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Using the UK Agency for International Development (DFID) sustainable livelihood framework, this paper measures the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) farmers’ capacities in adopting ecological shrimp aquaculture models against the environmental pressures. The results took note of the beneficial natural and physical aspects while underlining the farmers' financial and social limitations in achieving livelihood sustainability. These limitations were found to be closely linked to the under-appreciated role of the governmental agency. The farmers, at the same time, overlook the importance of concessional loans while relying on their community network. We also discovered the key role of economic benefit in driving the farmers to shift their livelihoods from ecological models to industrial models, which would compromise the regional planning efforts of the government. In addition to contributing to enhancing the baseline information for future research, the findings presented in this paper can be of particular relevance to supporting agricultural decision-makers and policy planners of the entire VMD.
Ngo Thi Thu Trang; Ho Huu Loc. Livelihood sustainability of rural households in adapting to environmental changes: An empirical analysis of ecological shrimp aquaculture model in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Environmental Development 2021, 39, 100653 .
AMA StyleNgo Thi Thu Trang, Ho Huu Loc. Livelihood sustainability of rural households in adapting to environmental changes: An empirical analysis of ecological shrimp aquaculture model in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Environmental Development. 2021; 39 ():100653.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNgo Thi Thu Trang; Ho Huu Loc. 2021. "Livelihood sustainability of rural households in adapting to environmental changes: An empirical analysis of ecological shrimp aquaculture model in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta." Environmental Development 39, no. : 100653.
The river beds of the Mekong Delta are some of the most intensively sand mined places in the world, however sand mining budgets are limited to rough and indirect estimates. Here, we provide a systematic, semi-physically based estimation of the Mekong Delta’s sand mining budget. We provide a quantified budget that overcomes limitations resulting from previous reliance on officially declared statistics and bathymetric surveys of short channel reaches. We apply Sentinel-1 radar imagery to monitor the distribution of sand mining activities using boat metrics-driven mining intensity maps correlated with a field-based bathymetry difference map derived from two extensive bathymetric surveys of ~100 km reaches in the Tiền River conducted in 2014 and 2017 that cover ~15% of the Mekong Delta. We then extrapolate the Tiền River findings to the broader Vietnamese Mekong Delta from 2015 to 2020 and measure a continuous increase of the extraction budget by ~25% between 2015 (38 Mm3/yr) and 2020 (47 Mm3/yr). We estimate a total sand mining budget of 254 Mm3 during the 6-year study period with an average annual rate of ~42 Mm3. Our semi-physically based annual rate differs from both official declarations provided and estimates from previous studies implying that a substantial portion of sand mining budget remains unaccounted for. Riverbed sand mining remains key threat to the Mekong Delta as it exacerbates or contributes to a multitude of other threats including dam construction effects on sedimentation, ongoing subsidence, sea level rise and recurring salt intrusion. This integrated study offers a new method that is readily implementable elsewhere to allow for extensive monitoring and quantification of sand mining activities that are vital for assessing future projections on environmental impacts.
Charles Robin Gruel; Edward Park; Loc Huu Ho; Sameh Kantoush; Lian Feng; Binh Van Doan; Adam D. Switzer. New systemically measured sand mining budget for the Mekong Delta reveals rising trends and significant volume underestimations. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleCharles Robin Gruel, Edward Park, Loc Huu Ho, Sameh Kantoush, Lian Feng, Binh Van Doan, Adam D. Switzer. New systemically measured sand mining budget for the Mekong Delta reveals rising trends and significant volume underestimations. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCharles Robin Gruel; Edward Park; Loc Huu Ho; Sameh Kantoush; Lian Feng; Binh Van Doan; Adam D. Switzer. 2021. "New systemically measured sand mining budget for the Mekong Delta reveals rising trends and significant volume underestimations." , no. : 1.
Once a key factor behind Vietnam's successful Doi Moi (restoration) economic reforms, the rice-centered agriculture of the VMD is now confronted by the new pressure of climate change impacts, including the intensifying salinity intrusion (SI). The SI menace has partly triggered the delta-wide emergence of new adaptive livelihood models across the VMD, including the prawn rice rotational crop (PRRC) that is arguably the most prominent. Research on the SI-driving factors is rapidly increasing in numbers, yet little synthesis has been done. Likewise, several studies have investigated the economic benefits of PRRC; less emphasis has placed on environmental and societal aspects, hence the questionable sustainability. This study, therefore, contributes a composite literature review, targeting two SI-related aspects: (i) key factors driving the intensification of SI in recent years across the Mekong Delta, and (ii) current understanding of the sustainability of PRRC. Results from the first review assignment highlight the four key SI-driving factors: riverbed incision, land subsidence, upstream dams, and sea-level rise. Also remarked are the critical absence of studies addressing multiple drivers and the need for a decoupling model to quantify the relative importance of each factor to strategize the adaptive measures. For PRRC, we reveal that while economic benefits have been widely reported, potential negative impacts of this model related to environmental and social aspects are lacking. Therefore, while the lucrative prawn trade might financially benefit the farmers', the economic benefit is marred by the underlying negative environmental impacts and social inequalities, limiting overall sustainability. This study also provides a case study to notify the spatial-temporal trends of PRRC in the last three decades and evaluate the associated geographical and social factors. Kien Giang province was selected as the study site since it is the largest PRRCacross the VMD. The lessons from Kien Giang can also be applied to other transformative agricultural models in both Mekong Delta and other deltas worldwide.
