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For community-living older people, the ability to estimate total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) with validated predictive equations based on anthropometry is limited. To our knowledge no studies exist for non-Caucasian populations To design and validate an anthropometry-based equation to estimate TDEE using doubly-labelled water (DLW) as the criterion measure, and to assess the performance of three other published equations in community-living older people from rural and urban areas of Brazil, Chile, Guatemala, Senegal, Cuba, and Mexico This cross-sectional study measured anthropometry and TDEE using DLW in 69 men and 43 women aged 60–89 years. TDEE was also estimated with an anthropometry-based equation derived from the sub-sample of Mexico (n = 38) and with three other published equations. Predictive accuracy of the equations was tested by an external validation procedure TDEE by DLW in the six country sample was 2411 ± 41 kcal/day (mean ± SE) in men and 1939 ± 51 kcal/day in women. The best new Mexican equation was TDEE, kcal/d = [223.4 + (27.9 × weight, kg) + (239.7 × sex)]; where sex: Man = 1 and Woman = 0; having high precision; R2 = 0.89, lowest RMSE = 149.2, and Cp value of 2.0. This new Mexican equation estimated TDEE accurately in the five country sample and at country level after correction for Guatemalan older men, while the published equations performed poorly The Mexican equation performed better that other published equations and is recommended to accurately estimate energy requirements for community-living older people in five Latin American and one African country.
Heliodoro Alemán-Mateo; Lesley Evelyn Antúnez-Roman; Julián Esparza-Romero; Mauro E. Valencia; Julissa J. Salguero; Manuel Ramirez-Zea; Eduardo Ferriolli; Rose N. Ndour; Manuel Hernández-Triana; Gabriela Salazar; Elaine C. Rush. A new doubly labelled water anthropometry-based equation for prediction of total daily energy expenditure in older people from low- and middle-income countries. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2021, 1 -9.
AMA StyleHeliodoro Alemán-Mateo, Lesley Evelyn Antúnez-Roman, Julián Esparza-Romero, Mauro E. Valencia, Julissa J. Salguero, Manuel Ramirez-Zea, Eduardo Ferriolli, Rose N. Ndour, Manuel Hernández-Triana, Gabriela Salazar, Elaine C. Rush. A new doubly labelled water anthropometry-based equation for prediction of total daily energy expenditure in older people from low- and middle-income countries. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2021; ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeliodoro Alemán-Mateo; Lesley Evelyn Antúnez-Roman; Julián Esparza-Romero; Mauro E. Valencia; Julissa J. Salguero; Manuel Ramirez-Zea; Eduardo Ferriolli; Rose N. Ndour; Manuel Hernández-Triana; Gabriela Salazar; Elaine C. Rush. 2021. "A new doubly labelled water anthropometry-based equation for prediction of total daily energy expenditure in older people from low- and middle-income countries." European Journal of Clinical Nutrition , no. : 1-9.
Characteristics of food that influence liking and ease-of-chewing and swallowing are not well-understood. Reformulation of bread to improve nutrient density may improve liking, ease-of-chewing and swallowing which could improve dietary intake particularly with aging. The study aimed to compare objectively and subjectively four breads of increasing nutrient density: $1 white (WB) and wheatmeal (WMB) commercial breads and two in-house formulations of vegetable-enriched breads (VB75 or VB100) which incorporated drum-dried pumpkin and sweet corn flours for physical, sensory and ease-of-chewing and swallowing properties. Each bread underwent instrumental texture analysis. The commercial and vegetable-enriched breads were not different by hardness or springiness but the vegetable breads were up to 25% less cohesive, less gummy and less chewy than the commercial breads. Questionnaires and Likert scale (150 mm) responses were completed by 50 physically active volunteers aged 50+ years. Overall liking of the VB75 and VB100 was rated 40% higher than the white and wheatmeal breads. Vegetable-enriched breads were rated as almost 50% easier to chew (mean ± SD; WB 70.53 ± 39.46 mm, WMB 77.68 ± 33.13 mm, VB75 104.78 ± 30.69 mm, VB100 107.58 ± 24.90 mm) and swallow (WB 70.29 ± 37.98 mm, WMB 77.53 ± 34.88 mm, VB75 104.63 ± 28.25 mm, VB100 104.90 ± 25.54 mm). Vegetable-enriched breads compared to white and wheatmeal breads were instrumentally and subjectively less gummy, cohesive and chewy than commercial breads and have the potential to both improve nutrition and “ease of swallowing” in older people. New areas of research should explore other underutilized vegetables for bread enrichment and their ability to aid swallowing and improve nutrition status.
