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This study was designed to research the impact of pandemic situations such as COVID-19 in digital transformation (DT). Our proposed study was designed to research whether COVID-19 is a driver of digital transformation and to look at the three most positive and negative DT disruptors. Our study suggests that COVID-19 is a driver of digital transformation, since 94 percent of respondents agreed that COVID-19 is a driver of DT. The second phase of our study shows that technology, automation, and collaboration (TAC) is the most positive significant factor which enables work from anywhere (WFA) (or work from home) arrangements and also leads to the third positive factor of a work-life balance (WLB). The top three negative factors are no work-life balance (NWL), social employment issues (SEI), and data security and technology issues (DST). The negative factors show a contradictory result since NWL is the most negative factor, even though WLB is the third most positive factor. While the pandemic situation is leading to a positive situation for economies and organizations at a micro level, the negative impacts, which will affect overall economic growth as well as social, health, and wealth wellbeing, need to be kept in mind. The motivation of this study was to research positive and negative effects of COVID-19 on DT, since COVID-19 is impacting everyone and everyday life, including businesses. Our study developed a unique framework to address both positive and negative adoption. Our study also highlights the need for organizations and the economy to establish mitigation plans, as the pandemic has already been disrupting the entire world for the past three quarters.
Radhakrishnan Subramaniam; Satya P. Singh; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Balázs Gulyás; Prashobhan Palakkeel; Raja Sreedharan. Positive and Negative Impacts of COVID-19 in Digital Transformation. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9470 .
AMA StyleRadhakrishnan Subramaniam, Satya P. Singh, Parasuraman Padmanabhan, Balázs Gulyás, Prashobhan Palakkeel, Raja Sreedharan. Positive and Negative Impacts of COVID-19 in Digital Transformation. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9470.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRadhakrishnan Subramaniam; Satya P. Singh; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Balázs Gulyás; Prashobhan Palakkeel; Raja Sreedharan. 2021. "Positive and Negative Impacts of COVID-19 in Digital Transformation." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9470.
Positron emission tomography (PET) is an extensively used nuclear functional imaging technique, especially for central nervous system (CNS) and oncological disorders. Currently, drug development is a lengthy and costly pursuit. Imaging with PET radiotracers could be an effective way to hasten drug discovery and advancement, because it facilitates the monitoring of key facets, such as receptor occupancy quantification, drug biodistribution, pharmacokinetic (PK) analyses, validation of target engagement, treatment monitoring, and measurement of neurotransmitter concentrations. These parameters demand careful analyses for the robust appraisal of newly formulated drugs during preclinical and clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the usage of PET imaging in radiopharmaceutical development; drug development approaches with PET imaging; and PET developments in oncological and cardiac drug discovery.
Krishna Kanta Ghosh; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Chang-Tong Yang; David Chee Eng Ng; Mathangi Palanivel; Sachin Mishra; Christer Halldin; Balázs Gulyás. Positron emission tomographic imaging in drug discovery. Drug Discovery Today 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleKrishna Kanta Ghosh, Parasuraman Padmanabhan, Chang-Tong Yang, David Chee Eng Ng, Mathangi Palanivel, Sachin Mishra, Christer Halldin, Balázs Gulyás. Positron emission tomographic imaging in drug discovery. Drug Discovery Today. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrishna Kanta Ghosh; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Chang-Tong Yang; David Chee Eng Ng; Mathangi Palanivel; Sachin Mishra; Christer Halldin; Balázs Gulyás. 2021. "Positron emission tomographic imaging in drug discovery." Drug Discovery Today , no. : 1.
The development of a biomimetic neuronal network from neural cells is a big challenge for researchers. Recent advances in nanotechnology, on the other hand, have enabled unprecedented tools and techniques for guiding and directing neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro to construct an in vivo-like neuronal network. Nanotechnology allows control over neural stem cells by means of scaffolds that guide neurons to reform synaptic networks in suitable directions in 3D architecture, surface modification/nanopatterning to decide cell fate and stimulate/record signals from neurons to find out the relationships between neuronal circuit connectivity and their pathophysiological functions. Overall, nanotechnology-mediated methods facilitate precise physiochemical controls essential to develop tools appropriate for applications in neuroscience. This review emphasizes the newest applications of nanotechnology for examining central nervous system (CNS) roles and, therefore, provides an insight into how these technologies can be tested in vitro before being used in preclinical and clinical research and their potential role in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
Satnam Singh; Sachin Mishra; Song Juha; Manojit Pramanik; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Balázs Gulyás. Nanotechnology Facilitated Cultured Neuronal Network and Its Applications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 5552 .
AMA StyleSatnam Singh, Sachin Mishra, Song Juha, Manojit Pramanik, Parasuraman Padmanabhan, Balázs Gulyás. Nanotechnology Facilitated Cultured Neuronal Network and Its Applications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (11):5552.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSatnam Singh; Sachin Mishra; Song Juha; Manojit Pramanik; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Balázs Gulyás. 2021. "Nanotechnology Facilitated Cultured Neuronal Network and Its Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11: 5552.