Ho Huu Loc; Mindy Low; Edward Park; Tran Duc Dung; Sangam Shrestha; Yong-Jin Yoon. How the saline water intrusion has reshaped the agricultural landscape of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta, a review. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 794, 148651 .
AMA StyleHo Huu Loc, Mindy Low, Edward Park, Tran Duc Dung, Sangam Shrestha, Yong-Jin Yoon. How the saline water intrusion has reshaped the agricultural landscape of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta, a review. Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 794 ():148651.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHo Huu Loc; Mindy Low; Edward Park; Tran Duc Dung; Sangam Shrestha; Yong-Jin Yoon. 2021. "How the saline water intrusion has reshaped the agricultural landscape of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta, a review." Science of The Total Environment 794, no. : 148651.
Vietnam Mekong Delta (VMD), the country’s most important food basket, is constantly threatened by drought-infused salinity intrusion (SI). The SI disaster of 2020 is recognized as the worst in recent decades, hence inspiring this perspective article. The authors’ viewpoints on the disaster’s impacts and causes are presented. The arguments presented are mainly drawn from (i) up-to-date publications that report on the recent SI intensification in the VMD and (ii) the power spectral analysis results using water level data. We verified the intensifying SI in the VMD both in its frequency and magnitude and remarked on four of the key SI drivers: (i) upstream hydropower dams, (ii) land subsidence, (iii) the relative sea-level rise, and (iv) riverbed sand mining. Also, a non-exhaustive yet list of recommendable management implications to mitigate the negative effects of the SI is contributed. The mitigation measures must be realized at multiple scales, ranging from pursuing transboundary water diplomacy efforts to managing internal pressures via developing early warnings, restricting illegal sand mining activities, alleviating pressures on groundwater resources, and diversifying agriculture.
Edward Park; Ho Huu Loc; Doan Van Binh; Sameh Kantoush. The worst 2020 saline water intrusion disaster of the past century in the Mekong Delta: Impacts, causes, and management implications. Ambio 2021, 1 -9.
AMA StyleEdward Park, Ho Huu Loc, Doan Van Binh, Sameh Kantoush. The worst 2020 saline water intrusion disaster of the past century in the Mekong Delta: Impacts, causes, and management implications. Ambio. 2021; ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdward Park; Ho Huu Loc; Doan Van Binh; Sameh Kantoush. 2021. "The worst 2020 saline water intrusion disaster of the past century in the Mekong Delta: Impacts, causes, and management implications." Ambio , no. : 1-9.
Ecotourism in national parks of developing countries is increasingly recognised as a promising option to achieve sustainable development goals, regardless, might imply various paradoxical managerial challenges. This paper, therefore, seeks to contribute a methodological framework utilising ES-based social landscape metrics (SLM) to address the potential barriers in managing ecotourism-integrated multi-functional national parks. We present a mixed-method case study in Vietnam's Tram Chim National Park (TCNP), conducted via semi-structural interviews and PGIS with tourists and locals. Multiple key informants, i.e. TCNP's authorities were also interviewed to provide their managerial insights and assist in verifying the PGIS results obtained from the tourists and locals. Via the quantified and mapped SLMs, the study reveals the differences between tourists and locals in terms of how and where they perceive and appreciate the intangible values of TCNP. Through spatial statistics, we reported important spatial correlations (i) between different categories of Ecosystem Services (ES) and (ii) between ES richness and diversity on different TCNP's land covers. As a contribution to the decision-making outlook, we remarked potential areas to expand of ecotourism activities based on the spatial hot and cold spots. This study concludes by highlighting opportunities for future research in expanding on socio-geographical assessments of ES, especially in the fields of ecotourism.
Jie Ying Yee; Ho Huu Loc; Yi Le Poh; Tan Vo-Thanh; Edward Park. Socio-geographical evaluation of ecosystem services in an ecotourism destination: PGIS application in Tram Chim National Park, Vietnam. Journal of Environmental Management 2021, 291, 112656 .