Isaac Amoah; Carolyn Cairncross; Elaine Rush. Swallowing and Liking of Vegetable-Enriched Bread Compared With Commercial Breads as Evaluated by Older Adults. Frontiers in Nutrition 2021, 7, 1 .
AMA StyleIsaac Amoah, Carolyn Cairncross, Elaine Rush. Swallowing and Liking of Vegetable-Enriched Bread Compared With Commercial Breads as Evaluated by Older Adults. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2021; 7 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsaac Amoah; Carolyn Cairncross; Elaine Rush. 2021. "Swallowing and Liking of Vegetable-Enriched Bread Compared With Commercial Breads as Evaluated by Older Adults." Frontiers in Nutrition 7, no. : 1.
Hidden hunger is widespread in India. Individual dietary diversity score (IDDS) is a measure of the nutrient adequacy of the diet. The FAO has set guidelines for the measurement of dietary diversity: the IDDS and the minimum dietary diversity score for women (MDD-W) to assess nutritional deficiency, but validation against nutritional biomarkers is required. Using available data among rural youth (17 years) from the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study, the validity of DDS was assessed to measure deficiencies of vitamin B12, folate and Hb. Of the 355 boys and 305 girls, 19 % were classified as underweight, 57 % as vitamin B12 deficient (<150 pmol/l) and 22 % as anaemic (<120/130 g/l). Cereals, legumes and ‘other-vegetables’ were the most frequently consumed foods. More boys than girls consumed milk, flesh, eggs and micronutrient-dense foods. Median IDDS of 4 (interquartile range (IQR) 3–4) and MDD-W of 6 (IQR 5–7) were low. Youth with vitamin B12 deficiency had a higher likelihood of an IDDS ≤ 4 (1·89; 95 % CI 1·24, 2·87) or an MDD-W ≤ 5 (1·40; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·94). Youth with anaemia were more likely to have an IDDS ≤ 4 (1·76; 95 % CI 1·01, 3·14) adjusted for socio-economic scores, BMI, energy intake and sex. Folate deficiency was low (3 %) and was not associated with either score. Youth with lowest plasma vitamin B12 and Hb infrequently or never consumed dairy products/non-vegetarian foods. These rural Indian youth were underweight, had low DDS and consumed foods low in good-quality proteins and micronutrients. Associations of DDS with circulating micronutrients indicate that DDS is a valid measure to predict vitamin B12 deficiency and anaemia.
A. V. Ganpule-Rao; D. Bhat; C. S. Yajnik; E. Rush. Dietary diversity scores, nutrient intakes and biomarkers vitamin B12, folate and Hb in rural youth from the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study. British Journal of Nutrition 2020, 126, 236 -243.
AMA StyleA. V. Ganpule-Rao, D. Bhat, C. S. Yajnik, E. Rush. Dietary diversity scores, nutrient intakes and biomarkers vitamin B12, folate and Hb in rural youth from the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study. British Journal of Nutrition. 2020; 126 (2):236-243.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. V. Ganpule-Rao; D. Bhat; C. S. Yajnik; E. Rush. 2020. "Dietary diversity scores, nutrient intakes and biomarkers vitamin B12, folate and Hb in rural youth from the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study." British Journal of Nutrition 126, no. 2: 236-243.