Breast cancer is the deadliest form of cancer in women, but it also has very high survival rates when treated early. Existing breast cancer detection methods such as mammography are ineffective in the early detection of breast cancer due to the low uptake among women and the need for regular screening. Therefore, biosensors have been proposed as an alternative method for cost-effective breast cancer screening which may encourage more women to go for screening more regularly. In this paper, a gold nano-urchins enhanced plasmonic sensor is demonstrated for the detection of a typical breast cancer marker, estrogen receptor alpha (ER). The localized field confinement effect due to the sharp features of the nano-urchins amplifies the biosensing signal and improves its sensitivity as compared to a conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor.
Jian Yi Pae; Radhika V. Nair; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Gayathri Radhakrishnan; Balazs Gulyas; Murukeshan Vadakke Matham. Gold Nano-Urchins Enhanced Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) BIOSENSORS for the Detection of Estrogen Receptor Alpha (ERα). IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 2021, 27, 1 -6.
AMA StyleJian Yi Pae, Radhika V. Nair, Parasuraman Padmanabhan, Gayathri Radhakrishnan, Balazs Gulyas, Murukeshan Vadakke Matham. Gold Nano-Urchins Enhanced Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) BIOSENSORS for the Detection of Estrogen Receptor Alpha (ERα). IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. 2021; 27 (5):1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJian Yi Pae; Radhika V. Nair; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Gayathri Radhakrishnan; Balazs Gulyas; Murukeshan Vadakke Matham. 2021. "Gold Nano-Urchins Enhanced Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) BIOSENSORS for the Detection of Estrogen Receptor Alpha (ERα)." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 27, no. 5: 1-6.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) modelled by lateral fluid percussion-induction (LFPI) in rats is a widely used experimental rodent model to explore and understand the underlying cellular and molecular alterations in the brain caused by TBI in humans. Current improvements in imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) have made it possible to map certain features of TBI-induced cellular and molecular changes equally in humans and animals. The PET imaging technique is an apt supplement to nanotheranostic-based treatment alternatives that are emerging to tackle TBI. The present study aims to investigate whether the two radioligands, [11C]PBR28 and [18F]flumazenil, are able to accurately quantify in vivo molecular-cellular changes in a rodent TBI-model for two different biochemical targets of the processes. In addition, it serves to observe any palpable variations associated with primary and secondary injury sites, and in the affected versus the contralateral hemispheres. As [11C]PBR28 is a radioligand of the 18 kD translocator protein, the up-regulation of which is coupled to the level of neuroinflammation in the brain, and [18F]flumazenil is a radioligand for GABAA-benzodiazepine receptors, whose level mirrors interneuronal activity and eventually cell death, the use of the two radioligands may reveal two critical features of TBI. An up-regulation in the [11C]PBR28 uptake triggered by the LFP in the injured (right) hemisphere was noted on day 14, while the uptake of [18F]flumazenil was down-regulated on day 14. When comparing the left (contralateral) and right (LFPI) hemispheres, the differences between the two in neuroinflammation were obvious. Our results demonstrate a potential way to measure the molecular alterations in a rodent-based TBI model using PET imaging with [11C]PBR28 and [18F]flumazenil. These radioligands are promising options that can be eventually used in exploring the complex in vivo pharmacokinetics and delivery mechanisms of nanoparticles in TBI treatment.
Krishna Ghosh; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Chang-Tong Yang; Zhimin Wang; Mathangi Palanivel; Kian Ng; Jia Lu; Jan Carlstedt-Duke; Christer Halldin; Balázs Gulyás. An In Vivo Study of a Rat Fluid-Percussion-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury Model with [11C]PBR28 and [18F]flumazenil PET Imaging. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 951 .
AMA StyleKrishna Ghosh, Parasuraman Padmanabhan, Chang-Tong Yang, Zhimin Wang, Mathangi Palanivel, Kian Ng, Jia Lu, Jan Carlstedt-Duke, Christer Halldin, Balázs Gulyás. An In Vivo Study of a Rat Fluid-Percussion-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury Model with [11C]PBR28 and [18F]flumazenil PET Imaging. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (2):951.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrishna Ghosh; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Chang-Tong Yang; Zhimin Wang; Mathangi Palanivel; Kian Ng; Jia Lu; Jan Carlstedt-Duke; Christer Halldin; Balázs Gulyás. 2021. "An In Vivo Study of a Rat Fluid-Percussion-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury Model with [11C]PBR28 and [18F]flumazenil PET Imaging." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2: 951.
Amyloid-beta proteins that form cytotoxic aggregates called amyloid-β derived diffusible ligands are responsible for various neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Novel methods for the early detection of such aggregates and inhibition of further fibrillation are highly important and need in the current situation. In this paper, we present a novel method based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between carbon dots and Ag nanoparticle for sensing various fibrillation stages of beta-amyloid proteins. The addition of Ag nanoparticles to carbon dot colloid is found to significantly enhance the inhibition of beta-amyloid fibrillation due to the modified hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions introduced by Ag nanoparticles and is monitored using thioflavin T (ThT) assay. Further, fluorescence quenching of carbon dots in the presence of Ag particles is found to get reduced with the increase in the incubation time of beta-amyloid fibrils. We could observe a linear trend in the variation of Stern–Volmer constants calculated based on FRET between carbon dots and Ag nanoparticles with the incubation time of beta-amyloid, indicating the potential of using the proposed FRET-based method for sensing beta-amyloid fibrillation.
