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Bryan Weichelt
National Farm Medicine Center, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI; National Children’s Center for Rural and Agricultural Safety and Health, Marshfield, WI

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Journal article
Published: 18 July 2021 in Journal of Agromedicine
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Surveillance of injuries in production agriculture is necessary to inform stakeholders about workplace hazards and risks in order to improve and advance injury prevention policies and practices for this dangerous industry. The most comprehensive fatal injury surveillance effort currently in the United States is the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI), which covers occupational fatalities in all U.S. industries, including production agriculture. However, this surveillance does not include many categories of fatalities that occur during agricultural work or on production agriculture worksites. To better capture the human cost of production agriculture, the authors of this paper call for the collection of additional data with a broader scope that supplements, not replaces, the current CFOI. This paper describes challenges in surveillance, highlights key procedural gaps, and offers recommendations for advancing national surveillance of fatal traumatic injuries associated with production agriculture.

ACS Style

Bryan Weichelt; Erika Scott; Rick Burke; John Shutske; Serap Gorucu; Wayne Sanderson; Murray Madsen; Emily Redmond; Dennis J. Murphy; Risto Rautiainen. What About the Rest of Them? Fatal Injuries Related to Production Agriculture Not Captured by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI). Journal of Agromedicine 2021, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Bryan Weichelt, Erika Scott, Rick Burke, John Shutske, Serap Gorucu, Wayne Sanderson, Murray Madsen, Emily Redmond, Dennis J. Murphy, Risto Rautiainen. What About the Rest of Them? Fatal Injuries Related to Production Agriculture Not Captured by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI). Journal of Agromedicine. 2021; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bryan Weichelt; Erika Scott; Rick Burke; John Shutske; Serap Gorucu; Wayne Sanderson; Murray Madsen; Emily Redmond; Dennis J. Murphy; Risto Rautiainen. 2021. "What About the Rest of Them? Fatal Injuries Related to Production Agriculture Not Captured by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI)." Journal of Agromedicine , no. : 1-6.

Journal article
Published: 29 June 2021 in Safety
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Studies across the last few decades have consistently found farmers and farmworkers at an elevated risk of death by suicide compared to other occupational groups in the United States. Still, there is currently no comprehensive national surveillance system for agricultural-related injuries or suicides. For this study, we analyzed Wisconsin death certificate data from 2017 and 2018 to identify the burden of suicide among farmers and farmworkers. In 2017 and 2018, 44 farm-related suicides were identified, or 14.3 per 100,000 farmers and farmworkers. The median age of victims was 51.5 ± 20, and six (13.6%) were female. As these suicide cases were cross-checked, we found that none were identifiable solely from previously published news media or obituaries, indicating: (1) a clear need for a multi-sourced suicide data approach and inter-agency collaborations for future research, and (2) the need for a deeper investigation into the reporting of farm-related suicides. These data are necessary for informing state and local level policy, resource prioritization, and the evaluation of intervention efforts.

ACS Style

Bryan Weichelt; Richard Burke; Emily Redmond; John Shutske. Farm Suicides in Wisconsin, 2017–2018: Preliminary Findings and a Call for Future Research. Safety 2021, 7, 51 .

AMA Style

Bryan Weichelt, Richard Burke, Emily Redmond, John Shutske. Farm Suicides in Wisconsin, 2017–2018: Preliminary Findings and a Call for Future Research. Safety. 2021; 7 (3):51.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bryan Weichelt; Richard Burke; Emily Redmond; John Shutske. 2021. "Farm Suicides in Wisconsin, 2017–2018: Preliminary Findings and a Call for Future Research." Safety 7, no. 3: 51.

Communication
Published: 15 June 2021 in Safety
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AgInjuryNews.org is a news report-based, online sentinel surveillance dataset that has provided publicly available news and media reports of agricultural injuries since early 2015. In the 6 years since its inception, AgInjuryNews.org has hosted 12,897 unique visitors and has collected 997 user account registrations. New users from geographic areas home to NIOSH-funded agricultural research centres were most prominent, with these centres returning in larger numbers, comparatively. Users were acquired mostly through web searches, collaborations with other agencies, and paid Facebook.com advertisements. Paid advertisements recruited 3792 visitors; however, retention, registrations, and on-site engagement from this source was low. This analysis shows that data consumption on AgInjuryNews.org is steadily growing. Similar self-hosted programs that provide data or digital resources to agricultural safety and health stakeholders should consider the integration of auditing and analytics tracking, including user registrations.

ACS Style

Richard Burke; Matthew Pilz; Emily Redmond; Serap Gorucu; Bryan Weichelt. Stakeholders’ Consumption of Agricultural Injury Reports from News Media: A Six-Year Analysis of Website Usage and Visitor Analytics. Safety 2021, 7, 48 .

AMA Style

Richard Burke, Matthew Pilz, Emily Redmond, Serap Gorucu, Bryan Weichelt. Stakeholders’ Consumption of Agricultural Injury Reports from News Media: A Six-Year Analysis of Website Usage and Visitor Analytics. Safety. 2021; 7 (2):48.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Richard Burke; Matthew Pilz; Emily Redmond; Serap Gorucu; Bryan Weichelt. 2021. "Stakeholders’ Consumption of Agricultural Injury Reports from News Media: A Six-Year Analysis of Website Usage and Visitor Analytics." Safety 7, no. 2: 48.

