This study examined the spatiotemporal climate variability over the Ceyhan River basin in Southern Anatolia, Türkiye using historical rainfall and temperature observations recorded at 15 meteorology stations. Various statistical and geostatistical techniques were employed to determine the significance of trends for each climatic variable in the whole basin and its three sub-regions (northern, central, and southern regions). The results revealed that the recent years in the basin were generally warmer compared with previous years, with a temperature increase of approximately 4 °C. The standardized temperature index analysis indicated a shift towards hotter periods after 2005, while the coldest periods were observed in the early 1990s. The spatial distribution of temperature showed non-uniform patterns throughout the basin. The first decade of the study period (1975–1984) was characterized by relatively cold temperatures, followed by a transition period from cold to hot between 1985 and 2004, and a hotter period in the last decade (2005–2014). The rainfall analysis indicated a decreasing trend in annual rainfall, particularly in the northern and central regions of the basin. However, the southern region showed an increasing trend in annual rainfall during the study period. The spatial distribution of rainfall exhibited considerable variability across the basin, with different regions experiencing distinct patterns. The standardized precipitation index analysis revealed the occurrence of multiple drought events throughout the study period. The most severe and prolonged droughts were observed in the years 1992–1996 and 2007–2010. These drought events had significant impacts on water availability and agricultural productivity in the basin.

This study aims to contribute to a better estimation of the density of fractures likely to favour the drainage of surface water in the High Ziz River (HZR) basin. The method adopted consists of the use of different airborne image processing techniques (filtering, enhancement and slope analysis) which allow a good discrimination of image discontinuities (lineaments) that can then be used for producing lineament maps. The influence of these lineaments on the underground flow is then studied. Indeed, it was possible to extract the lineament network, following the exploitation of remote sensing and an objectively completed analog analysis using the PCI Geomatica LINE module and its directional filters (Sobel directional filters by the ACP method), and to extract the hydrographic network of the HZR basin, using the ArcHydro tool. After superimposing these data, their thematic maps (of the lineament and hydrographic network) were developed. In addition, this comparison of the two hydrographic networks and lineament maps showed us very varied flow directions influenced by geological structures, particularly fracturing. The topography of the region also has a secondary impact on flows through the presence of slopes generally oriented towards the SE of the basin. The correlation of the results with the different directions of the orders of the hydrographic network allowed us to identify the potential effects of lineaments on the orientations of surface water circulation. In addition to these results, the realization of the Rose diagram indicated that the dominant trend in lineaments is N90–45N° (NE–SW).

Soil erosion poses a significant threat to natural resources and agricultural productivity in arid regions. This study applied the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model to simulate rainfall erosivity and soil erosion risk in the Wadi Allith basin, Saudi Arabia, using rainfall data from 2016 to 2018. The results demonstrated that the basin experienced a predominant slight level of erosion risk, with around 5 tons/ha annually. This study revealed that a very slight erosion risk was predominant in 2016 (97% of the basin area), 2017 (96%), and 2018 (95%), while less than 1% of the study area was exposed to severe erosion risks across all three years. An increasing trend in erosion severity was observed between 2016 and 2018, correlating with rising average annual rainfall amounts of 120 mm, 145 mm, and 155 mm. This underscores the importance of understanding how climatic factors influence soil stability, particularly in arid regions where water scarcity is typically a limiting factor. The successful application of Geographic Information Systems (GISs) and remote sensing tools integrating the various components of the RUSLE model showcases the effectiveness of these technologies in environmental monitoring and risk assessment. These tools facilitate a comprehensive analysis of the factors contributing to soil erosion, enabling researchers and policymakers to visualize erosion risk across the basin and prioritize areas for intervention. This study highlights the importance of ongoing soil erosion monitoring in arid environments such as the Wadi Allith basin, Saudi Arabia.

Understanding paleo-ice flow chronology is essential for reconstructing past ice mass dynamics, interpreting the current landscape, and identifying the sources of Quaternary sediments in deglaciated regions. A recent systematic mapping of striated bedrock and streamlined landforms south of Lake Mistassini in Canada reveals a complex sequence of five ice flows. The earliest flow was directed to the southeast (SE) and originated from a NE-SW ice divide located northwest of Lake Mistassini at the Last Glacial Maximum. A progressive clockwise rotation of this ice divide, likely triggered during the early deglaciation, appears to have generated ice flows toward the south–southeast (SSE) and then toward the south (S). During the later stages of deglaciation, the flow originated from the Québec–Labrador Dome, initially toward the south–southwest (SSW) and then toward the southwest (SW). This study presents new data on ice flows south of Lake Mistassini and shows that the southward and south–southeastward ice events occurred before the late stage of deglaciation. This interpretation contradicts some previous studies and will contribute to the discussion on the dynamics of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in the Mistassini area and support mineral exploration efforts in the region.