Radhika Vadakkini Nair; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Balázs Gulyás; Murukeshan Vadakke Matham. Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-Based ThT Free Sensing of Beta-Amyloid Fibrillation by Carbon Dot-Ag Composites. Plasmonics 2021, 16, 863 -872.
AMA StyleRadhika Vadakkini Nair, Parasuraman Padmanabhan, Balázs Gulyás, Murukeshan Vadakke Matham. Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-Based ThT Free Sensing of Beta-Amyloid Fibrillation by Carbon Dot-Ag Composites. Plasmonics. 2021; 16 (3):863-872.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRadhika Vadakkini Nair; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Balázs Gulyás; Murukeshan Vadakke Matham. 2021. "Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-Based ThT Free Sensing of Beta-Amyloid Fibrillation by Carbon Dot-Ag Composites." Plasmonics 16, no. 3: 863-872.
The synergy of perceptual psychology, technology, and neuroscience can be used to comprehend how virtual reality affects cognition of human brain. Numerous studies have used neuroimaging modalities to assess the cognitive state and response of the brain with various external stimulations. The virtual reality-based devices are well known to incur visual, auditory, and haptic induced perceptions. Neurophysiological recordings together with virtual stimulations can assist in correlating humans’ physiological perception with response in the environment designed virtually. The effective combination of these two has been utilized to study human behavior, spatial navigation performance, and spatial presence, to name a few. Moreover, virtual reality-based devices can be evaluated for the neurophysiological correlates of cognition through neurophysiological recordings. Challenges exist in the integration of real-time neuronal signals with virtual reality-based devices, and enhancing the experience together with real-time feedback and control through neuronal signals. This article provides an overview of neurophysiological correlates of cognition as revealed by virtual reality experience, together with a description of perception and virtual reality-based neuromodulation, various applications, and existing challenges in this field of research.
Sachin Mishra; Ajay Kumar; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Balázs Gulyás. Neurophysiological Correlates of Cognition as Revealed by Virtual Reality: Delving the Brain with a Synergistic Approach. Brain Sciences 2021, 11, 51 .
AMA StyleSachin Mishra, Ajay Kumar, Parasuraman Padmanabhan, Balázs Gulyás. Neurophysiological Correlates of Cognition as Revealed by Virtual Reality: Delving the Brain with a Synergistic Approach. Brain Sciences. 2021; 11 (1):51.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSachin Mishra; Ajay Kumar; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Balázs Gulyás. 2021. "Neurophysiological Correlates of Cognition as Revealed by Virtual Reality: Delving the Brain with a Synergistic Approach." Brain Sciences 11, no. 1: 51.
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), affect the ageing population worldwide and while severely impairing the quality of life of millions, they also cause a massive economic burden to countries with progressively ageing populations. Parallel with the search for biomarkers for early detection and prediction, the pursuit for therapeutic approaches has become growingly intensive in recent years. Various prospective therapeutic approaches have been explored with an emphasis on early prevention and protection, including, but not limited to, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Many pharmacological interventions have proved to be promising novel avenues, but successful applications are often hampered by the poor delivery of the therapeutics across the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). To overcome this challenge, nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery has been considered as a promising option, as NP-based drug delivery systems can be functionalized to target specific cell surface receptors and to achieve controlled and long-term release of therapeutics to the target tissue. The usefulness of NPs for loading and delivering of drugs has been extensively studied in the context of NDDs, and their biological efficacy has been demonstrated in numerous preclinical animal models. Efforts have also been made towards the development of NPs which can be used for targeting the BBB and various cell types in the brain. The main focus of this review is to briefly discuss the advantages of functionalized NPs as promising theranostic agents for the diagnosis and therapy of NDDs. We also summarize the results of diverse studies that specifically investigated the usage of different NPs for the treatment of NDDs, with a specific emphasis on AD and PD, and the associated pathophysiological changes. Finally, we offer perspectives on the existing challenges of using NPs as theranostic agents and possible futuristic approaches to improve them.
Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Mathangi Palanivel; Ajay Kumar; Domokos Máthé; George K. Radda; Kah-Leong Lim; Balázs Gulyás. Nanotheranostic agents for neurodegenerative diseases. Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 2020, 4, 645 -675.
AMA StyleParasuraman Padmanabhan, Mathangi Palanivel, Ajay Kumar, Domokos Máthé, George K. Radda, Kah-Leong Lim, Balázs Gulyás. Nanotheranostic agents for neurodegenerative diseases. Emerging Topics in Life Sciences. 2020; 4 (6):645-675.
Chicago/Turabian StyleParasuraman Padmanabhan; Mathangi Palanivel; Ajay Kumar; Domokos Máthé; George K. Radda; Kah-Leong Lim; Balázs Gulyás. 2020. "Nanotheranostic agents for neurodegenerative diseases." Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 4, no. 6: 645-675.