AMA StyleJie Ying Yee, Ho Huu Loc, Yi Le Poh, Tan Vo-Thanh, Edward Park. Socio-geographical evaluation of ecosystem services in an ecotourism destination: PGIS application in Tram Chim National Park, Vietnam. Journal of Environmental Management. 2021; 291 ():112656.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJie Ying Yee; Ho Huu Loc; Yi Le Poh; Tan Vo-Thanh; Edward Park. 2021. "Socio-geographical evaluation of ecosystem services in an ecotourism destination: PGIS application in Tram Chim National Park, Vietnam." Journal of Environmental Management 291, no. : 112656.
Public participation geographic information systems (PPGIS), though proven valuable in ecosystem services (ES) research, is occasionally criticized for being expensive in terms of time, cost and administration efforts in case the post-hoc sophisticated spatial analytics/statistics are targeted. This study, based on the enhancement of the pre-developed PPGIS analytical framework, seeks to address these critiques by introducing an in-expensive effective data collection strategy, while substantially facilitating geo-spatial analytics. The U Minh Thuong National Park (UMTNP) in the Mekong Delta in Vietnam, a world’s renowned Ramsar site, was chosen to demonstrate the framework. The respondents participated in the participatory mapping on paper maps, using color markers to hand-draw (as polygons) their self-perceived areas associated with different categories ES. By collecting 2D data, the post-hoc spatial analyses could have utilized more meaningful statistical methods. In this study, we introduced the uses of three methods: Ordinary least squares (OLS), Geographically weighted regression (GWR) and Moran’s I to assess the spatial autocorrelation of ES across the landscape. In addition to participatory mapping, the respondents were also engaged in completing a semi-structured questionnaire, which was subsequently analyzed using principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. These two multivariate analyses serve to reveal the structured diversity of the people’s perceptions towards the importance of different ES. It was shown that Provisioning ES was the most highly regarded benefit, followed by Regulating, Supporting and Cultural. Regulating and Supporting ES, the two indirect material services share relatively similar appreciation patterns while Cultural ES was unexpectedly the least credited, a stark contrast lineagainst the government designated eco-tourism and historical functions of UMTNP. Geographically, the core areas of the national park have the most overlaps between Provisioning and Regulating services. Supporting services, on the other hand, were the most associated with Provisioning and Regulating services in peripheral areas. Cultural services were synergized with the other three types of ES in the areas reserved for eco-tourism activities. The revealed spatial synergies can determine the areas where potential conflicts between extractive and non-extractive uses could occur, contributing insights for sustainable management of UMTNP and other protected areas worldwide. In addition, this study also contributes to promoting the PPGIS method in ES research and other human geographical studies, those relying on community participation.
Ho Huu Loc; Edward Park; Tran Ngoc Thu; Nguyen Thi Hong Diep; Nguyen Trong Can. An enhanced analytical framework of participatory GIS for ecosystem services assessment applied to a Ramsar wetland site in the Vietnam Mekong Delta. Ecosystem Services 2021, 48, 101245 .
AMA StyleHo Huu Loc, Edward Park, Tran Ngoc Thu, Nguyen Thi Hong Diep, Nguyen Trong Can. An enhanced analytical framework of participatory GIS for ecosystem services assessment applied to a Ramsar wetland site in the Vietnam Mekong Delta. Ecosystem Services. 2021; 48 ():101245.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHo Huu Loc; Edward Park; Tran Ngoc Thu; Nguyen Thi Hong Diep; Nguyen Trong Can. 2021. "An enhanced analytical framework of participatory GIS for ecosystem services assessment applied to a Ramsar wetland site in the Vietnam Mekong Delta." Ecosystem Services 48, no. : 101245.
Rapidly changing hydrological conditions under climate change, upstream developments, and local water infrastructures require transformative changes in water management strategies for the agriculture sector in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). For more than three decades, the agricultural policies in Vietnam have emphasized the intensification of rice production. In recent years, however, the Vietnamese government has started to pay more attention to longer-term sustainability considerations. Recent regional plans and high-level policies, including the Mekong Delta Plan and the Resolution 120 emphasize the development of high-value, sustainable and climate-resilient agriculture and food production. This shift has its challenges. One of them relates to changes in the government-mandated flood-control strategy. The increased awareness of the agricultural and environmental benefits of seasonal floods including soil fertility maintenance and pest management has resulted in new government regulations that require farmers to adopt a so-called 3–3–2 cropping cycle which means that every three years, farmers protected by high dikes should allow their rice fields to get flooded during the third rice season. Some of the farmers, however, have been reluctant to shift their farming cycle away from the triple-rice cropping system because of livelihood security-related concerns. Our study examines rice farmers’ livelihood sustainability in the upper delta by applying a sustainable livelihood framework to systematically identify prospects and challenges for more sustainable flood-based livelihoods. We interviewed 160 rice farmers and conducted two focus group discussions in two communes in An Giang province. Our results show that appreciation of the benefits of the 3–3–2 cycle has increased while the results of the livelihood capital index calculations show relatively good status of livelihood sustainability of farming households, indicated by the overall 5–capital scores of over 0.4. The study also identifies other constraints to sustainable farm-based livelihoods including unstable rice markets and shortage of labor. A key finding, however, is that unless more supportive policies and enhanced viability of flood-based crops are developed, farmers will not be sufficiently motivated to change their farming practices.
