Metasurface polarization optics have attracted considerable attention due to their ability to manipulate independently the wave fronts of different polarization channels with subwavelength scale. Previous methods mainly focused on the condition of complete polarization conversion, restricting the application range of metasurface polarization multiplexing. Here, we proposed a generalized framework of phase manipulation for the metasurface polarization optics, which can realize independent phase control and arbitrary energy distribution of different polarization channels for the arbitrary polarization conversion efficiency. Based on this principle, we experimentally demonstrate tripolarization-channel wave-front control for the arbitrary polarization state (elliptical, circular, and linear). The arbitrary energy distribution of different polarization channels has been achieved via varying the polarization conversion efficiency. The proposed framework significantly improves the performance of metasurface in the polarization multiplexing and energy distribution, and expands the application scope of metasurface in the polarization optics.

A polarimeter, fundamental for characterizing the polarization state of light, is critical for advancing optical measurement techniques by delivering precise polarization information. A compact and portable polarimeter holds particular importance in applications like remote sensing and medical diagnosis. However, existing methods for developing a compact polarimeter are difficult to achieve full Stokes vector detection for broadband operation, and the noise immunity is also very weak. These defects significantly constrain the versatility of polarimeters across diverse application scenarios. Herein, a metadevice with dual-layer subwavelength grating structure for full Stokes vector detection has been proposed, capable of simultaneously achieving broadband detection and noise suppression. The intensity of the four elliptical polarization states of the incident light can be captured by four regions on this metadevice, enabling the computation of the full polarization state information via Mueller matrix inversion. Additionally, a set of optimized retardance at 0.73π and orientation angles at 43°, 80°, 111°, and 146° is provided to effectively suppress the noise. The results indicate that the recovery error remains below 5% across the 450–650 nm spectral range, showcasing a 1.5-fold enhancement in noise suppression capability compared to conventional structures.