The diagnosis and therapy of neurodegenerative diseases are highly indispensable. In particular, the definitive clinical diagnosis and therapy of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains a challenge. Despite the use of amyloid beta (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET) gold standard [11C]-PiB, other approved benzothiazole ([18F]-flutemetamol) and stilbene derivative ([18F]-florbetaben and [18F]-florbetapir) based probes have been extensively studied and advocated as potential early Aβ PET radioligands for AD. Recent years have witnessed a burgeoning research activity in the development of radiotracers for tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) binding using PET imaging, while monitoring the progression of disease. Notably, several tau PET ligands (e.g. [18F]-THK5351, [18F]-MK-6240, and [18F]-AV-1451, [18F]-RO-6958948, [18F]-JNJ-64326067, [18F]-PI-2620) showed high affinity and selective binding to tau pathology. Although early detection and progression of AD have been studied extensively using PET imaging, therapeutic approaches to the disease are scarce. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs) based therapeutic approaches have emerged. Coordination of ligands to the surface of organic NPs (e.g., flavonoids: green tea polyphenol- EGCG, curcumin), and inorganic NPs (e.g. Au, ZnO, CeO2) have been explored to decrease/inhibit the amyloid aggregation and tau hyperphosphorylation. This review focuses on (i) the importance of coordination chemistry of ligands in the design of PET imaging probes with specific binding affinities to Aβ and tau NFTs in AD, and (ii) the role of surface ligands and their coordination to NPs and functional molecules for the rational design of novel anti-AD reagents for therapeutic interventions.
Subramanian Tamil Selvan; Roopa Ravichandar; Krishna Kanta Ghosh; Anand Mohan; Pachaiyappan Mahalakshmi; Balázs Gulyás; Parasuraman Padmanabhan. Coordination chemistry of ligands: Insights into the design of amyloid beta/tau-PET imaging probes and nanoparticles-based therapies for Alzheimer’s disease. Coordination Chemistry Reviews 2020, 430, 213659 .
AMA StyleSubramanian Tamil Selvan, Roopa Ravichandar, Krishna Kanta Ghosh, Anand Mohan, Pachaiyappan Mahalakshmi, Balázs Gulyás, Parasuraman Padmanabhan. Coordination chemistry of ligands: Insights into the design of amyloid beta/tau-PET imaging probes and nanoparticles-based therapies for Alzheimer’s disease. Coordination Chemistry Reviews. 2020; 430 ():213659.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSubramanian Tamil Selvan; Roopa Ravichandar; Krishna Kanta Ghosh; Anand Mohan; Pachaiyappan Mahalakshmi; Balázs Gulyás; Parasuraman Padmanabhan. 2020. "Coordination chemistry of ligands: Insights into the design of amyloid beta/tau-PET imaging probes and nanoparticles-based therapies for Alzheimer’s disease." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 430, no. : 213659.
Positron emission tomography (PET) offers the study of biochemical, physiological, and pharmacological functions at a cellular and molecular level. The performance of a PET study mostly depends on the used radiotracer of interest. However, the development of a novel PET tracer is very difficult, as it is required to fulfill a lot of important criteria. PET radiotracers usually encounter different chemical modifications including redox reaction, hydrolysis, decarboxylation, and various conjugation processes within living organisms. Due to this biotransformation, different chemical entities are produced, and the amount of the parent radiotracer is declined. Consequently, the signal measured by the PET scanner indicates the entire amount of radioactivity deposited in the tissue; however, it does not offer any indication about the chemical disposition of the parent radiotracer itself. From a radiopharmaceutical perspective, it is necessary to quantify the parent radiotracer’s fraction present in the tissue. Hence, the identification of radiometabolites of the radiotracers is vital for PET imaging. There are mainly two reasons for the chemical identification of PET radiometabolites: firstly, to determine the amount of parent radiotracers in plasma, and secondly, to rule out (if a radiometabolite enters the brain) or correct any radiometabolite accumulation in peripheral tissue. Besides, radiometabolite formations of the tracer might be of concern for the PET study, as the radiometabolic products may display considerably contrasting distribution patterns inside the body when compared with the radiotracer itself. Therefore, necessary information is needed about these biochemical transformations to understand the distribution of radioactivity throughout the body. Various published review articles on PET radiometabolites mainly focus on the sample preparation techniques and recently available technology to improve the radiometabolite analysis process. This article essentially summarizes the chemical and structural identity of the radiometabolites of various radiotracers including [11C]PBB3, [11C]flumazenil, [18F]FEPE2I, [11C]PBR28, [11C]MADAM, and (+)[18F]flubatine. Besides, the importance of radiometabolite analysis in PET imaging is also briefly summarized. Moreover, this review also highlights how a slight chemical modification could reduce the formation of radiometabolites, which could interfere with the results of PET imaging. Graphical abstract
Krishna Kanta Ghosh; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Chang-Tong Yang; Sachin Mishra; Christer Halldin; Balázs Gulyás. Dealing with PET radiometabolites. EJNMMI Research 2020, 10, 1 -17.
AMA StyleKrishna Kanta Ghosh, Parasuraman Padmanabhan, Chang-Tong Yang, Sachin Mishra, Christer Halldin, Balázs Gulyás. Dealing with PET radiometabolites. EJNMMI Research. 2020; 10 (1):1-17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrishna Kanta Ghosh; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Chang-Tong Yang; Sachin Mishra; Christer Halldin; Balázs Gulyás. 2020. "Dealing with PET radiometabolites." EJNMMI Research 10, no. 1: 1-17.