Dung Duc Tran; Loc Ho Huu; Long Phi Hoang; Tien Duy Pham; Au Hai Nguyen. Sustainability of rice-based livelihoods in the upper floodplains of Vietnamese Mekong Delta: Prospects and challenges. Agricultural Water Management 2020, 243, 106495 .
AMA StyleDung Duc Tran, Loc Ho Huu, Long Phi Hoang, Tien Duy Pham, Au Hai Nguyen. Sustainability of rice-based livelihoods in the upper floodplains of Vietnamese Mekong Delta: Prospects and challenges. Agricultural Water Management. 2020; 243 ():106495.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDung Duc Tran; Loc Ho Huu; Long Phi Hoang; Tien Duy Pham; Au Hai Nguyen. 2020. "Sustainability of rice-based livelihoods in the upper floodplains of Vietnamese Mekong Delta: Prospects and challenges." Agricultural Water Management 243, no. : 106495.
Here we present a proof of concept evaluation of the impacts of riverbed-mining on river-wetland connectivity by analyzing the temporal trends of the flood frequencies in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD), while accounting for the effect of dyke constructions. We focus on the Long Xuyen Quadrangle (LXQ), which is significant in terms of biodiversity and economic contribution to the VMD as it is one of the most important food baskets of Southeast Asia that depends on seasonal flooding. Our results indicate that the flood frequency in LXQ has decreased significantly over the past 20 years (1995–2015). Time-series analyses of water level data at Chau Doc, Tan Chau, and Can Tho stations confirmed that the overall descending trend is statistically significant (p-value < 0.001 and tau ~ 0.1). However, the river discharge at Kratie showed no significant trend (p-value = 0.98) over the same period. This indicates that the flood frequency is associated with the lowering of the riverbed (incision) other than climatic factors. The connectivity analysis also revealed a remarkable drop in the inundation duration after early 2000, which corresponds to the previous observations of the shifting shoreline of the VMD from construction to shrinking. Finally, regression and principal component analyses underpinned the strong causality between the riverbed-mining and the decreased seasonal flooding patterns in LXQ, while accounting for the effect of the dyke system over the last decades (R2 = 0.75). This study offers compelling evidences on the relationship between sand-mining in the river and the disrupted flood regimes in VMD. The reduction in water and sediments that is necessary for sustaining current rates of agricultural production in the long term would endanger the livelihoods of millions of VMD inhabitants.
Edward Park; Loc Ho; Dung Duc Tran; Xiankun Yang; Enner Alcantara; Eder Merino; Vu Hai Son. Dramatic decrease of flood frequency in the Mekong Delta due to river-bed mining and dyke construction. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 723, 138066 .
AMA StyleEdward Park, Loc Ho, Dung Duc Tran, Xiankun Yang, Enner Alcantara, Eder Merino, Vu Hai Son. Dramatic decrease of flood frequency in the Mekong Delta due to river-bed mining and dyke construction. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 723 ():138066.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdward Park; Loc Ho; Dung Duc Tran; Xiankun Yang; Enner Alcantara; Eder Merino; Vu Hai Son. 2020. "Dramatic decrease of flood frequency in the Mekong Delta due to river-bed mining and dyke construction." Science of The Total Environment 723, no. : 138066.
Recovery of nutrients from the manure wastewater has a potential for cost saving in the treatment process. Utilizing the recovered nutrients help reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer in an agriculture. The objective of this research is recovering nutrients from pig farm wastewater via the adsorption of various zeolite and this zeolite compound as organic fertilizer in growth of Green mustard. The objective of this research is optimizing the absorption of the total nitrogen and phosphorus of zeolite under various parameters, including the zeolite weight, the adsorption time, Azotobacter addition and the aeration. Results showed that the rate of 30g zeolite with supplementation of 5ml microbial was aerated in 72 hours for the best efficiency. After 21dates of growth, combination of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers mentioned the great products on both height and total harvested weight.
Thanh Tran; Loc Ho; Duc Anh Le; Luong Quang Tuong; Do Thi Thao; Ho Huu Loc; Lam Van Tan. Evaluation of natural zeolite as adsorbent material for the recovery of nutrients from manure wastewater. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2020, 736, 1 .
AMA StyleThanh Tran, Loc Ho, Duc Anh Le, Luong Quang Tuong, Do Thi Thao, Ho Huu Loc, Lam Van Tan. Evaluation of natural zeolite as adsorbent material for the recovery of nutrients from manure wastewater. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020; 736 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThanh Tran; Loc Ho; Duc Anh Le; Luong Quang Tuong; Do Thi Thao; Ho Huu Loc; Lam Van Tan. 2020. "Evaluation of natural zeolite as adsorbent material for the recovery of nutrients from manure wastewater." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 736, no. : 1.
