An effective approach to extract the loss parameters of solar panel is developed and able to accurately represent their electrical behaviour. This method allows extracting the parameters of the single-diode model using only the information provided by the manufacturer's datasheet with a low-cost parameter determination technique and no complexity. The complete equation of the single- diode model of solar cells and panels is used, where the number of parameters to be calculated is reduced only to two parameters by a transcendental equation exclusively connecting the series resistance and the diode current, which is solved using the graphical method. The accuracy of the presented approach is justified by experimental data. In addition, the results of the proposed procedure are compared to the most recent proposed techniques in the literature. Furthermore, the results show a highly accurate; in particular, at the maximum power point, the error is still much less than 0.01%.

The determination of an effective method able to estimate the parameters of a photovoltaic panel is essential for the development and the performance of analysis of such equipment. In this paper, we present a new simple and effective method in order to extract the parameters of the photovoltaic (PV) modules by using the standard diode model. This model requires the five parameters be known, the photocurrent Iph, the reverse saturation current Is, the resistance Rs, the shunt resistance Rsh, and the curve fitting parameter A (the ideality factor) or the thermal voltage a. In order to find the five parameters, we formulated an equation binding only the two loss parameters Rs and Rsh. In order to solve this equation and to determine the shunt resistance and the thermal voltage, we expose the computation models of the series resistance Rs, which give excellent approximations. While the other parameters Iph and Is depend exclusively on the parameters Rs, Rsh, a, and the short circuit current Isc, and the open circuit voltage Voc. This method is validated experimentally by three different flat plat PV modules of various technologies (monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and thin film panels) and manufacturers. This article is being retracted effective 7 August 2014.

A new efficient approach for extracting solar cell parameters based on the three main points of the I-V characteristic of the five-parameter model is presented. The proposed method allows extracting the single-diode model parameters using only the information provided by the manufacturer's datasheet or those obtained under else conditions and able to accurately represent their electrical behavior. Based on these points, a transcendental equation is formulated where the search space is reduced from five to two dimension; this equation links exclusively the series resistance Rs and the ideality factor n. The graphical optimization technique is proposed to solve the found equation. The accuracy of the method presented is justified by four important reference studies in the literature and has been widely used by researchers and two other cases presented in a single study. Besides, the results of the proposed procedure are compared to the most recent techniques proposed in the literature. Moreover, the results show that the current versus voltage I-V characteristics of the solar panels are presented with satisfactory precision with regard to the different algorithms and methods proposed to solve the kind problems in different conditions of temperature and irradiation ; in particular, at the point of maximum power, the error is always well below 0.01%.

This paper addresses assessment of wind generation potentiality in Algeria and analyze of energy exchange between the wind and a Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS). Wind data gathered at 10 m high is based on the atlas of the wind of Algeria established by the National office of the Meteorology runs 37 stations of measures. The data is used for a feasibility analysis of optimum future utilization of Wind generator potentiality in 14 sites covering all landscape types and regions in Algeria. A mathematical formulation using a two-parameter Weibull wind speed distribution is further established to estimate the yearly mean wind speed and the yearly average available wind energy flux for each site. Detailed technical assessment for the ten most promising potential wind sites was made using the capacity factor and the site effectiveness approach. The investigation was performed assuming twelve models of small, medium and big size wind machines representing different ranges of characteristic speeds and rated power suitable for water pumping and electric supply. The results show that small wind turbines could be installed in some coast region and medium wind turbines could be installed in the high plateau and some desert regions and utilized for water supply and electrical power generation, the sites having an important wind deposit, in high plateau we find Tiaret site's but in the Sahara there is some sites for example Adrar, Timimoun, In Amenas and In Salah, in these sites could be installed a medium or a big size wind turbines, provided the correct wind machine-site is selected.

The objective of this paper is to introduce the assessment parameters of the wind energy production of sites and pairing between the sites and wind turbines. The exploration is made with the wind data gathered at 10 m high is based on the atlas of the wind of Algeria established by the National office of the Meteorology runs 37 stations of measures. The data is used for a feasibility analysis of optimum future utilization of Wind generator potentiality in five promising sites covering a part of landscape types and regions in Algeria.Detailed technical assessment for the ten most promising potential wind sites was made using the capacity factor and the site effectiveness approach.The investigation was performed assuming several models of small, medium and big size wind machines representing different ranges of characteristic speeds and rated power suitable for water pumping and electric supply. The results show that small wind turbines could be installed in some coast region and medium wind turbines could be installed in the high plateau and some desert regions and utilized for water supply and electrical power generation, the sites having an important wind deposit, in high plateau we find Tiaret site's but in the desert there is some sites for example Adrar, Timimoun and In Amenas, in these sites could be installed a medium and big size wind turbines

In Algeria, the alternative to the absence of these air pollution measurement networks can come from the recent development of electrochemical sensor technologies for air quality monitoring which arouses a certain interest because of their miniaturization, low energy consumption and low cost. We developed a low-cost outdoor carbon monoxide analyzer called APOMOS (Air pollution Monitoring System) based on electrochemical sensor managed by microcontroller. In order to validate the APOMOS system, the recorded measurements are compared with measurements taken by a conventional analyzer. Comparison of the measurements resulting from conventional analyzer and those resulting from the APOMOS system gives a coefficient of determination of 98.39 %.