The industrial and small-scale processing of plant-based food materials is associated with by-products that may have a negative impact on the environment but could add value to bread-based products. The bioactivity of plant-based food by-products, their impact on the properties of functional bread, and their bioavailability/bioaccessibility leading to potential health effects when consumed was reviewed. Plant-based food by-products which may be added to bread include rice bran, wheat bran, corn bran, grape pomace/seed extract, tomato seed/skin, and artichoke stems/leaves. These by-products contain high concentrations of bioactive compounds, including phenolics, bioactive peptides, and arabinoxylan. Pre-treatment procedures, including fermentation and thermal processing, impact the properties of plant-based by-products. In most cases, bread formulated with flour from plant-based by-products demonstrated increased fibre and bioactive compound contents. In terms of the sensory and nutritional acceptability of bread, formulations with an average of 5% flour from plant-based by-products produced bread with acceptable sensory properties. Bread enriched with plant-based by-products demonstrated enhanced bioavailability and bioaccessibility and favourable bioactive properties in human blood, although long-term studies are warranted. There is a need to investigate the bioactive properties of other underutilised plant-based by-products and their potential application in bread as a sustainable approach towards improving food and nutrition security.
Isaac Amoah; Noamane Taarji; Paa-Nii Johnson; Jonathan Barrett; Carolyn Cairncross; Elaine Rush. Plant-Based Food By-Products: Prospects for Valorisation in Functional Bread Development. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7785 .
AMA StyleIsaac Amoah, Noamane Taarji, Paa-Nii Johnson, Jonathan Barrett, Carolyn Cairncross, Elaine Rush. Plant-Based Food By-Products: Prospects for Valorisation in Functional Bread Development. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (18):7785.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsaac Amoah; Noamane Taarji; Paa-Nii Johnson; Jonathan Barrett; Carolyn Cairncross; Elaine Rush. 2020. "Plant-Based Food By-Products: Prospects for Valorisation in Functional Bread Development." Sustainability 12, no. 18: 7785.
Amber (yellow), Laird’s Large (red) and Mulligan (purple–red) cultivars of New Zealand tamarillo fruit were separated into pulp (endo- and mesocarp) and peel (exocarp), and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for carotenoids, α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid contents. Fresh Mulligan pulp had the highest content of β-carotene (0.9 mg/100 g), α-tocopherol (1.9 mg/100 g), and ascorbic acid (28 mg/100 g). Higher concentrations of β-carotene and ascorbic acid, and lower concentrations of α-tocopherol were detected in pulps compared with peels. Compared with standard serves of other fruit, tamarillo had the highest β-carotene (9–20% RDI (recommended dietary intake)/serve), high ascorbic acid (67–75% RDI/serve), and α-tocopherol (16–23% adequate intake/serve). All cultivars had diverse carotenoid profiles dominated by provitamin A carotenoids (β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin) and xanthophyll carotenoids (lutein; zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin). Favorable growth conditions (high light intensity and low temperature) may explain the higher antioxidant vitamin content in New Zealand tamarillos compared to those from other countries. Tamarillo peels may be used as natural food coloring agent to reduce waste and deliver sustainable production.
Tung Thanh Diep; Chris Pook; Elaine C. Rush; Michelle Ji Yeon Yoo. Quantification of Carotenoids, α-Tocopherol, and Ascorbic Acid in Amber, Mulligan, and Laird’s Large Cultivars of New Zealand Tamarillos (Solanum betaceum Cav.). Foods 2020, 9, 769 .
AMA StyleTung Thanh Diep, Chris Pook, Elaine C. Rush, Michelle Ji Yeon Yoo. Quantification of Carotenoids, α-Tocopherol, and Ascorbic Acid in Amber, Mulligan, and Laird’s Large Cultivars of New Zealand Tamarillos (Solanum betaceum Cav.). Foods. 2020; 9 (6):769.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTung Thanh Diep; Chris Pook; Elaine C. Rush; Michelle Ji Yeon Yoo. 2020. "Quantification of Carotenoids, α-Tocopherol, and Ascorbic Acid in Amber, Mulligan, and Laird’s Large Cultivars of New Zealand Tamarillos (Solanum betaceum Cav.)." Foods 9, no. 6: 769.