Saltwater intrusion, a consequence of climate change and decreased water levels, has been increasingly severe in the Mekong Delta region. Thanh Phu District, Ben Tre Province, Vietnam, is a coastal region where agricultural production and local livelihood have been impaired by saltwater intrusion, resulting in the adoption of multiple coping strategies, including rotations and intercropping. This study aims to measure and evaluate soil and water quality indicators of multiple farming systems in Thanh Phu district and contributes to developing suitable cropping patterns. Soil indicators were pH, electrical conductivity, and exchangeable Na+. Water quality characteristics include pH, salinity, dissolved N and P, alkalinity, H2S, and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results indicated that water pH and salinity were at suitable levels to support the growth of prawn but were below the critical level required to grow black tiger shrimp and white-legged shrimp. Water alkalinity, dissolved N, P, and COD were not constraining for the growth of shrimps. However, a significant concentration of H2S may cause disadvantages for shrimp growth.
Lam Van Tan; Thanh Tran; Ho Huu Loc. Soil and Water Quality Indicators of Diversified Farming Systems in a Saline Region of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Agriculture 2020, 10, 38 .
AMA StyleLam Van Tan, Thanh Tran, Ho Huu Loc. Soil and Water Quality Indicators of Diversified Farming Systems in a Saline Region of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (2):38.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLam Van Tan; Thanh Tran; Ho Huu Loc. 2020. "Soil and Water Quality Indicators of Diversified Farming Systems in a Saline Region of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam." Agriculture 10, no. 2: 38.
The prevalent presence of antibiotic compounds (e.g., chloramphenicol [CAP]) in wastewater and effluents without pretreatment can bring adverse impacts on human and animals; therefore, the remediation of these substrates is emergently essential. To synthesize the novel mesoporous carbon for chloramphenicol remediation, we pyrolyzed a species of copper-based metal-organic framework, namely Cu3(BTC)2 (BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid), at 700 °C, characterized by several physical analytical techniques, such as X-ray powder diffraction, scanning/transmission electron microscopy, and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm measurement. The procedure to optimize the optimum conditions for the removal of CAP was conducted based on investigating three factors including concentration (1.6–18.4 mg/L), adsorbent dosage (0.08–0.92 g/L), and pH (2.6–9.4). As a consequence, up to 87.6% of chloramphenicol could be removed from water under these conditions. Moreover, the effects of contact time (0–120 min) and concentration (10–40 mg/L), as well as other adsorption kinetic and isotherm models, were vigorously studied. With a relatively high surface area (78.8 m2/g), many functional groups on the surface (2.44 mmoL/g for acidic and base groups), and high maximum adsorption capacity (37.2 mg/g), the mesoporous carbon from Cu3(BTC)2 can be used as an efficient adsorbent for CAP removal from wastewater.
Thuan Van Tran; Duyen Thi Cam Nguyen; Hanh Thi Ngoc Le; Loc Ho; Trung Thanh Nguyen; Van-Dat Doan; Trinh Duy Nguyen; Long Giang Bach. Response surface methodology-optimized removal of chloramphenicol pharmaceutical from wastewater using Cu3(BTC)2-derived porous carbon as an efficient adsorbent. Comptes Rendus. Chimie 2019, 22, 794 -803.
AMA StyleThuan Van Tran, Duyen Thi Cam Nguyen, Hanh Thi Ngoc Le, Loc Ho, Trung Thanh Nguyen, Van-Dat Doan, Trinh Duy Nguyen, Long Giang Bach. Response surface methodology-optimized removal of chloramphenicol pharmaceutical from wastewater using Cu3(BTC)2-derived porous carbon as an efficient adsorbent. Comptes Rendus. Chimie. 2019; 22 (11-12):794-803.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThuan Van Tran; Duyen Thi Cam Nguyen; Hanh Thi Ngoc Le; Loc Ho; Trung Thanh Nguyen; Van-Dat Doan; Trinh Duy Nguyen; Long Giang Bach. 2019. "Response surface methodology-optimized removal of chloramphenicol pharmaceutical from wastewater using Cu3(BTC)2-derived porous carbon as an efficient adsorbent." Comptes Rendus. Chimie 22, no. 11-12: 794-803.