Journal article
Published: 26 May 2021 in Sustainability
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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major public health concern in the United States. In response to the federally sponsored Million Hearts Risk Check Challenge, a team of programmers, software developers, health-information technologists, and clinicians in an integrated healthcare system in Wisconsin collaborated to develop Heart Health MobileTM (HHM), designed to improve awareness of cardiovascular disease risk and promote risk factor control among users. This paper outlines the development processes and highlights key lessons learned for mobile health applications. An agile project management methodology was used to dedicate adequate resources and employ adaptive planning and iterative development processes with a self-organized, cross-functional team. The initial HHM iOS app was developed and tested, and after additional modifications, gamified and HTML 5 versions of the app were released. The development of an iOS app is low in cost and sustainable by a healthcare system. Future app modifications to enhance data security and link self-reported cardiovascular risk assessment data to patient medical records may improve performance, patient relevance, and clinician acceptance of HHM in the primary-care setting. Legal and institutional barriers regarding the capture and analyses of protected health information must be mitigated to fully capture, analyze, and report patient health outcomes for future studies.

ACS Style

Bryan Weichelt; Jeffrey VanWormer; Yin Xu; Chris Kadolph; Simon Lin. Lessons Learned from Development of a Mobile App for Cardiovascular Health Awareness. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5985 .

AMA Style

Bryan Weichelt, Jeffrey VanWormer, Yin Xu, Chris Kadolph, Simon Lin. Lessons Learned from Development of a Mobile App for Cardiovascular Health Awareness. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):5985.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bryan Weichelt; Jeffrey VanWormer; Yin Xu; Chris Kadolph; Simon Lin. 2021. "Lessons Learned from Development of a Mobile App for Cardiovascular Health Awareness." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 5985.

Article commentary
Published: 12 September 2020 in Journal of Agromedicine
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Amid concerns of inadequate medical supplies and staffing anticipated from a surge in COVID-19 cases, many health care systems across the United States (U.S.) began shutting down non-essential patient services in March 2020. These sudden shifts bring up questions about the long-term effects of COVID-19 on already fragile rural health care systems and the ability of rural populations, including farmers and farm workers, to meet their health care needs. To provide alternative and safe access to health care, the Federal government relaxed telehealth regulations, which effectively removed some of the largest regulatory barriers that had limited the adoption of telehealth in the U.S. In this commentary, we draw on the example of the Marshfield Clinic Health System (MCHS), a large rural health care system in Wisconsin and provide an early assessment of how it adjusted its telehealth services during the early months of COVID-19. While the long-term effects of the pandemic on rural health care systems will not be known for some time, the example of MCHS points to the importance of on-going and sustained investments to support the resilience of health care systems and their ability to weather crises. With early evidence that MCHS patients and practitioners are interested in continuing to use telehealth post-COVID-19, we conclude our commentary by offering three recommendations to remove hurdles and improve quality of telehealth care.

ACS Style

Chris Meyer; Florence Becot; Rick Burke; Bryan Weichelt. Rural Telehealth Use during the COVID-19 Pandemic: How Long-term Infrastructure Commitment May Support Rural Health Care Systems Resilience. Journal of Agromedicine 2020, 25, 362 -366.

AMA Style

Chris Meyer, Florence Becot, Rick Burke, Bryan Weichelt. Rural Telehealth Use during the COVID-19 Pandemic: How Long-term Infrastructure Commitment May Support Rural Health Care Systems Resilience. Journal of Agromedicine. 2020; 25 (4):362-366.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chris Meyer; Florence Becot; Rick Burke; Bryan Weichelt. 2020. "Rural Telehealth Use during the COVID-19 Pandemic: How Long-term Infrastructure Commitment May Support Rural Health Care Systems Resilience." Journal of Agromedicine 25, no. 4: 362-366.

Article commentary
Published: 07 September 2020 in Journal of Agromedicine
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Social media use in public health and other health related research applications has seen a rapid increase in recent years. However, there has been very limited utilization of this growing digital sector in agricultural injury research. Social media offers immense potential in gathering informal data, both text and images, converting them into knowledge, which can open up avenues for research, policy, and practice. There are a number of ways social media data can be utilized in agricultural injury research. This paper touches on the adoption of these data sources in health research and discusses the use of social media as an exploratory research tool that can peer into and identify the edges of potential health and safety problems.

ACS Style

Bryan Weichelt; Priya Nambisan; Rick Burke; Casper Bendixsen. Finding the Edges of Problems: Social Media as an Exploratory Research Tool. Journal of Agromedicine 2020, 25, 423 -426.

AMA Style

Bryan Weichelt, Priya Nambisan, Rick Burke, Casper Bendixsen. Finding the Edges of Problems: Social Media as an Exploratory Research Tool. Journal of Agromedicine. 2020; 25 (4):423-426.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bryan Weichelt; Priya Nambisan; Rick Burke; Casper Bendixsen. 2020. "Finding the Edges of Problems: Social Media as an Exploratory Research Tool." Journal of Agromedicine 25, no. 4: 423-426.

Abstract
Published: 02 July 2020 in Journal of Agromedicine
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Purpose: Agricultural workers are seven times more likely to die on the job than non-agricultural workers. These numbers are likely underestimates of fatal incidents. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) captures fatalities in production agriculture as part of the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI), but there are significant caveats based on the special circumstances of agriculture as compared to other industries. BLS reports of agricultural workplace injuries are important to surveillance. However, it should be made clear in publicly issued reports what is included in the case definition for agriculture. CFOI covers all occupational agriculture fatalities (to the best of CFOI ability), but excludes child and non-worker bystanders and public roadway collision victims who were not working, even if a working farm machine was directly involved. Methods: We identified cases from AgInjuryNews.org that did not meet the criteria for CFOI but are related to agriculture. As part of our ongoing study, these cases will be further reviewed by BLS staff for inclusion or exclusion from CFOI. For this presentation, cases were divided into specific themes for discussion. Findings: Three overall themes were identified: 1)Who is working and does it matter? 2) Where does the workplace end? 3) Does it have to be farm work? In theme 1, we highlight two cases involving children who were injured while not directly engaged in farm work. For theme 2, an agritourism and a public roadway incident were discussed. Lastly, theme 3 describes all-terrain vehicle cases where the riders were performing work that is not directly related to production agriculture or were impacted externally by production agriculture. Translation: What do we lose by excluding non-occupational victims of public roadway, youth, and other non-working farm injuries? What is the purpose of agricultural injury surveillance? If injury prevention is a primary goal, we should continue to analyze data related to agricultural injury, regardless of victims’ occupational status. The Farm and Agricultural Injury Classification (FAIC) System is one effective way to distinguish between production agriculture (occupational) and bystanders, etc. Results from this study exemplify the gaps in current agricultural injury surveillance, uncover a more complete picture of agricultural injury burden, and help move the conversation toward organizational and federal policy discussions.