Measurement of body composition is increasingly important in research and clinical settings but is difficult in very young children. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and air displacement plethysmography (ADP) are well-established but require specialist equipment so are not always feasible. Our aim was to determine if anthropometry and skinfold thickness measurements can be used as a substitute for BIA or ADP for assessing body composition in very young New Zealand children. We used three multi-ethnic cohorts: 217 children at a mean age of 24·2 months with skinfold and BIA measurements; seventy-nine infants at a mean age of 20·9 weeks and seventy-three infants at a mean age of 16·2 weeks, both with skinfold and ADP measurements. We used Bland–Altman plots to compare fat and fat-free mass calculated using all potentially relevant equations with measurements using BIA or ADP. We also calculated the proportion of children in the same tertile for measured fat or fat-free mass and tertiles (i) calculated using each equation, (ii) each absolute skinfold, and (iii) sum of skinfold thicknesses. We found that even for the best equation for each cohort, the 95 % limits of agreement with standard measures were wide (25–200 % of the mean) and the proportion of children whose standard measures fell in the same tertile as the skinfold estimates was ≤69 %. We conclude that none of the available published skinfold thickness equations provides good prediction of body composition in multi-ethnic cohorts of very young New Zealand children with different birth history and growth patterns.
Sharin Asadi; Frank H. Bloomfield; Tanith Alexander; Chris J. D. McKinlay; Elaine C. Rush; Jane E. Harding; for the hPOD, HUMBA and DIAMOND study teams. Utility of published skinfold thickness equations for prediction of body composition in very young New Zealand children. British Journal of Nutrition 2020, 124, 349 -360.
AMA StyleSharin Asadi, Frank H. Bloomfield, Tanith Alexander, Chris J. D. McKinlay, Elaine C. Rush, Jane E. Harding, for the hPOD, HUMBA and DIAMOND study teams. Utility of published skinfold thickness equations for prediction of body composition in very young New Zealand children. British Journal of Nutrition. 2020; 124 (3):349-360.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSharin Asadi; Frank H. Bloomfield; Tanith Alexander; Chris J. D. McKinlay; Elaine C. Rush; Jane E. Harding; for the hPOD, HUMBA and DIAMOND study teams. 2020. "Utility of published skinfold thickness equations for prediction of body composition in very young New Zealand children." British Journal of Nutrition 124, no. 3: 349-360.
Background/objectivesIt has not been reported that previously how much food New Zealand (NZ), population 4.9 million (M), exports and imports in terms of how many people this food would feed if the food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) were followed. In New Zealand, 40% of adults and 20% of children live in a household with severe to moderate food insecurity.MethodsOfficial data for foods and beverages exported and imported between 2016 and 2018 was obtained from Statistics New Zealand. Harmonised food classifications were matched to either a food group or as discretionary foods or ingredients. Standard serving sizes in grams and number of servings/day from each food group viz; vegetables, 5 servings/day; fruit, 2 servings/day; grains 6 servings/day; meat and protein foods 2.5 servings/day: and dairy 2.5 servings/day were used to determine how many people would be fed each year with the food traded. Together these servings should meet a daily energy intake in the order of 8 MJ. The trade of discretionary foods and ingredients, alcoholic beverages, butter and sugar was also examined.ResultsAccording to the guidelines the quantity of food exported each year by NZ had enough numbers of servings to feed 39 M dairy, 11.5 M meat, seafood and other protein, 2 M vegetables and 10 M fruit day/year. Imports were dominated by grains, enough to feed 9 M six servings a day/year. Total food energy exported and imported was enough to meet the energy requirements for 20 M (30% from butter) and 10 M (27% from sugar), respectively.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of food insecurity and obesity in NZ could be partially attributed to the disconnect between the quantity, nutritional quality and diversity of foods imported and exported.
Elaine Rush; Vladimir Obolonkin. Food exports and imports of New Zealand in relation to the food-based dietary guidelines. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2020, 74, 307 -313.
AMA StyleElaine Rush, Vladimir Obolonkin. Food exports and imports of New Zealand in relation to the food-based dietary guidelines. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2020; 74 (2):307-313.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElaine Rush; Vladimir Obolonkin. 2020. "Food exports and imports of New Zealand in relation to the food-based dietary guidelines." European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 74, no. 2: 307-313.