Reanalysis data is widely used to develop predictor-predictand models, which are further used to downscale coarse gridded general circulation models (GCM) data at a local scale. However, large variability in the downscaled product using different GCMs is still a big challenge. The first objective of this study was to assess the performance of reanalysis data to downscale precipitation using different GCMs. High bias in downscaled precipitation was observed using different GCMs, so a different downscaling approach is proposed in which historical data of GCM was used to develop a predictor-predictand model. The earlier approach is termed “Re-Obs” and the proposed approach as “GCM-Obs”. Both models were assessed using mathematical derivation and generated synthetic series. The intermodal bias in different GCMs downscaled precipitation using Re-Obs and GCM-Obs model was also checked. Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project-5 (CMIP5) data of ten different GCMs was used to downscale precipitation in different urbanized, rural, and forest regions in the Ganga river basin. Different measures were used to represent the relative performances of one downscaling approach over other approach in terms of closeness of downscaled precipitation with observed precipitation and reduction of bias using different GCMs. The effect of GCM spatial resolution in downscaling was also checked. The model performance, convergence, and skill score were computed to assess the ability of GCM-Obs and Re-Obs models. The proposed GCM-Obs model was found better than Re-Obs model to statistically downscale GCM. It was observed that GCM-Obs model was able to reduce GCM-Observed and GCM-GCM bias in the downscaled precipitation in the Ganga river basin.
Chetan Sharma; Chandra Shekhar Prasad Ojha; Anoop Kumar Shukla; Quoc Bao Pham; Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh; Chow Ming Fai; Ho Huu Loc; Tran Duc Dung. Modified Approach to Reduce GCM Bias in Downscaled Precipitation: A Study in Ganga River Basin. Water 2019, 11, 2097 .
AMA StyleChetan Sharma, Chandra Shekhar Prasad Ojha, Anoop Kumar Shukla, Quoc Bao Pham, Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh, Chow Ming Fai, Ho Huu Loc, Tran Duc Dung. Modified Approach to Reduce GCM Bias in Downscaled Precipitation: A Study in Ganga River Basin. Water. 2019; 11 (10):2097.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChetan Sharma; Chandra Shekhar Prasad Ojha; Anoop Kumar Shukla; Quoc Bao Pham; Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh; Chow Ming Fai; Ho Huu Loc; Tran Duc Dung. 2019. "Modified Approach to Reduce GCM Bias in Downscaled Precipitation: A Study in Ganga River Basin." Water 11, no. 10: 2097.
In this study, we developed Different Artificial Intelligence (AI) models namely Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Adaptive Network based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) for the prediction of Compression Coefficient of soil (Cc) which is one of the most important geotechnical parameters. A Monte Carlo approach was used for the sensitivity analysis of the AI models and input parameters. For the construction and validation of the models, 189 soft clayey soil samples were analyzed. In the models study, 13 input parameters: depth of sample, bulk density, plasticity index, moisture content, clay content, specific gravity, void ratio, liquid limit, dry density, porosity, plastic limit, degree of saturation, and liquidity index were used to obtain one output parameter “Cc”. Validation of the models was done using statistical methods such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Coefficient of determination (R2). Results of the model validation indicate that though performance of all the three models is good but SVM model is the best in the prediction of Cc. The Monte Carlo method based sensitivity analysis results show that out of the 13 input parameters considered for the models study, four parameters namely clay, degree of saturation, specific gravity and depth of sample are the most relevant in the prediction of Cc, and other parameters (bulk density, dry density, void ratio and porosity) are the most insignificant parameters for the prediction of Cc. Removal of these insignificant parameters helped to reduce the dimension of the input space and also model running time, and improved significantly the performance of the AI models. The results of this study might help in selecting the suitable AI models and input parameters for better and quick prediction of the Cc of soil.
Binh Thai Pham; Manh Duc Nguyen; Dong Van Dao; Indra Prakash; Hai-Bang Ly; Tien-Thinh Le; Loc Ho; Kien Trung Nguyen; Trinh Quoc Ngo; Vu Hoang; Le Hoang Son; Huong Thanh Thi Ngo; Hieu Trung Tran; Ngoc Minh Do; Hiep Van Le; Huu Loc Ho; Dieu Tien Bui. Development of artificial intelligence models for the prediction of Compression Coefficient of soil: An application of Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 679, 172 -184.
AMA StyleBinh Thai Pham, Manh Duc Nguyen, Dong Van Dao, Indra Prakash, Hai-Bang Ly, Tien-Thinh Le, Loc Ho, Kien Trung Nguyen, Trinh Quoc Ngo, Vu Hoang, Le Hoang Son, Huong Thanh Thi Ngo, Hieu Trung Tran, Ngoc Minh Do, Hiep Van Le, Huu Loc Ho, Dieu Tien Bui. Development of artificial intelligence models for the prediction of Compression Coefficient of soil: An application of Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 679 ():172-184.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBinh Thai Pham; Manh Duc Nguyen; Dong Van Dao; Indra Prakash; Hai-Bang Ly; Tien-Thinh Le; Loc Ho; Kien Trung Nguyen; Trinh Quoc Ngo; Vu Hoang; Le Hoang Son; Huong Thanh Thi Ngo; Hieu Trung Tran; Ngoc Minh Do; Hiep Van Le; Huu Loc Ho; Dieu Tien Bui. 2019. "Development of artificial intelligence models for the prediction of Compression Coefficient of soil: An application of Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis." Science of The Total Environment 679, no. : 172-184.
