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Prof. George F. Antonious
Kentucky State University, College of Agriculture

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Journal article
Published: 13 May 2020 in Agriculture
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Soil enzymes (urease, invertase, acid and alkaline phosphatase) activity in the rhizosphere of field-grown tomato plants were used to monitor the impact of soil amendments (SA) and SA mixed with biochar on soil microbial activity four months after addition of amendments. The soil treatments were sewage sludge (SS); horse manure (HM); chicken manure (CM); vermicompost (worm castings); commercial inorganic fertilizer; commercial organic fertilizer; and no-mulch (NM) native soil used for comparison purposes. Soil treatments also were mixed with 10% (w/w) biochar to investigate the impact of biochar on soil enzymes activity. The results showed a significant increase in soil urease and invertase activities after incorporation of SA to native soil. Vermicompost and HM were superior in increasing urease and invertase activity four months after their addition to native soil. Alkaline phosphatase activity fluctuated among the soil treatments, revealing some obstruction of its activity. SS amended with biochar increased acid phosphatase activity by 115% four months after SS addition. Other than alkaline phosphatase, organic manure enhanced soil biological activity (microbial biomass and release of enzymes), indicating that the use of manures, rather than inorganic fertilizers, in crop production is an affordable and sustainable agricultural production system.

ACS Style

George F. Antonious; Eric T. Turley; Mohammad H. Dawood. Monitoring Soil Enzymes Activity before and after Animal Manure Application. Agriculture 2020, 10, 166 .

AMA Style

George F. Antonious, Eric T. Turley, Mohammad H. Dawood. Monitoring Soil Enzymes Activity before and after Animal Manure Application. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (5):166.

Chicago/Turabian Style

George F. Antonious; Eric T. Turley; Mohammad H. Dawood. 2020. "Monitoring Soil Enzymes Activity before and after Animal Manure Application." Agriculture 10, no. 5: 166.

Journal article
Published: 02 May 2019 in Agriculture
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We studied the impact of animal manure that was mixed with biochar (a product of wood pyrolysis) on the nitrates (NO−3), vitamin C, total phenols, and soluble sugars concentrations in tomato fruits (Solanum lycopersicum var. Marglobe) of plants that were grown in raised plastic-mulch of freshly tilled soils. Sewage sludge (SS), horse manure (HM), chicken manure (CM), vermicompost (worm castings), commercial inorganic fertilizer, commercial organic fertilizer, and bare soil used for comparison purposes were the soil amendments. Each of the seven treatments was mixed with 10% (w/w) biochar to make a total of 42 treatments. Chemical analysis of mature tomato fruits revealed that the fruits of plants grown in SS amended soil contained the greatest concentration of NO−3 (17.2 µg g−1 fresh fruits), whereas those that were grown in SS biochar amended soils contained the lowest concentrations of nitrate (5.6 µg g−1 fresh fruits) compared to other soil treatments. SS that was amended with biochar increased vitamin C and total phenols in tomato (22 and 27 µg g−1 fresh fruits, respectively) when compared to SS alone (11µg g−1 fresh fruits). Growers and scientists are seeking strategies to increase antioxidants and reduce anti-nutritional compounds, like nitrates in food, while recycling animal waste. The results of this investigation revealed the role of biochar in reducing nitrates and optimizing the nutritional composition of tomato.

ACS Style

George Antonious; Eric Turley; Mohammad Dawood. Ascorbic Acid, Sugars, Phenols, and Nitrates Concentrations in Tomato Grown in Animal Manure Amended Soil. Agriculture 2019, 9, 94 .

AMA Style

George Antonious, Eric Turley, Mohammad Dawood. Ascorbic Acid, Sugars, Phenols, and Nitrates Concentrations in Tomato Grown in Animal Manure Amended Soil. Agriculture. 2019; 9 (5):94.

Chicago/Turabian Style

George Antonious; Eric Turley; Mohammad Dawood. 2019. "Ascorbic Acid, Sugars, Phenols, and Nitrates Concentrations in Tomato Grown in Animal Manure Amended Soil." Agriculture 9, no. 5: 94.