ACS Style

Bryan Weichelt; Serap Gorucu; John Shutske; Erika Scott; Rick Burke; Dennis J. Murphy; Risto Rautiainen. JA:2021-40. What about the Rest of Them? Their Lives Mattered Too: Fatal Agricultural Injuries Not Captured by BLS/CFOI. Journal of Agromedicine 2020, 25, 263 -263.

AMA Style

Bryan Weichelt, Serap Gorucu, John Shutske, Erika Scott, Rick Burke, Dennis J. Murphy, Risto Rautiainen. JA:2021-40. What about the Rest of Them? Their Lives Mattered Too: Fatal Agricultural Injuries Not Captured by BLS/CFOI. Journal of Agromedicine. 2020; 25 (3):263-263.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bryan Weichelt; Serap Gorucu; John Shutske; Erika Scott; Rick Burke; Dennis J. Murphy; Risto Rautiainen. 2020. "JA:2021-40. What about the Rest of Them? Their Lives Mattered Too: Fatal Agricultural Injuries Not Captured by BLS/CFOI." Journal of Agromedicine 25, no. 3: 263-263.

Review
Published: 29 May 2020 in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance
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Background Injuries related to the operation of off-road vehicles (ORVs), including all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), continue to be a significant public health concern, especially in rural and agricultural environments. In the United States alone, ATVs have played a role in thousands of fatalities and millions of injuries in the recent decades. However, no known centralized federal surveillance system consistently captures these data. Traditional injury data sources include surveys, police reports, trauma registries, emergency department data, newspaper and online media reports, and state and federal agency databases. Objective The objectives of this study paper were to (1) identify published articles on ORV-related injuries and deaths that used large databases and determine the types of datasets that were used, (2) examine and describe several national US-based surveillance systems that capture ORV-related injuries and fatalities, and (3) promote and provide support for the establishment of a federally-funded agricultural injury surveillance system. Methods In this study, we examined several national United States–based injury datasets, including the web-based AgInjuryNews, the Fatality Analysis Reporting System, databases compiled by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission, and the National Fatality Review Case Reporting System. Results Our review found that these data sources cannot provide a complete picture of the incidents or the circumstantial details needed to effectively inform ORV injury prevention efforts. This is particularly true with regard to ORV-related injuries in agricultural production. Conclusions We encourage the establishment of a federally funded national agricultural injury surveillance system. However, in lieu of this, use of multiple data sources will be necessary to provide a more complete picture of ORV- and other agriculture-related injuries and fatalities.

ACS Style

Bryan Weichelt; Serap Gorucu; Charles Jennissen; Gerene Denning; Stephen Oesch. Assessing the Emergent Public Health Concern of All-Terrain Vehicle Injuries in Rural and Agricultural Environments: Initial Review of Available National Datasets in the United States. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 2020, 6, e15477 .

AMA Style

Bryan Weichelt, Serap Gorucu, Charles Jennissen, Gerene Denning, Stephen Oesch. Assessing the Emergent Public Health Concern of All-Terrain Vehicle Injuries in Rural and Agricultural Environments: Initial Review of Available National Datasets in the United States. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance. 2020; 6 (2):e15477.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bryan Weichelt; Serap Gorucu; Charles Jennissen; Gerene Denning; Stephen Oesch. 2020. "Assessing the Emergent Public Health Concern of All-Terrain Vehicle Injuries in Rural and Agricultural Environments: Initial Review of Available National Datasets in the United States." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 6, no. 2: e15477.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2020 in JMIR Formative Research
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Social media platforms have experienced unprecedented levels of growth and usage over the past decade, with Facebook hosting 2.7 billion active users worldwide, including over 200 million users in the United States. Facebook users have been underutilized and understudied by the academic community as a resource for participant recruitment. We performed a pilot study to explore the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of Facebook advertisements for the recruitment of an online agricultural health and safety survey. We undertook a 1-week advertising campaign utilizing the integrated, targeted advertising platform of Facebook Ads Manager with a target-spending limit of US $294. We created and posted three advertisements depicting varying levels of agricultural safety adoption leading to a brief survey on farm demographics and safety attitudes. We targeted our advertisements toward farm mothers aged 21-50 years in the United States and determined cost-effectiveness and potential biases. No participant incentive was offered. We reached 40,024 users and gathered 318 advertisement clicks. Twenty-nine participants consented to the survey with 24 completions. Including personnel costs, the cost per completed survey was US $17.42. Compared to the distribution of female producers in the United States, our advertisements were unexpectedly overrepresented in the eastern United States and were underrepresented in the western United States. Facebook Ads Manager represents a potentially cost-effective and timely method to recruit participants for online health and safety research when targeting a specific population. However, social media recruitment mirrors traditional recruitment methods in its limitations, exhibiting geographic, response, and self-selection biases that need to be addressed.

ACS Style

Richard R Burke; Bryan P Weichelt; Kang Namkoong. Facebook Ads Manager as a Recruitment Tool for a Health and Safety Survey of Farm Mothers: A Pilot Study (Preprint). JMIR Formative Research 2020, 5, e19022 .

