Rationale:: Monocyte infiltration into the subintimal space and its intracellular lipid accumulation are the most prominent features of atherosclerosis. To understand the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic disease, we need to understand the characteristics of lipid-laden foamy macrophages in the subintimal space during atherosclerosis. Objective:: We sought to examine the transcriptomic profiles of foamy and nonfoamy macrophages isolated from atherosclerotic intima. Methods and Results:: Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of CD45 ⁺ leukocytes from murine atherosclerotic aorta revealed that there are macrophage subpopulations with distinct differentially expressed genes involved in various functional pathways. To specifically characterize the intimal foamy macrophages of plaque, we developed a lipid staining–based flow cytometric method for analyzing the lipid-laden foam cells of atherosclerotic aortas. We used the fluorescent lipid probe BODIPY493/503 and assessed side-scattered light as an indication of cellular granularity. BODIPY ^hi SSC ^hi foamy macrophages were found residing in intima and expressing CD11c. Foamy macrophage accumulation determined by flow cytometry was positively correlated with the severity of atherosclerosis. Bulk RNA sequencing analysis showed that compared with nonfoamy macrophages, foamy macrophages expressed few inflammatory genes but many lipid-processing genes. Intimal nonfoamy macrophages formed the major population expressing IL (interleukin)-1β and many other inflammatory transcripts in atherosclerotic aorta. Conclusions:: RNA sequencing analysis of intimal macrophages from atherosclerotic aorta revealed that lipid-loaded plaque macrophages are not likely the plaque macrophages that drive lesional inflammation.

A wearable antenna integrated into a military beret for an indoor/outdoor positioning system is proposed. The antenna consists of a truncated patch and a circular ring patch with four conductive threads. The truncated patch antenna is designed for the Global Positioning System (GPS) L1 band for use in outdoor situations, and the circular ring patch antenna with four conductive threads operates at the TM ₄₁ higher-order resonance mode (915 MHz) with a monopole-like radiation characteristic for indoor positioning systems. The antenna is fabricated using textile materials and is integrated into a military beret. The effects of the antenna deformation due to the shape of the military beret and the effects of the human head are analyzed via both simulation and measurement. The simulated and measured 10-dB return-loss bandwidths of the antenna on the head phantom fully cover the 915-MHz industrial, science, and medical band and the 1.575-GHz GPS L1 band.

A SAR reduced 28 GHz beam-steering array antenna with dual-mode operation for fully a metal-covered 5G cellular handset is proposed. The proposed antenna consists of two subarrays each of which has 8 rotated slot antenna elements, which are arranged on the upper frame and on part of the back cover of the handset. The subarrays are selected according to the modes by using a switch. The proposed array demonstrates good reflection coefficients in the frequency band ranging from 27.2 to 28.2 GHz and the mutual-couplings between antenna elements are less than μ11.8 dB. The proposed antenna has good beam steering properties and a hemispherical beam coverage for a mm-wave 5G cellular handset. The calculated peak SAR values on the head phantom by the proposed structure, for the beam scan angles of 0% and 40%, are 0.53 W/kg and 0.88 W/kg, respectively, when the input power of each subarray is 24 dBm.