Articles
Published: 12 April 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Health Research
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A field experiment was conducted with native soil; sewage sludge (SS); horse manure (HM); chicken manure (CM); vermicompost, organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer mixed with the native soil. The soil in each of the seven treatments was also mixed with biochar and planted with eggplant. Eggplant fruits were analyzed for vitamin C, total phenols, and soluble sugars. The number and weight of fruits obtained from inorganic treatments were not significantly different from those obtained from organic fertilizer. Concentrations of total phenols were greatest (28 µg g−1 fresh fruits) in fruits of plants grown in vermicompost mixed with biochar compared to SS and HM amendments. Vitamin C was greatest (265 µg g−1 fresh fruits) in fruits of plants grown in soil amended with biochar compared to all other amendments. Plants grown in CM amended soil were 62% and 67% greater in size compared to plants grown in SS-biochar or vermicompost-biochar amended soil, respectively.

ACS Style

George Fouad Antonious; Eric Turley; Bijesh Mishra; Quinn Heist; Yogendra Upadhyaya; Thomas Trivette; Lusekelo Nkuwi. Characterization of eggplant grown in animal manure amended soil. International Journal of Environmental Health Research 2019, 30, 492 -503.

AMA Style

George Fouad Antonious, Eric Turley, Bijesh Mishra, Quinn Heist, Yogendra Upadhyaya, Thomas Trivette, Lusekelo Nkuwi. Characterization of eggplant grown in animal manure amended soil. International Journal of Environmental Health Research. 2019; 30 (5):492-503.

Chicago/Turabian Style

George Fouad Antonious; Eric Turley; Bijesh Mishra; Quinn Heist; Yogendra Upadhyaya; Thomas Trivette; Lusekelo Nkuwi. 2019. "Characterization of eggplant grown in animal manure amended soil." International Journal of Environmental Health Research 30, no. 5: 492-503.

Book chapter
Published: 29 August 2018 in Agricultural Waste and Residues
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ACS Style

George F. Antonious. Biochar and Animal Manure Impact on Soil, Crop Yield and Quality. Agricultural Waste and Residues 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

George F. Antonious. Biochar and Animal Manure Impact on Soil, Crop Yield and Quality. Agricultural Waste and Residues. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

George F. Antonious. 2018. "Biochar and Animal Manure Impact on Soil, Crop Yield and Quality." Agricultural Waste and Residues , no. : 1.

Book chapter
Published: 01 August 2018 in Capsaicin and its Human Therapeutic Development
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ACS Style

George F. Antonious. Capsaicinoids and Vitamins in Hot Pepper and Their Role in Disease Therapy. Capsaicin and its Human Therapeutic Development 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

George F. Antonious. Capsaicinoids and Vitamins in Hot Pepper and Their Role in Disease Therapy. Capsaicin and its Human Therapeutic Development. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

George F. Antonious. 2018. "Capsaicinoids and Vitamins in Hot Pepper and Their Role in Disease Therapy." Capsaicin and its Human Therapeutic Development , no. : 1.

Articles
Published: 29 March 2017 in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B
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Two plant species, arugula (Eruca sativa) and mustard (Brassica juncea) were field-grown under four soil management practices: soil mixed with municipal sewage sludge (SS), soil mixed with horse manure (HM), soil mixed with chicken manure (CM), and no-mulch bare soil (NM) to investigate the impact of soil amendments on the concentration of glucosinolates (GSLs) in their shoots. GSLs, hydrophilic plant secondary metabolites in arugula and mustard were extracted using boiling methanol and separated by adsorption on sephadex ion exchange disposable pipette tips filled with DEAE, a weak base, with a net positive charge that exchange anions such as GSLs. Quantification of GSLs was based on inactivation of arugula and mustard myrosinase and liberation of the glucose moiety from the GSLs molecule by addition of standardized myrosinase (thioglucosidase) and spectrophotometric quantification of the liberated glucose moiety. Overall, GSLs concentrations were significantly greater (1287 µg g(-1) fresh shoots) in plants grown in SS compared to 929, 890, and 981 µg g(-1) fresh shoots in plants grown in CM, HM, and NM soil, respectively. Results also revealed that mustard shoots contained greater concentrations of GSLs (974 µg g(-1) fresh shoots) compared to arugula (651 µg g(-1) fresh shoots).