AMA Style

Richard R Burke, Bryan P Weichelt, Kang Namkoong. Facebook Ads Manager as a Recruitment Tool for a Health and Safety Survey of Farm Mothers: A Pilot Study (Preprint). JMIR Formative Research. 2020; 5 (4):e19022.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Richard R Burke; Bryan P Weichelt; Kang Namkoong. 2020. "Facebook Ads Manager as a Recruitment Tool for a Health and Safety Survey of Farm Mothers: A Pilot Study (Preprint)." JMIR Formative Research 5, no. 4: e19022.

Preprint content
Published: 01 April 2020
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BACKGROUND Social media websites have unprecedented levels of growth and usage over the past decade, with Facebook.com hosting 2.5 billion active users worldwide and over 200 million Americans. This population has been underutilized and understudied by the academic community as a resource for participant recruitment. OBJECTIVE We explore the efficacy of Facebook.com recruitment for an online agricultural health and safety survey METHODS We undertook a pilot study lasting one week on Facebook utilizing their integrated, targeted advertising platform – Facebook Ads Manager. We posted three advertisements depicting varying levels of agricultural safety adoption leading to a brief survey on farm demographics and safety attitudes. We targeted our advertisements towards farm mothers aged 21-50 in the United States and determined cost-effectiveness and potential biases. RESULTS Three, one-week advertisements were listed concurrently for $294 USD, total. We reached over 40,000 users and gathered 318 clicks. There were 29 participants who consented to the survey, with 24 completions. Our cost per completed survey was $12.25. Compared to the distribution of farms in the US, advertisements were disproportionately posted to users living in Ohio, California, and Michigan and were under-posted in Texas and Iowa. CONCLUSIONS Social media recruitment is limited by geographic and response bias and by self-selection, which needs to be addressed. However, Facebook represents a potentially cost-effective and timely method to recruit participants for online health and safety research when targeting a specific population.

ACS Style

Richard R Burke; Bryan P Weichelt; Kang Namkoong. Facebook Ads Manager as a Recruitment Tool for an Online Health and Safety Survey (Preprint). 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Richard R Burke, Bryan P Weichelt, Kang Namkoong. Facebook Ads Manager as a Recruitment Tool for an Online Health and Safety Survey (Preprint). . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Richard R Burke; Bryan P Weichelt; Kang Namkoong. 2020. "Facebook Ads Manager as a Recruitment Tool for an Online Health and Safety Survey (Preprint)." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 11 December 2019
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UNSTRUCTURED Agriculture, Fishing, and Forestry is the most dangerous occupation in the United States. AgInjuryNews.org is a news report-based online sentinel surveillance project that has collected news and media reports of agricultural injuries since early 2015. We aimed to provide a brief report on visitor acquisition, retention, and usage as well as monitor the efficacy of a Facebook.com social media marketing campaign. Since its inception, AgInjuryNews.org hosted 9,281 unique visitors. New users from major cities and areas housing agricultural research centers were most prominent with agricultural centers returning in larger numbers, comparatively. Users were acquired mostly through web searches, partnerships with other agencies, and paid Facebook.com advertisements. These paid advertisements recruited nearly 4000 new users, however retention and engagement was low. This analysis shows that AgInjuryNews.org is steadily growing and has further informed how to continue to recruit and engage new users.

ACS Style

Richard Burke; Matthew Pilz; Emily Redmond; Serap Gorucu; Bryan Weichelt. Stakeholders’ Usage of a Publicly Available Collection of Agricultural Injury Reports from News Media: A Five-Year Analysis of Website Usage and Visitor Analytics (Preprint). 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Richard Burke, Matthew Pilz, Emily Redmond, Serap Gorucu, Bryan Weichelt. Stakeholders’ Usage of a Publicly Available Collection of Agricultural Injury Reports from News Media: A Five-Year Analysis of Website Usage and Visitor Analytics (Preprint). . 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Richard Burke; Matthew Pilz; Emily Redmond; Serap Gorucu; Bryan Weichelt. 2019. "Stakeholders’ Usage of a Publicly Available Collection of Agricultural Injury Reports from News Media: A Five-Year Analysis of Website Usage and Visitor Analytics (Preprint)." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 08 November 2019 in JMIR mHealth and uHealth
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Mobile health (mHealth) technology dissemination has penetrated rural and urban areas alike. Yet, health care organization oversight and clinician adoption have not kept pace with patient use. mHealth could have a unique impact on health and quality of life for rural populations. If organizations are prepared to manage mHealth, clinicians may improve the quality of care for their patients, both rural and urban. However, many organizations are not yet prepared to prescribe or prohibit third-party mHealth technologies. This study explored organizational readiness for rural mHealth adoption, the use of patient-reported data by clinical care teams, and potential impact on improving rural health care delivery. Semistructured, open-ended interviews were used to investigate clinicians' current practices, motivators, and perceived barriers to their use of mHealth technologies in rural settings. A total of 13 clinicians were interviewed, and 53.8% (7/13) reported encouraging use of mHealth apps or wearable devices with rural patients. Perceived barriers to adoption were categorized into three primary themes: (1) personal (clinician), (2) patient, and (3) organizational. Organizational was most prominent, with subcodes of time, uniformity, and policy or direction. Thematic analysis revealed code-category linkages that identify the complex nature of a rural health care organization's current climate from a clinician's perspective. A thematic map was developed to visualize the flow from category to code. Identified linkages guided the development of a refined rural mHealth readiness model. Clinicians (including physicians) have limited time for continuing education, research, or exploration of emerging technologies. Clinicians are motivated to learn more, but they need guidance through organization-led directives. Rural health care institutions should consider investing in mHealth analysis, tool development, and formal recommendations of sanctioned tools for clinicians to use with patients.