Carotenoids, orange-coloured pigments found in vegetables, fruit, eggs and dairy foods, act as antioxidants and vitamin A precursors in the human body. Skin carotenoid concentration is a biomarker of vegetable and fruit intake. The aim was to identify determinants of skin carotenoid concentration by measuring “Veggie Meter™” carotenoid reflection spectroscopy scores (CRS) from the fingertip of adults with a range of ages, ethnicity and body size. Frequencies of daily intake of vegetables and fruit and weekly intake of pumpkin and carrot, dark green leafy vegetables (DGLV), eggs (yolk), and dairy were determined from a self-completed food-frequency-questionnaire. A total of 571 (324 Women, 247 Men) adults, aged 16 to 85 years, completed measurements. The CRS ranged from 83 to 769, with a median of 327. Women and men did not score differently. For all participants there were negative correlations of CRS with weight (r = −0.312) and BMI (r = −0.338) and positive correlations with weekly intakes of DGLV (r = 0.242) and carrots and pumpkin (r = 0.202). Based on a review of health outcomes associated with plasma carotenoids, 82% of the participants in the current study are at moderate risk, or more, of negative health outcomes. Determinants of carotenoid status were body size, intake of DGLV, carrots and pumpkin, and ethnicity.
Elaine Rush; Isaac Amoah; Tung Diep; Shabnam Jalili-Moghaddam. Determinants and Suitability of Carotenoid Reflection Score as a Measure of Carotenoid Status. Nutrients 2020, 12, 113 .
AMA StyleElaine Rush, Isaac Amoah, Tung Diep, Shabnam Jalili-Moghaddam. Determinants and Suitability of Carotenoid Reflection Score as a Measure of Carotenoid Status. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (1):113.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElaine Rush; Isaac Amoah; Tung Diep; Shabnam Jalili-Moghaddam. 2020. "Determinants and Suitability of Carotenoid Reflection Score as a Measure of Carotenoid Status." Nutrients 12, no. 1: 113.
A sustainable food supply is an ever-growing public and planetary health concern influenced by food culture, food practices, and dietary patterns. Globally, the consumption of plant foods that offer physiological and biochemical benefits is increasing. In recent years, products made from yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) tubers and leaves, e.g., in the form of syrup, powder, and herbal tea, have steadily emerged with scientific evidence to validate their possible health claims. Yacon was introduced to New Zealand in 1966, and its products can now be produced on a commercial scale. This paper reviews literature published mainly in the last 10 years concerning the health-related properties of yacon as a wholesome foodstuff and its bioactive components, e.g., fructooligosaccharides. Literature was sourced from Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCO Health, and Google Scholar up to June 2019. The potential markets for yacon in the field of food technology and new dietotherapy applications are discussed. Furthermore, the unique features of New Zealand-produced yacon syrup are introduced as a case study. The paper explores the scientific foundation in response to the growing public interest in why and how to use yacon.
Mary R. Yan; Robert Welch; Elaine C. Rush; Xuesong Xiang; Xin Wang. A Sustainable Wholesome Foodstuff; Health Effects and Potential Dietotherapy Applications of Yacon. Nutrients 2019, 11, 2632 .
AMA StyleMary R. Yan, Robert Welch, Elaine C. Rush, Xuesong Xiang, Xin Wang. A Sustainable Wholesome Foodstuff; Health Effects and Potential Dietotherapy Applications of Yacon. Nutrients. 2019; 11 (11):2632.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMary R. Yan; Robert Welch; Elaine C. Rush; Xuesong Xiang; Xin Wang. 2019. "A Sustainable Wholesome Foodstuff; Health Effects and Potential Dietotherapy Applications of Yacon." Nutrients 11, no. 11: 2632.
The research aim was to investigate associations between objectively-assessed built environment attributes and metabolic risk in adolescents of Pacific Islands ethnicity, and to consider the possible mediating effect of physical activity and sedentary time. Youth (n = 204) undertook a suite of physical assessments including body composition, blood sampling, and blood pressure measurements, and seven day accelerometry. Objective measures of the neighbourhood built environment were generated around individual addresses. Logistic regression and linear modelling were used to assess associations between environment measures and metabolic health, accounting for physical activity behaviours. Higher pedestrian connectivity was associated with an increase in the chance of having any International Diabetes Federation metabolic risk factors for males only. Pedestrian connectivity was related to fat free mass in males in unadjusted analyses only. This study provides evidence for the importance of pedestrian network connectivity for health in adolescent males. Future research is required to expand the limited evidence in neighbourhood environments and adolescent metabolic health.