Successive layers in convolutional neural networks (CNN) extract different features from input images. Applications of CNNs to detect abnormalities in the 2D images or 3D volumes of body organs have recently become popular. However, computer-aided detection of diseases using deep CNN is challenging due to the absence of a large set of training medical images/scans and the relatively small and hard to detect abnormalities. In this paper, we propose a method for normalizing 3D volumetric scans using the intensity profile of the training samples. This aids the CNN by creating a higher contrast around the abnormal region of interest in the scan. We use the CQ500 head CT dataset to demonstrate the validity of our method for detecting different acute brain hemorrhages such as subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH), subdural hematoma (SDH), and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). We compare the proposed method with a baseline, two variants of the 3D VGGNet architectures, Resnet, and show that the proposed method achieves significant improvement in classification performance. For binary classification, we achieved the best F1 score of 0.96 (normal vs SAH), 0.93 (normal vs IPH), 0.98 (normal vs SDH), and 0.99 (normal vs IVH), and for four-class classification, we obtained an average F1 score of 0.77. Finally, we show a limitation of the proposed method while detecting varied abnormalities. The proposed method has applications for abnormality detection for different organs.
Satya P. Singh; Lipo Wang; Sukrit Gupta; Balazs Gulyas; Parasuraman Padmanabhan. Shallow 3D CNN for Detecting Acute Brain Hemorrhage From Medical Imaging Sensors. IEEE Sensors Journal 2020, 21, 14290 -14299.
AMA StyleSatya P. Singh, Lipo Wang, Sukrit Gupta, Balazs Gulyas, Parasuraman Padmanabhan. Shallow 3D CNN for Detecting Acute Brain Hemorrhage From Medical Imaging Sensors. IEEE Sensors Journal. 2020; 21 (13):14290-14299.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSatya P. Singh; Lipo Wang; Sukrit Gupta; Balazs Gulyas; Parasuraman Padmanabhan. 2020. "Shallow 3D CNN for Detecting Acute Brain Hemorrhage From Medical Imaging Sensors." IEEE Sensors Journal 21, no. 13: 14290-14299.
The rapid advancements in machine learning, graphics processing technologies and the availability of medical imaging data have led to a rapid increase in the use of deep learning models in the medical domain. This was exacerbated by the rapid advancements in convolutional neural network (CNN) based architectures, which were adopted by the medical imaging community to assist clinicians in disease diagnosis. Since the grand success of AlexNet in 2012, CNNs have been increasingly used in medical image analysis to improve the efficiency of human clinicians. In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) CNNs have been employed for the analysis of medical images. In this paper, we trace the history of how the 3D CNN was developed from its machine learning roots, we provide a brief mathematical description of 3D CNN and provide the preprocessing steps required for medical images before feeding them to 3D CNNs. We review the significant research in the field of 3D medical imaging analysis using 3D CNNs (and its variants) in different medical areas such as classification, segmentation, detection and localization. We conclude by discussing the challenges associated with the use of 3D CNNs in the medical imaging domain (and the use of deep learning models in general) and possible future trends in the field.
Satya P. Singh; Lipo Wang; Sukrit Gupta; Haveesh Goli; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Balázs Gulyás. 3D Deep Learning on Medical Images: A Review. Sensors 2020, 20, 5097 .
AMA StyleSatya P. Singh, Lipo Wang, Sukrit Gupta, Haveesh Goli, Parasuraman Padmanabhan, Balázs Gulyás. 3D Deep Learning on Medical Images: A Review. Sensors. 2020; 20 (18):5097.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSatya P. Singh; Lipo Wang; Sukrit Gupta; Haveesh Goli; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Balázs Gulyás. 2020. "3D Deep Learning on Medical Images: A Review." Sensors 20, no. 18: 5097.
(1) Background. The main goal of this work was to develop a fluorescent dye-labelling technique for our previously described nanosized platform, citrate-coated Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles (PBNPs). In addition, characteristics and stability of the PB nanoparticles labelled with fluorescent dyes were determined. (2) Methods. We adsorbed the fluorescent dyes Eosin Y and Rhodamine B and methylene blue (MB) to PB-nanoparticle systems. The physicochemical properties of these fluorescent dye-labeled PBNPs (iron(II);iron(III);octadecacyanide) were determined using atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential measurements, scanning- and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transformation infrared spectroscopy. A methylene-blue (MB) labelled, polyethylene-glycol stabilized PBNP platform was selected for further assessment of in vivo distribution and fluorescent imaging after intravenous administration in mice. (3) Results. The MB-labelled particles emitted a strong fluorescent signal at 662 nm. We found that the fluorescent light emission and steric stabilization made this PBNP-MB particle platform applicable for in vivo optical imaging. (4) Conclusion. We successfully produced a fluorescent and stable, Prussian blue-based nanosystem. The particles can be used as a platform for imaging contrast enhancement. In vivo stability and biodistribution studies revealed new aspects of the use of PBNPs.
László Forgách; Nikolett Hegedűs; Ildikó Horváth; Bálint Kiss; Noémi Kovács; Zoltán Varga; Géza Jakab; Tibor Kovács; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Krisztián Szigeti; Domokos Máthé. Fluorescent, Prussian Blue-Based Biocompatible Nanoparticle System for Multimodal Imaging Contrast. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 1732 .