ACS Style

Bryan Weichelt; Casper Bendixsen; Timothy Patrick; Rolf Wynn; Leila Ranandeh; Anupam Bairagi. A Model for Assessing Necessary Conditions for Rural Health Care's Mobile Health Readiness: Qualitative Assessment of Clinician-Perceived Barriers. JMIR mHealth and uHealth 2019, 7, e11915 .

AMA Style

Bryan Weichelt, Casper Bendixsen, Timothy Patrick, Rolf Wynn, Leila Ranandeh, Anupam Bairagi. A Model for Assessing Necessary Conditions for Rural Health Care's Mobile Health Readiness: Qualitative Assessment of Clinician-Perceived Barriers. JMIR mHealth and uHealth. 2019; 7 (11):e11915.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bryan Weichelt; Casper Bendixsen; Timothy Patrick; Rolf Wynn; Leila Ranandeh; Anupam Bairagi. 2019. "A Model for Assessing Necessary Conditions for Rural Health Care's Mobile Health Readiness: Qualitative Assessment of Clinician-Perceived Barriers." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 7, no. 11: e11915.

Journal article
Published: 02 August 2019 in JMIR Formative Research
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Background Injury data and reports provide valuable information for both public and private organizations to guide programming, policy, and prevention, but in the increasingly complex and dangerous industry of US agriculture, the injury surveillance needed to produce this data is lacking. To address the gap, AgInjuryNews was established in 2015. The system includes fatal and nonfatal injury cases derived from publicly available reports, including occupational and nonoccupational injuries, occurring in the agricultural, forestry, and fishing (AFF) industry. Objective The study aimed to develop a stakeholder-engaged redesign of the interactive, up-to-date, and publicly available dataset of US AFF injury and fatality reports. Methods Instructor-led heuristic evaluations within a 15-student undergraduate course, data from 8 student participants of laboratory-based usability testing and 2016 and 2017 AgInjuryNews-registered user surveys, coupled with input from the National Steering Committee informed the development priorities for 2018. An interdisciplinary team employed an agile methodology of 2-week sprints developing in ASP.NET and Structured Query Language to deliver an intuitive frontend and a flexible, yet structured, backend, including a case report input form for capturing more than 50 data points on each injury report. Results AgInjuryNews produced 17,714 page views from 43 countries in 2018 captured via Google Analytics, whereas 623 injury reports were coded and loaded, totaling more than 31,000 data points. Newly designed features include customizable email alerts, an interactive map, and expanded search and filter options. User groups such as the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Agricultural Safety and Health Council of America have endorsed the system within their networks. News media have cited or referenced the system in national outlets such as the New York Times, Politico, and the Washington Post. Conclusions The new system’s features, functions, and improved data granularity have sparked innovative lines of research and increased collaborative interest domestically and abroad. It is anticipated that this nontraditional sentinel surveillance system and its dataset will continue to serve many purposes for public and private agricultural safety and health stakeholders in the years to come.

ACS Style

Bryan Weichelt; Tomi Heimonen; Serap Gorucu; Emily Redmond; Josef Vechinski; Kurt Pflughoeft; Casper Bendixsen; Marsha Salzwedel; Erika Scott; Kang Namkoong; Mark Purschwitz; Risto Rautiainen; Dennis J Murphy. Redesigning a Sentinel Surveillance System for Collecting and Disseminating Near Real-Time Agricultural Injury Reports: System Usability Study. JMIR Formative Research 2019, 3, e13621 .

AMA Style

Bryan Weichelt, Tomi Heimonen, Serap Gorucu, Emily Redmond, Josef Vechinski, Kurt Pflughoeft, Casper Bendixsen, Marsha Salzwedel, Erika Scott, Kang Namkoong, Mark Purschwitz, Risto Rautiainen, Dennis J Murphy. Redesigning a Sentinel Surveillance System for Collecting and Disseminating Near Real-Time Agricultural Injury Reports: System Usability Study. JMIR Formative Research. 2019; 3 (3):e13621.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bryan Weichelt; Tomi Heimonen; Serap Gorucu; Emily Redmond; Josef Vechinski; Kurt Pflughoeft; Casper Bendixsen; Marsha Salzwedel; Erika Scott; Kang Namkoong; Mark Purschwitz; Risto Rautiainen; Dennis J Murphy. 2019. "Redesigning a Sentinel Surveillance System for Collecting and Disseminating Near Real-Time Agricultural Injury Reports: System Usability Study." JMIR Formative Research 3, no. 3: e13621.

Review
Published: 12 July 2019
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BACKGROUND Injuries related to the operation of off-road vehicles (ORVs), including all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), continue to be a significant public health concern, especially in rural areas and agricultural production. In the United States alone, ATVs have played a role in thousands of fatalities and millions of injuries in recent decades. Yet, no known centralized federal surveillance system consistently captures these data. Traditional injury data sources include surveys, police reports, trauma registries, emergency department data, newspaper and on-line media reports, and state and federal agency databases. OBJECTIVE Like many other subsectors of injury prevention and injury epidemiology, there is lack of a comprehensive national injury surveillance system for ORV-related injuries, including those from agricultural use of the vehicle. The main purpose of this article is to review existing U.S. datasets for ORV-related injuries. METHODS We examined 137 manuscripts retrieved using PubMed queries in relation to their data source. Terms used in various combinations in MeSH and Key Word searches included: “off-road vehicles”, “fatalities”, “accidents”, “wounds”, “injuries”, “ATV”, “UTV”, and “mortality”. Our search yielded 137 results, and 70 were published between 2014 and 2018. From the 70, we selected the articles which used a database in their study (n=17). RESULTS Even sources that included a variety of vehicle and crash-related variables rarely indicated whether the vehicle was used for recreational or occupational purposes. Our review found that these data sources cannot provide a complete picture of the incidents or the circumstantial details needed to effectively inform ORV injury prevention efforts. This is particularly true with regards to ORV injuries related to production agriculture. CONCLUSIONS We encourage the establishment of a federally funded national agricultural injury surveillance system. However, in lieu of this, use of multiple data sources will be necessary to piece together a more complete picture of ORV and other agricultural injuries and fatalities. CLINICALTRIAL

