Scientometric reviews, facilitated by computational and visual analytical approaches, allow researchers to gain a thorough understanding of research trends and areas of concentration from a large number of publications. With the fast development of satellite altimetry, which has been effectively applied to a wide range of research topics, it is timely to summarize the scientific achievements of the previous 50 years and identify future trends in this field. A comprehensive overview of satellite altimetry was presented using a total of 8541 publications from the Web of Science Core Collection covering the years from 1970 to 2021. We begin by presenting the fundamental statistical results of the publications, such as the annual number of papers, study categories, countries/regions, afflictions, journals, authors, and keywords, in order to provide a comprehensive picture of satellite altimetry research. We discuss the co-occurrence of the authors in order to reveal the global collaboration network of satellite altimetry research. Finally, we utilised co-citation networks to detect the development trend and associated crucial publications for various specific topics. The findings show that satellite altimetry research has been changed immensely during the last half-century. The United States, France, China, England, and Germany made the most significant contributions in the field of satellite altimetry. The analysis reveals a clear link between technology advancements and the trend in satellite altimetry research. As a result, wide swath altimetry, GNSS-reflectometry, laser altimetry, terrestrial hydrology, and deep learning are among the most frontier study subjects. The findings of this work could guide a thorough understanding of satellite altimetry’s overall development and research front.

We conduct numerical experiments with an atmospheric general circulation model to answer the question whether the extreme Arctic sea ice anomaly in 2007 contributed to the severe January 2008 snowstorm in China. Results show that the record low Arctic sea ice in September 2007, and follow‐up slow recovery of the Arctic sea ice in October and November 2007 could excite two stationary wave structures. One wave train propagates southeastward from the Barents/Kara Seas to central Asia, strengthening the Middle East Jet Stream (MEJS), and the other wave train propagates southward from central Arctic Ocean/eastern Siberia Sea to the mid‐latitude and subtropics of the north Pacific, weakening the East Asian Jet Stream (EAJS). The anomalous westerlies associated with the strengthening of the MEJS and the anomalous easterlies associated with the weakening of the EAJS form a strong convergence zone over central and southern China, providing favorable conditions for the severe January 2008 snowstorm. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society

Over the past few decades, the areal extent of the Arctic sea ice cover has decreased. During the winter of 2017, negative sea ice concentration anomalies occurred mainly in the Chukchi Sea and adjacent seas. The properties of Pacific water through the Bering Strait have changed in recent years. To highlight the role of the Pacific inflow during the 2017 Arctic sea ice retreat, we used mooring measurements and conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) data to quantify the effect of inflow on sea ice in the Chukchi shelf. In September 2017, the temperature of the Pacific inflow was relatively high compared with the multi-year average, especially in the shelf north of 69°N where the temperature anomaly was generally greater than 1°C. The average heat content of each CTD station in September 2017 ranged from 0.77 to 1.58 GJ m^–2, where each station was 0.25 GJ m^–2 higher than the multi-year average. In the central shelf of the Chukchi Sea, the temperature of the 25–40 m layer increased after late May, and decreased after mid-September. The Pacific inflow could have provided a large amount of heat to the Chukchi shelf, the accumulated convective heat transported to the surface from September to October was approximately 1.68 × 10¹⁸ J and it impacted the sea ice growth conditions.

Taken the deep‐sea gravity‐piston corer as the prototype, a model of the corer penetrating was built based on energy conservation and by analysing the coring process. The effects of influencing parameters of the deep‐sea gravity‐piston corer on the penetration process and coring length were analysed. In addition, a comparison between the calculated values and the real examples was performed. The results show that corer weight, sediment properties and penetration velocity affect the coring performance. The penetration depth significantly increases with an increase in corer weight, and the corer weight plays an important role in the process of the corer penetrating. Moreover, the penetration depth decreases with the friction coefficient of increasing sediment, while it gradually increases with an increase in penetration velocity. It is also revealed that the penetration depth decreases approximately linearly as the core barrel diameter. Consequently, these will provide the basic data for the design and optimisation of deep‐water gravity‐piston corer.