sustainable development.

This study is an endeavor to identify key significant determinants of capital structure for Shariah-tagged banks. A total of 47 Shariah banks' nine years i.e. from 2013 to 2021 Balance Panel Data is used. The leverage ratio is nominated as a dependent variable, whereas, liquidity, return on assets, gross domestic product, return on equity, tangibility, growth, size, and capital adequacy ratio are designated as explanatory variables. The Panel Data Static model and Dynamic model via the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) are executed. The results specify that liquidity, gross domestic product, tangibility, lagged dependent variable, and profitability i.e. measured by return on equity are positively significant determinants. Besides, the significant lagged variable, tangibility, liquidity, and existence of SOA infer the significance of the Dynamic Trade-off theory. Based on the identified significant determinants, the policymakers can develop similar policies to formulate the capital structure of whole Shariah banks.

Tourism has been the fastest-growing sector in the world over the last decade, contributes to employment opportunities, and generates earnings in foreign currencies. Tourism intensively needs energy to promote tourist activities, which in turn causes economic growth. However, as almost all tourist activities, like hotel accommodations and transportation, strongly depend on energy use, it may contribute to increased energy consumption. Our study explores the impact of tourism on energy consumption in the BRICS (i.e., Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) by using the panel data set of 1995–2014. In this study, feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) and Panel corrected standard error (PCSE) panel regression techniques are used for empirical analysis. The results reveal that tourism has a positive and significant impact on energy consumption. Our findings are robust and unaffected by the use of various energy consumption proxies and econometric techniques. Furthermore, our findings are robust and significant due to the inclusion of various controls such as financial development, gross fixed capital formation, total population, and gross domestic product. The policy implication is that governments should promote the tourism sector as a way to boost the growth of their economies. Sustainable tourism can help these economies achieve sustainable development.