ACS Style

Bryan Weichelt; Serap Gorucu; Charles Jennissen; Gerene Denning; Stephen Oesch. Assessing the Emergent Public Health Concern of All-Terrain Vehicle Injuries in Rural and Agricultural Environments: An Initial Review of Available National Datasets in the U.S. (Preprint). 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Bryan Weichelt, Serap Gorucu, Charles Jennissen, Gerene Denning, Stephen Oesch. Assessing the Emergent Public Health Concern of All-Terrain Vehicle Injuries in Rural and Agricultural Environments: An Initial Review of Available National Datasets in the U.S. (Preprint). . 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bryan Weichelt; Serap Gorucu; Charles Jennissen; Gerene Denning; Stephen Oesch. 2019. "Assessing the Emergent Public Health Concern of All-Terrain Vehicle Injuries in Rural and Agricultural Environments: An Initial Review of Available National Datasets in the U.S. (Preprint)." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 17 June 2019 in Safety
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Serious, restrictive, non-fatal injuries are commonplace in large animal agriculture including in pork and dairy production. Primary care clinicians often have few resources to facilitate workers’ return to work and have difficulties communicating work restrictions/limitations to workers and their employers. This project developed SafeReturnToWork.org, a web-based platform to aid physicians and farmers in farmworkers’ timely and safe return to work. This prototype characterizes the duties of dairy and pork workers, and facilitates the creation of applicable light duty job assemblies for farmers and farmworkers by physicians and other healthcare providers. Guided by interviews and focus groups with physicians, farmers, and farmworkers, the system was developed for use with workplace injuries that could eventually link to human resource department systems, an electronic health record, or expand to other industries beyond agriculture.

ACS Style

Bryan Weichelt; William Ray; Matthew Keifer. Development of an Occupational Health Safe Return to Work Prototype Application and Ergonomics Dataset for Agricultural Tasks. Safety 2019, 5, 40 .

AMA Style

Bryan Weichelt, William Ray, Matthew Keifer. Development of an Occupational Health Safe Return to Work Prototype Application and Ergonomics Dataset for Agricultural Tasks. Safety. 2019; 5 (2):40.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bryan Weichelt; William Ray; Matthew Keifer. 2019. "Development of an Occupational Health Safe Return to Work Prototype Application and Ergonomics Dataset for Agricultural Tasks." Safety 5, no. 2: 40.

Review
Published: 02 April 2019 in Journal of Agromedicine
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Agricultural employment is one of the most dangerous occupations in the United States. Workers' compensation coverage requirements for agricultural work vary from state to state, and experience modifier rates (E-mods) affecting insurance premiums sometimes vary drastically across state lines and according to claim severities and farm sizes. We proposed to develop an interactive software application that would educate farmers on the impact of employee time loss on annual E-mod factor change specific to their geographic location and farm size. We conducted a comparative analysis of workers' compensation formulations, including E-mods among Upper Midwestern states. We performed sensitivity analysis of the formulas to claim amount and payroll to highlight differences related to claim severity and to farm size. The state to state variation and remarkable complexity of these formulas was confirmed. E-Mod factors are shown to increase substantially across states with both claim size and payroll, though are found to be similar across Wisconsin and Minnesota which were examined in detail. The findings confirm that creating a nationally applicable interactive educational software tool for farmers and ranchers to view hypothetical rate changes by inputting on-farm injury scenarios represents a significant challenge and that educational outreach coupled with the use of commercial software, especially as less costly options become available, may serve the role of minimizing misunderstandings by current producers as may other informational sources.

ACS Style

Bryan Weichelt; Anita Alves Pena; Jeffrey Joyce; Matthew Keifer. Economic Evaluation and Systematic Review of Publicly Available Workers’ Compensation Practice Details and Mod Rate Calculators Applied to Upper Midwest Agriculture. Journal of Agromedicine 2019, 25, 38 -51.

AMA Style

Bryan Weichelt, Anita Alves Pena, Jeffrey Joyce, Matthew Keifer. Economic Evaluation and Systematic Review of Publicly Available Workers’ Compensation Practice Details and Mod Rate Calculators Applied to Upper Midwest Agriculture. Journal of Agromedicine. 2019; 25 (1):38-51.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bryan Weichelt; Anita Alves Pena; Jeffrey Joyce; Matthew Keifer. 2019. "Economic Evaluation and Systematic Review of Publicly Available Workers’ Compensation Practice Details and Mod Rate Calculators Applied to Upper Midwest Agriculture." Journal of Agromedicine 25, no. 1: 38-51.