Melody Smith; Vlad Obolonkin; Lindsay Plank; Leon Iusitini; Euan Forsyth; Tom Stewart; Janis Paterson; El-Shadan Tautolo; Fa’Asisila Savila; Elaine Rush. The Importance of Pedestrian Network Connectivity for Adolescent Health: A Cross-sectional Examination of Associations between Neighbourhood Built Environments and Metabolic Health in the Pacific Islands Families Birth Cohort Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 3375 .
AMA StyleMelody Smith, Vlad Obolonkin, Lindsay Plank, Leon Iusitini, Euan Forsyth, Tom Stewart, Janis Paterson, El-Shadan Tautolo, Fa’Asisila Savila, Elaine Rush. The Importance of Pedestrian Network Connectivity for Adolescent Health: A Cross-sectional Examination of Associations between Neighbourhood Built Environments and Metabolic Health in the Pacific Islands Families Birth Cohort Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (18):3375.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMelody Smith; Vlad Obolonkin; Lindsay Plank; Leon Iusitini; Euan Forsyth; Tom Stewart; Janis Paterson; El-Shadan Tautolo; Fa’Asisila Savila; Elaine Rush. 2019. "The Importance of Pedestrian Network Connectivity for Adolescent Health: A Cross-sectional Examination of Associations between Neighbourhood Built Environments and Metabolic Health in the Pacific Islands Families Birth Cohort Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 18: 3375.
Background The relationships between the trajectories of weight gain from early childhood to adolescence and risk for metabolic disease are not well understood. Objective The objective of the study is to examine the relationships between weight gain from 2 to 14 years and metabolic risk factors at age 14 years in Pacific Island children. Methods z scores for weight were calculated at each of the ages 2.5, 4, 6, 9, 11, and 13.5 years in 1053 children. Growth trajectories were determined by estimating the linear trend of z scores with age for each child. In a subgroup of 204 children, biomarkers of metabolic risk were measured and related to linear trend intercepts and slopes. Results More rapid growth (greater slope of z score trajectory) was associated with higher concentrations of insulin, leptin (boys), urate, and markers of liver function, insulin resistance and inflammation. Children with higher weights in early life (greater intercept) showed fewer associations with metabolic markers, but considered together, intercept and slope were independently associated with a range of metabolic risk factors. Conclusions Both rapid weight gain and a higher body weight in early childhood were associated with higher risk for metabolic disease. Monitoring growth trajectories may help target interventions to optimize nutrition, physical activity, and growth.
Lindsay D. Plank; Vladimir Obolonkin; Melody B. Smith; Fa'asisila Savila; Shabnam Jalili‐Moghaddam; El-Shadan Tautolo; Elaine C. Rush. Pacific Islands Families Study: Physical growth to age 14 and metabolic risk. Pediatric Obesity 2019, 14, e12497 .
AMA StyleLindsay D. Plank, Vladimir Obolonkin, Melody B. Smith, Fa'asisila Savila, Shabnam Jalili‐Moghaddam, El-Shadan Tautolo, Elaine C. Rush. Pacific Islands Families Study: Physical growth to age 14 and metabolic risk. Pediatric Obesity. 2019; 14 (5):e12497.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLindsay D. Plank; Vladimir Obolonkin; Melody B. Smith; Fa'asisila Savila; Shabnam Jalili‐Moghaddam; El-Shadan Tautolo; Elaine C. Rush. 2019. "Pacific Islands Families Study: Physical growth to age 14 and metabolic risk." Pediatric Obesity 14, no. 5: e12497.
We know that eating a variety of vegetables every day is associated with favorable health across the lifecourse. Internationally, food-based dietary guidelines encourage the consumption of a variety of vegetables and fruit but globally,people are not eating enough vegetables to meet the three-or-more-a-day guideline. Vegetables are good sources of vitamins and minerals, fiber, and many bioactive compounds that promote health and provide energy. They also help reduce hidden hunger (micronutrient deficiencies) and support the healthy growth and development of children. New Zealand is a world leader in the production of diverse nutrients and foods yet poverty and other environmental barriers mean only one in two children eats three-or-more servings of vegetables a day. Price and availability are limiting factors. The proliferation of community, school and home vegetable gardens and vegetable cooperatives may improve access. On a macro level, upstream policies such as a “living wage,” affordable housing, and land-use planning are required. International dietary solutions include an agricultural shift to intensified horticulture with a focus on vegetables. The consumption of more plant-based foods including vegetables would reduce green-house gases, reduce land clearing, and help prevent diet-related disease if consumed daily across the lifecourse.