AMA StyleLászló Forgách, Nikolett Hegedűs, Ildikó Horváth, Bálint Kiss, Noémi Kovács, Zoltán Varga, Géza Jakab, Tibor Kovács, Parasuraman Padmanabhan, Krisztián Szigeti, Domokos Máthé. Fluorescent, Prussian Blue-Based Biocompatible Nanoparticle System for Multimodal Imaging Contrast. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10 (9):1732.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLászló Forgách; Nikolett Hegedűs; Ildikó Horváth; Bálint Kiss; Noémi Kovács; Zoltán Varga; Géza Jakab; Tibor Kovács; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Krisztián Szigeti; Domokos Máthé. 2020. "Fluorescent, Prussian Blue-Based Biocompatible Nanoparticle System for Multimodal Imaging Contrast." Nanomaterials 10, no. 9: 1732.
Pancreatic beta cells are important in blood glucose level regulation. As type 1 and 2 diabetes are getting prevalent worldwide, we need to explore new methods for early detection of beta cell-related afflictions. Using bioimaging techniques to measure beta cell mass is crucial because a decrease in beta cell density is seen in diseases such as diabetes and thus can be a new way of diagnosis for such diseases. We also need to appraise beta cell purity in transplanted islets for type 1 diabetes patients. Sufficient amount of functional beta cells must also be determined before being transplanted to the patients. In this review, indirect imaging of beta cells will be discussed. This includes membrane protein on pancreatic beta cells whereby specific probes are designed for different imaging modalities mainly magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography and fluorescence imaging. Direct imaging of insulin is also explored though probes synthesized for such function are relatively fewer. The path for successful pancreatic beta cell imaging is fraught with challenges like non-specific binding, lack of beta cell-restricted targets, the requirement of probes to cross multiple lipid layers to bind to intracellular insulin. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop new imaging techniques and innovative probing constructs in the entire imaging chain of bioengineering to provide early detection of beta cell-related pathology.
Goh Zheng Cong; Krishna Kanta Ghosh; Sachin Mishra; Miklós Gulyás; Tibor Kovács; Domokos Máthé; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Balázs Gulyás. Targeted pancreatic beta cell imaging for early diagnosis. European Journal of Cell Biology 2020, 99, 151110 .
AMA StyleGoh Zheng Cong, Krishna Kanta Ghosh, Sachin Mishra, Miklós Gulyás, Tibor Kovács, Domokos Máthé, Parasuraman Padmanabhan, Balázs Gulyás. Targeted pancreatic beta cell imaging for early diagnosis. European Journal of Cell Biology. 2020; 99 (7):151110.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGoh Zheng Cong; Krishna Kanta Ghosh; Sachin Mishra; Miklós Gulyás; Tibor Kovács; Domokos Máthé; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Balázs Gulyás. 2020. "Targeted pancreatic beta cell imaging for early diagnosis." European Journal of Cell Biology 99, no. 7: 151110.
Although carbon nanoparticles or quantum dots (C-dots) have been studied extensively for a variety of applications (e.g. photocatalysis, metal ion sensing, antibacterial, cell labelling), a greener synthetic method is highly indispensable. Herein, we report a facile one-step hydrothermal carbonization approach for the synthesis of fluorescent blue/green C-dots using oyster mushroom (Pleurotus species). First, we demonstrate the application of these C-dots as a colorimetric sensor for toxic metal ions detection such as heavy metal Pb2+ ions with the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 58.63 µM and 177.69 µM, respectively. Second, we show the application of C-dots as a promising fluorescent probe for DNA recognition through the electrostatic intercalative interaction between ctDNA and C-dots. Third, we demonstrate the efficient antibacterial activity of C-dots against three bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Finally, the anticancer activity of C-dots against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells is demonstrated.
T. Boobalan; Murugan Sethupathi; Nallathambi Sengottuvelan; Ponnuchamy Kumar; P. Balaji; Balázs Zoltán Gulyás; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Subramanian Tamil Selvan; A. Arun. Mushroom-Derived Carbon Dots for Toxic Metal Ion Detection and as Antibacterial and Anticancer Agents. ACS Applied Nano Materials 2020, 3, 5910 -5919.
AMA StyleT. Boobalan, Murugan Sethupathi, Nallathambi Sengottuvelan, Ponnuchamy Kumar, P. Balaji, Balázs Zoltán Gulyás, Parasuraman Padmanabhan, Subramanian Tamil Selvan, A. Arun. Mushroom-Derived Carbon Dots for Toxic Metal Ion Detection and as Antibacterial and Anticancer Agents. ACS Applied Nano Materials. 2020; 3 (6):5910-5919.
Chicago/Turabian StyleT. Boobalan; Murugan Sethupathi; Nallathambi Sengottuvelan; Ponnuchamy Kumar; P. Balaji; Balázs Zoltán Gulyás; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Subramanian Tamil Selvan; A. Arun. 2020. "Mushroom-Derived Carbon Dots for Toxic Metal Ion Detection and as Antibacterial and Anticancer Agents." ACS Applied Nano Materials 3, no. 6: 5910-5919.
LSPR sensing of structural changes of beta amyloid fibrillation at the nano-molar concentration level using Au nano-urchins.
Radhika V. Nair; Pae Jian Yi; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Balázs Zoltán Gulyás; V. M. Murukeshan. Au nano-urchins enabled localized surface plasmon resonance sensing of beta amyloid fibrillation. Nanoscale Advances 2020, 2, 2693 -2698.