Floods around the world are having devastating effect on human lives and properties. In this paper, we tested three Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) analysis techniques (VIKOR, TOPSIS and SAW) along with two machine learning methods (NBT and NB) for their ability to model flood susceptibility in China’s Ningdu Catchment, one of the nation’s most flood-prone areas. The twelve flood conditioning factors used as input parameters were: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), lithology, land use, distance from river, curvature, altitude, Stream Transport Index (STI), Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), Stream Power Index (SPI), soil type, slope and rainfall. The models’ predictive capacity was evaluated and validated using the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC). While all models showed a strong flood prediction capability (AUC > 0.95), the NBT model’s performance was the best (AUC = 0.98), suggesting that, among the models studied, the NBT model is a promising method for the assessment of flood susceptible areas for proper planning and management of flood hazards.
Khabat Khosravi; Himan Shahabi; Binh Thai Pham; Jan Adamowski; Ataollah Shirzadi; Biswajeet Pradhan; Jie Dou; Hai-Bang Ly; Gyula Gróf; Huu Loc Ho; Haoyuan Hong; Kamran Chapi; Indra Prakash. A comparative assessment of flood susceptibility modeling using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Analysis and Machine Learning Methods. Journal of Hydrology 2019, 573, 311 -323.
AMA StyleKhabat Khosravi, Himan Shahabi, Binh Thai Pham, Jan Adamowski, Ataollah Shirzadi, Biswajeet Pradhan, Jie Dou, Hai-Bang Ly, Gyula Gróf, Huu Loc Ho, Haoyuan Hong, Kamran Chapi, Indra Prakash. A comparative assessment of flood susceptibility modeling using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Analysis and Machine Learning Methods. Journal of Hydrology. 2019; 573 ():311-323.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhabat Khosravi; Himan Shahabi; Binh Thai Pham; Jan Adamowski; Ataollah Shirzadi; Biswajeet Pradhan; Jie Dou; Hai-Bang Ly; Gyula Gróf; Huu Loc Ho; Haoyuan Hong; Kamran Chapi; Indra Prakash. 2019. "A comparative assessment of flood susceptibility modeling using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Analysis and Machine Learning Methods." Journal of Hydrology 573, no. : 311-323.
Sustainable livelihood development is an ongoing challenge worldwide, and has regained importance due to threats of water shortages and climate change. To cope with changing climatic, demographic and market conditions in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta (VMD) an agricultural transformation process has been suggested in the recent Mekong Delta Plan. This agricultural transformation process requires the implementation of alternative livelihood models. The majority of current agricultural livelihood models in the VMD have been introduced by the government in a top-down manner. In this study, we applied a bottom-up approach to understand the motivations and abilities of local farmers to adopt alternative livelihood models. It is based on the MOTA methodological framework, which is further tested with the use of multivariate analyses. The study was conducted in Ben Tre coastal province. Results showed that farmers’ motivations and abilities to apply alternative models vary substantially among different groups, driven by their perceptions on triggers and opportunities. Acknowledging this diversity is essential to the development of agricultural transformation plans. Furthermore, based on the analysis, a projection of the precise support that communities need to supplement their knowledge, skills and financial capacities, as well as interventions to reduce the risks of new livelihood models, is given.
Hong Quan Nguyen; Dorien Korbee; Loc Ho; Jacob Weger; Phan Thi Thanh Hoa; Nguyen Thi Thanh Duyen; Pham Dang Manh Hong Luan; Thi Tang Luu; Dang Ho Phuong Thao; Ngo Thi Thu Trang; Leon Hermans; Jaap Evers; Andrew Wyatt; Xuan Quang Chau Nguyen; Ho Long Phi. Farmer adoptability for livelihood transformations in the Mekong Delta: a case in Ben Tre province. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 2019, 62, 1603 -1618.
AMA StyleHong Quan Nguyen, Dorien Korbee, Loc Ho, Jacob Weger, Phan Thi Thanh Hoa, Nguyen Thi Thanh Duyen, Pham Dang Manh Hong Luan, Thi Tang Luu, Dang Ho Phuong Thao, Ngo Thi Thu Trang, Leon Hermans, Jaap Evers, Andrew Wyatt, Xuan Quang Chau Nguyen, Ho Long Phi. Farmer adoptability for livelihood transformations in the Mekong Delta: a case in Ben Tre province. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 2019; 62 (9):1603-1618.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHong Quan Nguyen; Dorien Korbee; Loc Ho; Jacob Weger; Phan Thi Thanh Hoa; Nguyen Thi Thanh Duyen; Pham Dang Manh Hong Luan; Thi Tang Luu; Dang Ho Phuong Thao; Ngo Thi Thu Trang; Leon Hermans; Jaap Evers; Andrew Wyatt; Xuan Quang Chau Nguyen; Ho Long Phi. 2019. "Farmer adoptability for livelihood transformations in the Mekong Delta: a case in Ben Tre province." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 62, no. 9: 1603-1618.