Elaine Rush; Fa'asisila Savila; Shabnam Jalili-Moghaddam; Isaac Amoah. Vegetables: New Zealand Children Are Not Eating Enough. Frontiers in Nutrition 2019, 5, 1 .
AMA StyleElaine Rush, Fa'asisila Savila, Shabnam Jalili-Moghaddam, Isaac Amoah. Vegetables: New Zealand Children Are Not Eating Enough. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2019; 5 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElaine Rush; Fa'asisila Savila; Shabnam Jalili-Moghaddam; Isaac Amoah. 2019. "Vegetables: New Zealand Children Are Not Eating Enough." Frontiers in Nutrition 5, no. : 1.
Background: Worldwide there is an increase in the consumption of snack foods and this is a keybusiness driver for the food industry
M. Yan; E. Rush; S. Shaikh. Potential Markets for Snacks: A Role for New Zealand Snack Products. Proceedings 2019, 8, 46 .
AMA StyleM. Yan, E. Rush, S. Shaikh. Potential Markets for Snacks: A Role for New Zealand Snack Products. Proceedings. 2019; 8 (1):46.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Yan; E. Rush; S. Shaikh. 2019. "Potential Markets for Snacks: A Role for New Zealand Snack Products." Proceedings 8, no. 1: 46.
As well as obtaining nourishment from bread, consumer acceptability is dependent on the appearance, texture, aroma, taste and swallowablity.
Isaac Amoah; Carolyn Cairncross; Elaine Rush. Beyond Nutrition: From Conceptualization to Development—A Case Study of a Bread. Proceedings 2019, 37, 12 .
AMA StyleIsaac Amoah, Carolyn Cairncross, Elaine Rush. Beyond Nutrition: From Conceptualization to Development—A Case Study of a Bread. Proceedings. 2019; 37 (1):12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsaac Amoah; Carolyn Cairncross; Elaine Rush. 2019. "Beyond Nutrition: From Conceptualization to Development—A Case Study of a Bread." Proceedings 37, no. 1: 12.
Louise Weiwei Lu; Elaine Rush; Bernard Venn. Effect of rice cooking methods on postprandial glycaemic response, satiety and palatability, and chewed particle size distribution. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice 2019, 13, 95 .
AMA StyleLouise Weiwei Lu, Elaine Rush, Bernard Venn. Effect of rice cooking methods on postprandial glycaemic response, satiety and palatability, and chewed particle size distribution. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice. 2019; 13 (1):95.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLouise Weiwei Lu; Elaine Rush; Bernard Venn. 2019. "Effect of rice cooking methods on postprandial glycaemic response, satiety and palatability, and chewed particle size distribution." Obesity Research & Clinical Practice 13, no. 1: 95.
Background: The variety, quality and quantity of foods consumed and eating patterns influencethe development of non-communicable diseases
Shabnam Jalili Moghaddam; Elaine Rush; Gael Janine Mearns. Eating Patterns of Pacific Children at Age 14 Years; Pacific Islands Families Study. Proceedings 2019, 8, 57 .
AMA StyleShabnam Jalili Moghaddam, Elaine Rush, Gael Janine Mearns. Eating Patterns of Pacific Children at Age 14 Years; Pacific Islands Families Study. Proceedings. 2019; 8 (1):57.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShabnam Jalili Moghaddam; Elaine Rush; Gael Janine Mearns. 2019. "Eating Patterns of Pacific Children at Age 14 Years; Pacific Islands Families Study." Proceedings 8, no. 1: 57.
In New Zealand, the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing in Pacific youth.
Shabnam Jalili-Moghaddam; Leon Iusitini; Steve Taylor; Lindsay Plank; Gael Mearns; Jeremy Krebs; El-Shadan Tautolo; Janis Paterson; Elaine Rush. Early Detection of Risk for Type 2 Diabetes and Sugary Drinks Intake. Proceedings 2019, 37, 13 .