Journal article
Published: 28 March 2019 in JMIR mHealth and uHealth
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Mobile augmented reality (MAR) apps offer potential support for emergency responders in rural areas. In this report, we described lessons learned from the development process of augmented reality (AR) Farm Mapping to Assist, Protect and Prepare Emergency Responders (MAPPER), a MAR app that provides emergency responders onsite information about the agricultural operation they enter. Cross-platform frameworks were used to create AR MAPPER to accommodate budget constraints and overcome issues with markerless MAR technologies. Although the single codebase and Web technologies streamlined development, cross-device hardware limitations impacted location accuracy, lengthened the development cycle, and required regular updates to third-party libraries. A hybrid development approach of using Web-based technologies with native tie-ins for specialized components and enhanced performance cut time and costs. This also led to consistency across multiple platforms and ensured that there is only a single set of source files to modify for Android and iPhone operating systems. Meanwhile, active development was delayed by some major hurdles. Apple and Google both released new versions of their operating systems, and the Wikitude framework issued four major updates, each of which brought with it some important enhancements and also led to some new issues. Developers should consider single platform native development to benefit from platform-specific MAR implementations and to avoid development, testing, and maintenance costs associated with cross-platform implementation. Emergency response organizations may be more likely to utilize a single platform across the devices used by their command staff. This also reduces the benefits of cross-platform development. Furthermore, providing map-based, non-AR cross-platform apps for landowners, farmers, and ranchers would help improve and maintain data quality, which is crucial for the utility and user experience of MAR apps.

ACS Style

Bryan Weichelt; Tomi Heimonen; Matthew Pilz; Aaron Yoder; Casper Bendixsen. An Argument Against Cross-Platform Development: Lessons From an Augmented Reality App Prototype for Rural Emergency Responders. JMIR mHealth and uHealth 2019, 7, e12207 .

AMA Style

Bryan Weichelt, Tomi Heimonen, Matthew Pilz, Aaron Yoder, Casper Bendixsen. An Argument Against Cross-Platform Development: Lessons From an Augmented Reality App Prototype for Rural Emergency Responders. JMIR mHealth and uHealth. 2019; 7 (3):e12207.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bryan Weichelt; Tomi Heimonen; Matthew Pilz; Aaron Yoder; Casper Bendixsen. 2019. "An Argument Against Cross-Platform Development: Lessons From an Augmented Reality App Prototype for Rural Emergency Responders." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 7, no. 3: e12207.

Review
Published: 27 March 2019 in Journal of Agromedicine
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Background: The hazardous nature of the agricultural environment, reflected in the numerous injuries and deaths to children who live, work and play on farms, coupled with the lack of a comprehensive national surveillance system in the United States, highlights the need for making the best use of publicly available youth agricultural injury data. Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe a 3-year collection of youth agricultural injuries using the publicly available injury and fatality data from AgInjuryNews.org and present recommendations for future injury prevention strategies. Methods: Data were obtained from AgInjuryNews.org, a web-based collection of U.S. news reports of agricultural injuries. We analyzed cases from 2015 to 2017 for youth aged 0-17. We classified injuries as occupational and non-occupational related, based on the Farm and Agricultural Injury Classification (FAIC) code. Each case was also coded for source and event using the Occupational Injury and Illness Classification System (OIICS). Results: Of the 348 injury reports reviewed, 51% were fatal, and about one-third of the victims were 6 years old or younger. Most injuries were non-occupational, and the most frequent injury sources were vehicles (includes tractors and all-terrain vehicles) and machinery. Youth operators, extra riders, roadway operations, and unsupervised youth playing near or in a worksite were four key contributing factors associated with vehicle and machinery related injuries. Conclusions: This study reaffirms that youth agricultural-related injuries and fatalities are still a persistent problem in the United States. The hypothesis generating AgInjuryNews system can provide more current data than traditional surveillance datasets as a tool for understanding the sources of youth agricultural injuries, monitoring injury trends, and informing policy efforts and prevention strategies. Future studies should continue to explore and evaluate the comprehensiveness of this system's data and the impact of its dissemination, as well as similar rural health informatics solutions for integration into sustainable interventions that can be customized and delivered domestically and abroad.

ACS Style

Bryan Weichelt; Serap Gorucu; Dennis Murphy; Anita Alves Pena; Marsha Salzwedel; Barbara C. Lee. Agricultural Youth Injuries: A Review of 2015-2017 Cases from U.S. News Media Reports. Journal of Agromedicine 2019, 24, 298 -308.

AMA Style

Bryan Weichelt, Serap Gorucu, Dennis Murphy, Anita Alves Pena, Marsha Salzwedel, Barbara C. Lee. Agricultural Youth Injuries: A Review of 2015-2017 Cases from U.S. News Media Reports. Journal of Agromedicine. 2019; 24 (3):298-308.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bryan Weichelt; Serap Gorucu; Dennis Murphy; Anita Alves Pena; Marsha Salzwedel; Barbara C. Lee. 2019. "Agricultural Youth Injuries: A Review of 2015-2017 Cases from U.S. News Media Reports." Journal of Agromedicine 24, no. 3: 298-308.

Preprint content
Published: 14 February 2019
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BACKGROUND Injury data and reports provide valuable information for both public and private organizations to guide programming, policy, and prevention, but in the increasingly complex and dangerous industry of US agriculture, the injury surveillance needed to produce this data is lacking. To address the gap, AgInjuryNews was established in 2015. The system includes fatal and nonfatal injury cases derived from publicly available reports, including occupational and nonoccupational injuries, occurring in the agricultural, forestry, and fishing (AFF) industry. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to develop a stakeholder-engaged redesign of the interactive, up-to-date, and publicly available dataset of US AFF injury and fatality reports. METHODS Instructor-led heuristic evaluations within a 15-student undergraduate course, data from 8 student participants of laboratory-based usability testing and 2016 and 2017 AgInjuryNews-registered user surveys, coupled with input from the National Steering Committee informed the development priorities for 2018. An interdisciplinary team employed an agile methodology of 2-week sprints developing in ASP.NET and Structured Query Language to deliver an intuitive frontend and a flexible, yet structured, backend, including a case report input form for capturing more than 50 data points on each injury report. RESULTS AgInjuryNews produced 17,714 page views from 43 countries in 2018 captured via Google Analytics, whereas 623 injury reports were coded and loaded, totaling more than 31,000 data points. Newly designed features include customizable email alerts, an interactive map, and expanded search and filter options. User groups such as the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Agricultural Safety and Health Council of America have endorsed the system within their networks. News media have cited or referenced the system in national outlets such as the New York Times, Politico, and the Washington Post. CONCLUSIONS The new system’s features, functions, and improved data granularity have sparked innovative lines of research and increased collaborative interest domestically and abroad. It is anticipated that this nontraditional sentinel surveillance system and its dataset will continue to serve many purposes for public and private agricultural safety and health stakeholders in the years to come.