Hospital wastewater contains pharmaceutical residues, chemicals, and pathogens that cause coloration and nourish pathogenic microorganisms. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a medical wastewater treatment system at Military Hospital 175 (Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam) that combined a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system with nanofiltration (NF). The influent of the system was the wastewater discharged from the operating rooms of the hospital. The system has a capacity of 50 L/day and operates at three organic load rates (OLR) of 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 kgCOD/m3day (COD: Chemical oxygen demand), in which each load rate operates for 40 days. The results showed that most nutritional criteria generally achieved positive results. Specifically, the average COD removal was shown to be consistently high throughout the three phases at 94%, 93.3%, and 92.7%, respectively. For removal of nitrogen, the system demonstrated efficiencies of 75%, 79%, and 83%, respectively, to three phases. The log removal value (LRV) for Escherichia coli and coliform bacteria were higher than four throughout the study period. The average removal efficiency for color and total iron was approximately 98% and 99%, respectively. The water quality after treatment, especially after NF, meets the Vietnamese standard of grade A. The arrangement in which the MBR preceded NF was also found to limit the amount of soil and solids entering subsequent treatment, which therefore improved the efficiency of NF, as demonstrated by the stability of post-NF transmembrane pressures throughout three cycles renewed by two backwashes.
Thanh Tran; Thanh Binh Nguyen; Huu Loc Ho; Duc Anh Le; Tri Duc Lam; Duy Chinh Nguyen; Anh Tuan Hoang; Trung Sy Do; Luong Hoang; Trinh Duy Nguyen; Long Giang Bach. Integration of Membrane Bioreactor and Nanofiltration for the Treatment Process of Real Hospital Wastewater in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Processes 2019, 7, 123 .
AMA StyleThanh Tran, Thanh Binh Nguyen, Huu Loc Ho, Duc Anh Le, Tri Duc Lam, Duy Chinh Nguyen, Anh Tuan Hoang, Trung Sy Do, Luong Hoang, Trinh Duy Nguyen, Long Giang Bach. Integration of Membrane Bioreactor and Nanofiltration for the Treatment Process of Real Hospital Wastewater in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Processes. 2019; 7 (3):123.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThanh Tran; Thanh Binh Nguyen; Huu Loc Ho; Duc Anh Le; Tri Duc Lam; Duy Chinh Nguyen; Anh Tuan Hoang; Trung Sy Do; Luong Hoang; Trinh Duy Nguyen; Long Giang Bach. 2019. "Integration of Membrane Bioreactor and Nanofiltration for the Treatment Process of Real Hospital Wastewater in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam." Processes 7, no. 3: 123.
Urban flooding has become more serious and worldwide in recent years, especially in the big cities of developing countries. This study uses a multi-criteria analysis (MCA) approach to evaluate the applicability of sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS), a flood control measure, in the central part of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The output of the personal computer storm water management model along with interviews with 140 households was used to assess the efficacy and acceptability of four SUDS alternatives: rainwater harvesting, green roof, urban green space and pervious pavement. On technical performance, green roof was the best alternative, followed by pervious pavement, urban green space and rainwater harvesting. Results of the social survey, however, diverged largely from the results of the technical assessments. In particular, people generally prefer public SUDS such as urban green space and pervious pavements to household solutions. With respect to the MCA, we applied four different procedures: Borda count, pair-wise voting, range of value and analytic hierarchy process. Despite some differences, the integrated results from MCA largely agree that urban green space is the most favourable type of SUDS, followed by green roof, pervious pavement and rainwater harvesting.
Ho Huu Loc; Pham Minh Duyen; Thomas J. Ballatore; Nguyen Hoang My Lan; Ashim Das Gupta. Applicability of sustainable urban drainage systems: an evaluation by multi-criteria analysis. Environment Systems and Decisions 2017, 37, 332 -343.
AMA StyleHo Huu Loc, Pham Minh Duyen, Thomas J. Ballatore, Nguyen Hoang My Lan, Ashim Das Gupta. Applicability of sustainable urban drainage systems: an evaluation by multi-criteria analysis. Environment Systems and Decisions. 2017; 37 (3):332-343.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHo Huu Loc; Pham Minh Duyen; Thomas J. Ballatore; Nguyen Hoang My Lan; Ashim Das Gupta. 2017. "Applicability of sustainable urban drainage systems: an evaluation by multi-criteria analysis." Environment Systems and Decisions 37, no. 3: 332-343.