AMA StyleShabnam Jalili-Moghaddam, Leon Iusitini, Steve Taylor, Lindsay Plank, Gael Mearns, Jeremy Krebs, El-Shadan Tautolo, Janis Paterson, Elaine Rush. Early Detection of Risk for Type 2 Diabetes and Sugary Drinks Intake. Proceedings. 2019; 37 (1):13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShabnam Jalili-Moghaddam; Leon Iusitini; Steve Taylor; Lindsay Plank; Gael Mearns; Jeremy Krebs; El-Shadan Tautolo; Janis Paterson; Elaine Rush. 2019. "Early Detection of Risk for Type 2 Diabetes and Sugary Drinks Intake." Proceedings 37, no. 1: 13.
All food based dietary guidelines recommend a diet with plenty of vegetables and fruits.
Elaine Rush; Shabnam Jalili-Moghaddam; Tung Diep; Isaac Amoah. Who Is Eating Their Veggies? Proceedings 2019, 37, 14 .
AMA StyleElaine Rush, Shabnam Jalili-Moghaddam, Tung Diep, Isaac Amoah. Who Is Eating Their Veggies? Proceedings. 2019; 37 (1):14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElaine Rush; Shabnam Jalili-Moghaddam; Tung Diep; Isaac Amoah. 2019. "Who Is Eating Their Veggies?" Proceedings 37, no. 1: 14.
Background: For children, body mass index, adjusted for age and gender is the globally acceptedmeasure of relative growth and risk of over and under-nutrition
E. Rush; L. Young; C. Cairncross. Child Nutritional Status—Alternative Metrics to Body Mass Index. Proceedings 2019, 8, 33 .
AMA StyleE. Rush, L. Young, C. Cairncross. Child Nutritional Status—Alternative Metrics to Body Mass Index. Proceedings. 2019; 8 (1):33.
Chicago/Turabian StyleE. Rush; L. Young; C. Cairncross. 2019. "Child Nutritional Status—Alternative Metrics to Body Mass Index." Proceedings 8, no. 1: 33.
A significant reduction in rice starch digestibility and subsequent postprandial blood glucose responses following extended cold treatment (at 4 °C for 24 h) have been demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo studies, respectively. The impact of cold treatment was more significant for parboiled rice compared to other rice varieties. This study aimed to investigate consumer liking of sensory characteristics that may influence consumer acceptability of three available rice products in the Auckland region (medium grain white, medium grain brown and parboiled rice, which were either freshly boiled or cold-treated and reheated). The consumer liking of sensory characteristics (colour, taste, flavour, and texture) of each rice sample were accessed using visual analogue scales (VAS) in a randomized single blind setting. In the second stage, the participants evaluated their acceptability on VAS after the nutritional value and the characteristics of the rice samples were revealed. Sixty-four rice consumers reported higher likings of sensory characteristics of cold-treated parboiled rice and medium grain brown rice. The effect of cold treatment on the liking of sensory characteristics was more significant for parboiled rice (p < 0.05). Participants who are between 36 and 55 years old and consume rice domestically more than 10 times per month preferred cold-treated brown rice (73.8% of the participants’ population (67.4%, 80.2%)) and parboiled rice (74.3% of the participants’ population (67.9%, 80.7%)) (p < 0.001). As a result, cold-treated reheated parboiled rice received higher likings and acceptability and could be recommended and accepted as a healthier replacement of the daily staple meal.
Louise Weiwei Lu; John Monro; Jun Lu; Elaine Rush. The Effect of Cold Treatment of Parboiled Rice with Lowered Glycaemic Potency on Consumer Liking and Acceptability. Foods 2018, 7, 207 .
AMA StyleLouise Weiwei Lu, John Monro, Jun Lu, Elaine Rush. The Effect of Cold Treatment of Parboiled Rice with Lowered Glycaemic Potency on Consumer Liking and Acceptability. Foods. 2018; 7 (12):207.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLouise Weiwei Lu; John Monro; Jun Lu; Elaine Rush. 2018. "The Effect of Cold Treatment of Parboiled Rice with Lowered Glycaemic Potency on Consumer Liking and Acceptability." Foods 7, no. 12: 207.