ACS Style

Bryan Weichelt; Tomi Heimonen; Serap Gorucu; Emily Redmond; Josef Vechinski; Kurt Pflughoeft; Casper Bendixsen; Marsha Salzwedel; Erika Scott; Kang Namkoong; Mark Purschwitz; Risto Rautiainen; Dennis J Murphy. Redesigning a Sentinel Surveillance System for Collecting and Disseminating Near Real-Time Agricultural Injury Reports: System Usability Study (Preprint). 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Bryan Weichelt, Tomi Heimonen, Serap Gorucu, Emily Redmond, Josef Vechinski, Kurt Pflughoeft, Casper Bendixsen, Marsha Salzwedel, Erika Scott, Kang Namkoong, Mark Purschwitz, Risto Rautiainen, Dennis J Murphy. Redesigning a Sentinel Surveillance System for Collecting and Disseminating Near Real-Time Agricultural Injury Reports: System Usability Study (Preprint). . 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bryan Weichelt; Tomi Heimonen; Serap Gorucu; Emily Redmond; Josef Vechinski; Kurt Pflughoeft; Casper Bendixsen; Marsha Salzwedel; Erika Scott; Kang Namkoong; Mark Purschwitz; Risto Rautiainen; Dennis J Murphy. 2019. "Redesigning a Sentinel Surveillance System for Collecting and Disseminating Near Real-Time Agricultural Injury Reports: System Usability Study (Preprint)." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 29 January 2019 in Journal of Medical Internet Research
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Journal of Medical Internet Research - International Scientific Journal for Medical Research, Information and Communication on the Internet #Preprint #PeerReviewMe: Warning: This is a unreviewed preprint. Readers are warned that the document has not been peer-reviewed by expert/patient reviewers or an academic editor, may contain misleading claims, and is likely to undergo changes before final publication, if accepted, or may have been rejected/withdrawn. Readers with interest and expertise are encouraged to sign up as peer-reviewer, if the paper is within an open peer-review period. Please cite this preprint only for review purposes or for grant applications and CVs (if you are the author). Background: The cost of workplace injuries and illnesses impacts significantly on overall healthcare costs and is a significant annual economic burden in the United States. Within the dangerous occupational sector of Agricultural, Fishing, and Forestry, injury surveillance is limited and the annual economic burden of injuries not well known. Many farm owners in the Upper Midwest have expanded operations and taken on the role of manager and employer; yet they receive little training in injury prevention, farm safety, or workers’ compensation programs and processes. Clinicians play a key role in return to work of injured and ill farmers and farm workers, though little to no formal training is offered in medical school. Objective: This project aimed to develop a prototype application designed to assist clinicians in returning to injured workers to light-duty job assignments with their current employer. Methods: Semi-structured interviews with farmers and farm workers from the Upper Midwest, coupled with English- and Spanish-speaking farm worker focus groups advised the development team from conception through an iterative design and development project. Results: A total of 35 farm workers participated in five focus groups comprising three Spanish-speaking and two English-speaking groups. The initial interviews and worker focus groups guided an iterative design and development cycle. Guidance impacted everything from workflows and button placement to output sheets that offer specific light-duty farm work recommendations for the injured worker to discuss with his/her employer. Additionally, eight farmers were interviewed in the final year of the 5-year project to further explore barriers of adoption regarding the use of mHealth (mobile health). Conclusions: Development of a complex prototype intended to impact patient care is a significant undertaking. Reinventing a paper-based process to eventually integrate with an electronic health record or a private company’s human resource system requires substantial stakeholder input from each facet including patients, employers, and clinical care teams. The prototype is available for testing, and further research is needed in the form of clinical trials to assess effectiveness of the process and the software’s impact in return-to-work of injured and ill workers. Farmers are increasingly adopting new technology from smartphone apps to autonomous, self-driving equipment capable of capturing enormous amounts of operational data. There is significant financial incentive to return injured workers to a light duty job, limiting work time loss. It is unlikely that clinicians would face barriers amongst farmers in adopting return-to-work technology. However, there is little incentive for clinicians to adopt the technology. Without seamless integration into the clinical electronic health record workflow, it is unlikely that individual physicians would consistently leverage such a system at the point-of-care. Clinical Trial: Not a clinical trial; not applicable.

ACS Style

Bryan Weichelt; Casper Bendixsen; Matthew Keifer; Rebecca Kanter; Ivan Neil Gomez; Richard Pankomera; Serap Gorucu. Farm Owners and Workers as Key Informants in User-Centered Occupational Health Prototype Development: A Stakeholder-Engaged Project. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2019, 21, e9711 .

AMA Style

Bryan Weichelt, Casper Bendixsen, Matthew Keifer, Rebecca Kanter, Ivan Neil Gomez, Richard Pankomera, Serap Gorucu. Farm Owners and Workers as Key Informants in User-Centered Occupational Health Prototype Development: A Stakeholder-Engaged Project. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2019; 21 (1):e9711.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bryan Weichelt; Casper Bendixsen; Matthew Keifer; Rebecca Kanter; Ivan Neil Gomez; Richard Pankomera; Serap Gorucu. 2019. "Farm Owners and Workers as Key Informants in User-Centered Occupational Health Prototype Development: A Stakeholder-Engaged Project." Journal of Medical Internet Research 21, no. 1: e9711.