Porous biomass carbon derived from corn stalks was prepared via carbonization and activation of CaCl₂.

Aluminum alloy hot stamping technology can improve the formability of materials and obtain parts with high dimensional accuracy. Friction behavior in the hot stamping process is very important for forming quality. Accurate friction coefficient is helpful to improve the prediction accuracy of forming defects. It is hard to obtain the friction coefficient by simple experiments due to the complicated thermal–mechanical coupling and contact conditions during the hot stamping of aluminum alloys. In order to explore the effect of friction behavior on forming quality, hot stamping experiments of 7075 aluminum alloy U-shaped parts with different lubricants were carried out. The influence of different lubricants on the force–displacement curve, material inflow, surface appearance, and thickness distribution of the formed part was analyzed. The results showed that a good lubrication effect could be obtained with the molybdenum disulfide lubricant. The friction coefficient under different lubrication conditions was obtained by using the inverse problem optimization method. Compared with the experimental results, the determined friction coefficients could accurately predict the force–displacement curves and the thickness distributions of formed parts under different lubrication conditions.

Different from traditional hot stamping components with full martensite, the new tailored hot stamping (THS) components have different quenched microstructures, which results in their lower shape accuracy. To investigate the influence of different quenched phases on the springback of a component, a THS experiment of a U-shaped component was performed with segmented heating and a cooling tool. The area fractions of phases at different tool temperatures were obtained by a two-stage color tint etching procedure. Results showed that the quenched phase of the cold zone was almost full martensite. The area fraction of martensite in the hot zone was reduced to the lowest 13% at the tool temperature of 600 °C, while the bainite content reached the highest at 70%. The springback angles at different tool temperatures for quenching were measured by 3D scanning technology and the reverse modeling method. It was revealed that the springback angle increased with the increase of martensite and yet decreased with the increase of bainite. The relationship between the springback angle and the area fractions of the quenched phases was established by means of multiple linear regression analyses. The error analysis results of the predictions and measurements showed that the springback analysis model, based on the area fractions of quenched phases, could be used to predict the springback of hot stamping components with tailored properties.