AMA StyleRadhika V. Nair, Pae Jian Yi, Parasuraman Padmanabhan, Balázs Zoltán Gulyás, V. M. Murukeshan. Au nano-urchins enabled localized surface plasmon resonance sensing of beta amyloid fibrillation. Nanoscale Advances. 2020; 2 (7):2693-2698.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRadhika V. Nair; Pae Jian Yi; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Balázs Zoltán Gulyás; V. M. Murukeshan. 2020. "Au nano-urchins enabled localized surface plasmon resonance sensing of beta amyloid fibrillation." Nanoscale Advances 2, no. 7: 2693-2698.
With the increasing concern of neurological diseases, the improvised therapy for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease is crucial. Yet, the efficacious delivery of drug across blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains a formidable challenge. BBB acts as a gate keeper to prevent the ingress of harmful foreign agents into the brain. It has built a great interest in designing BBB models to boost the field of neurotherapeutics. Recently, microfluidic systems are gaining ground in cell culture and bio-system analysis. It creates a new era of micro engineered laboratory onto a chip by combining the benefits of both in vitro and in vivo models. The high-fidelity microfluidic BBB-on-a-Chip possess the engineered physiological microenvironment for real time monitoring of barrier properties with human derived stem cells. These emerging models have intrinsic merits of regulating micro-scale fluid delivery and versatile fabrication. Moreover, the progress of 3D printing technology and versatility of stem cells assist in fabricating these robust and reproducible models. This review revolves around the various approaches of modelling microfluidic BBBs and emphasises on the limitations of existing models and technology. It contributes to the interdisciplinary engineering aspects of BBB research and its magnificent impact on drug development.
Sikkandhar Musafargani; Sachin Mishra; Miklos Gulyas; P. Mahalakshmi; Govindaraju Archunan; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Balázs Gulyás. Blood brain barrier: A tissue engineered microfluidic chip. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 2019, 331, 108525 .
AMA StyleSikkandhar Musafargani, Sachin Mishra, Miklos Gulyas, P. Mahalakshmi, Govindaraju Archunan, Parasuraman Padmanabhan, Balázs Gulyás. Blood brain barrier: A tissue engineered microfluidic chip. Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 2019; 331 ():108525.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSikkandhar Musafargani; Sachin Mishra; Miklos Gulyas; P. Mahalakshmi; Govindaraju Archunan; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Balázs Gulyás. 2019. "Blood brain barrier: A tissue engineered microfluidic chip." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 331, no. : 108525.
Background Human saliva contains several biomolecules, especially proteins, some of which have been found to serve as biomarkers of different physiological statuses and/or pathological conditions. Saliva is a much superior biological material for investigation over the other body fluids. Several salivary proteins are present in minute quantities whereupon there is possibility to express the hormone receptors, stress proteins or antimicrobial peptides at subtle to major variations which can reveal the physiological and/or pathological statuses. Ovulation is such a critical physiological process that its non-invasive prediction has several advantages. It has been postulated that saliva, with one or more of biomolecules in it such as proteins, amino acids, antioxidants, antimicrobial peptides, and such others would effectively serve as non-invasive predictor(s)/detector(s) of ovulation.Methods Samples were collected from women volunteers and the procedure adopted was approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee (DM/2014/101/38), Bharathidasan University. The saliva samples were collected between 8.00 to 9.00 AM from 30 healthy female volunteers (age, mean = 24, range = 19 - 30), with prior written consent. The protein expression pattern during different phases of menstrual cycle was analyzed using HR-LC-MS/MS and MALD TOF/TOF.Results The functional annotation of salivary proteins identified therein revealed that the proteins get assigned to the class of “extracellular proteins” which are concerned with regulatory functions. As many as 530 proteins showed up in the saliva during ovulation phase whereas there were only 251 proteins during post-ovulation phase. The protein expression was also analyzed using 2D gel electrophoresis and it was found that the salivary proteins focused at pH range 4-7 and molecular weight around 97-14 kDa. The unique/differentially expressed protein spots appeared during ovulation phase was identified by MALDI-TOF analysis.Conclusions According to spot analysis, Cystatin-S, Prolactin-inducible protein, Cystatin-A, Cystatin-SN, BPI fold-containing family A member 2, Alpha-tubulin N-acetyltransferase 1, and Carbonic anhydrase 6 were highly expressed during ovulation phase. These proteins could serve as an indicator(s) for ovulation after extensive validation studies.
Saibaba Ganesan; Rajesh Durairaj; Muthukumar Subramanian; Sathiyanarayanan Ganesan; Padmanabhan Parasuraman; Gulyas Balazs; Akbarsha Mohammad Abdulkader; Archunan Govindaraju. Salivary proteome profile of women during fertile phase of menstrual cycle as characterized by mass spectrometry. 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleSaibaba Ganesan, Rajesh Durairaj, Muthukumar Subramanian, Sathiyanarayanan Ganesan, Padmanabhan Parasuraman, Gulyas Balazs, Akbarsha Mohammad Abdulkader, Archunan Govindaraju. Salivary proteome profile of women during fertile phase of menstrual cycle as characterized by mass spectrometry. . 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaibaba Ganesan; Rajesh Durairaj; Muthukumar Subramanian; Sathiyanarayanan Ganesan; Padmanabhan Parasuraman; Gulyas Balazs; Akbarsha Mohammad Abdulkader; Archunan Govindaraju. 2019. "Salivary proteome profile of women during fertile phase of menstrual cycle as characterized by mass spectrometry." , no. : 1.
The functional interactions between the gut microbiota and the host are important for host physiology, homeostasis, and sustained health. We compared the skeletal muscle of germ-free mice that lacked a gut microbiota to the skeletal muscle of pathogen-free mice that had a gut microbiota. Compared to pathogen-free mouse skeletal muscle, germ-free mouse skeletal muscle showed atrophy, decreased expression of insulin-like growth factor 1, and reduced transcription of genes associated with skeletal muscle growth and mitochondrial function. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry analysis of skeletal muscle, liver, and serum from germ-free mice revealed multiple changes in the amounts of amino acids, including glycine and alanine, compared to pathogen-free mice. Germ-free mice also showed reduced serum choline, the precursor of acetylcholine, the key neurotransmitter that signals between muscle and nerve at neuromuscular junctions. Reduced expression of genes encoding Rapsyn and Lrp4, two proteins important for neuromuscular junction assembly and function, was also observed in skeletal muscle from germ-free mice compared to pathogen-free mice. Transplanting the gut microbiota from pathogen-free mice into germ-free mice resulted in an increase in skeletal muscle mass, a reduction in muscle atrophy markers, improved oxidative metabolic capacity of the muscle, and elevated expression of the neuromuscular junction assembly genes Rapsyn and Lrp4. Treating germ-free mice with short-chain fatty acids (microbial metabolites) partly reversed skeletal muscle impairments. Our results suggest a role for the gut microbiota in regulating skeletal muscle mass and function in mice.
Shawon Lahiri; Hyejin Kim; Isabel Garcia-Perez; Musarrat Maisha Reza; Katherine A. Martin; Parag Kundu; Laura M. Cox; Joel Selkrig; Joram M. Posma; Hongbo Zhang; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Catherine Moret; Balázs Gulyás; Martin Blaser; Johan Auwerx; Elaine Holmes; Jeremy Nicholson; Walter Wahli; Sven Pettersson. The gut microbiota influences skeletal muscle mass and function in mice. Science Translational Medicine 2019, 11, eaan5662 .
AMA StyleShawon Lahiri, Hyejin Kim, Isabel Garcia-Perez, Musarrat Maisha Reza, Katherine A. Martin, Parag Kundu, Laura M. Cox, Joel Selkrig, Joram M. Posma, Hongbo Zhang, Parasuraman Padmanabhan, Catherine Moret, Balázs Gulyás, Martin Blaser, Johan Auwerx, Elaine Holmes, Jeremy Nicholson, Walter Wahli, Sven Pettersson. The gut microbiota influences skeletal muscle mass and function in mice. Science Translational Medicine. 2019; 11 (502):eaan5662.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShawon Lahiri; Hyejin Kim; Isabel Garcia-Perez; Musarrat Maisha Reza; Katherine A. Martin; Parag Kundu; Laura M. Cox; Joel Selkrig; Joram M. Posma; Hongbo Zhang; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Catherine Moret; Balázs Gulyás; Martin Blaser; Johan Auwerx; Elaine Holmes; Jeremy Nicholson; Walter Wahli; Sven Pettersson. 2019. "The gut microbiota influences skeletal muscle mass and function in mice." Science Translational Medicine 11, no. 502: eaan5662.
One of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the abnormal aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides. Therefore the detection of Aβ peptides and imaging of amyloid plaques are considered as promising diagnostic methods for AD. Here we report a bifunctional nanoprobe prepared by conjugating gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with Rose Bengal (RB) dye. RB is chosen due to its unique Raman fingerprints and affinity with Aβ peptides. After the conjugation, Raman signals of RB were significantly enhanced due to the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect. Upon binding with Aβ42 peptides, a spectrum change was detected, and the magnitude of the spectrum changes can be correlated with the concentration of target peptides. The peptide/probe interaction also induced a remarkable enhancement in the probes’ fluorescence emission. This fluorescence enhancement was further utilized to image amyloid plaques in the brain slices from transgenic mice. In this study, the RB-AuNPs were used for both SERS-based detection of Aβ42 peptides and fluorescence-based imaging of amyloid plaques. Compared to monofunctional probes, the multifunctional probe is capable to provide more comprehensive pathophysiological information, and therefore, the implementation of such multifunctional amyloid probes is expected to help the investigation of amyloid aggregation and the early diagnosis of AD.
Yang Xia; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Sreelatha Sarangapani; Balázs Gulyás; Murukeshan Vadakke Matham. Bifunctional Fluorescent/Raman Nanoprobe for the Early Detection of Amyloid. Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 1 -11.
AMA StyleYang Xia, Parasuraman Padmanabhan, Sreelatha Sarangapani, Balázs Gulyás, Murukeshan Vadakke Matham. Bifunctional Fluorescent/Raman Nanoprobe for the Early Detection of Amyloid. Scientific Reports. 2019; 9 (1):1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang Xia; Parasuraman Padmanabhan; Sreelatha Sarangapani; Balázs Gulyás; Murukeshan Vadakke Matham. 2019. "Bifunctional Fluorescent/Raman Nanoprobe for the Early Detection of Amyloid." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1: 1-11.