ACS Style

George F. Antonious; Eric Turley; Alexander Antonious; Thomas Trivette. Emerging technology for increasing glucosinolates in arugula and mustard greens. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 2017, 52, 466 -469.

AMA Style

George F. Antonious, Eric Turley, Alexander Antonious, Thomas Trivette. Emerging technology for increasing glucosinolates in arugula and mustard greens. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B. 2017; 52 (7):466-469.

Chicago/Turabian Style

George F. Antonious; Eric Turley; Alexander Antonious; Thomas Trivette. 2017. "Emerging technology for increasing glucosinolates in arugula and mustard greens." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 52, no. 7: 466-469.

Articles
Published: 12 January 2017 in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B
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The persistence and fate of chlorpyrifos and its two metabolites, chlorpyrifos-oxon and the 3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) break-down product were investigated on kale and collard leaves under field conditions. A simultaneous extraction and quantification procedure was developed for chrorpyrifos and its two main metabolites. Residues of chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos oxon, and TCP were determined using a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with an electron capture detector (GC/ECD). Chlorpyrifos metabolites were detectable up to 23 days following application. Residues were confirmed using a GC equipped with a mass selective detector (GC/MSD) in total ion mode. Initial residues of chlorpyrifos were greater on collard (14.5 µg g(-1)) than kale (8.2 µg g(-1)) corresponding to half-lives (T1/2) values of 7.4 and 2.2 days, respectively. TCP, the hydrolysis product, was more persistent on collards with an estimated T1/2 of 6.5 days compared to kale (T1/2 of 1.9 days).

ACS Style

George F. Antonious; Eric T. Turley; Mutari Abubakari; John C. Snyder. Dissipation, half-lives, and mass spectrometric identification of chlorpyrifos and its two metabolites on field-grown collard and kale. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 2017, 52, 1 -5.

AMA Style

George F. Antonious, Eric T. Turley, Mutari Abubakari, John C. Snyder. Dissipation, half-lives, and mass spectrometric identification of chlorpyrifos and its two metabolites on field-grown collard and kale. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B. 2017; 52 (4):1-5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

George F. Antonious; Eric T. Turley; Mutari Abubakari; John C. Snyder. 2017. "Dissipation, half-lives, and mass spectrometric identification of chlorpyrifos and its two metabolites on field-grown collard and kale." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 52, no. 4: 1-5.

Book chapter
Published: 30 June 2016 in Organic Fertilizers - From Basic Concepts to Applied Outcomes
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ACS Style

George F. Antonious. Soil Amendments for Agricultural Production. Organic Fertilizers - From Basic Concepts to Applied Outcomes 2016, 1 .

AMA Style

George F. Antonious. Soil Amendments for Agricultural Production. Organic Fertilizers - From Basic Concepts to Applied Outcomes. 2016; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

George F. Antonious. 2016. "Soil Amendments for Agricultural Production." Organic Fertilizers - From Basic Concepts to Applied Outcomes , no. : 1.

Comparative study
Published: 01 February 2016 in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B
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The main objective of this investigation was to monitor concentrations of seven metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, Mo, Cu, Zn, and Cr) in the fruits, leaves, stem, and roots of Capsicum annuum L. (cv. Xcatic) plants grown under four soil management practices: yard waste (YW), sewage sludge (SS), chicken manure (CM), and no-much (NM) bare soil. Elemental analyses were conducted using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Pb and Cd concentrations in soil amended with YW, SS, and CM were not significantly different (P < 0.05) compared to NM soil, whereas Mo and Cu concentrations were significantly greater in YW compared to SS, CM, and NM treatments. Concentrations of Cd in the fruits of plants grown in NM soil were greater compared to the fruits of plants grown in other treatments. Total Ni concentration (sum of Ni in all plant parts) in plants grown in NM bare soil was greater than in plants grown in SS-, YW-, and CM-amended soils. Values of the bioaccumulation factor indicated that pepper fruits of plants grown in YW, SS, and CM did not show any tendency to accumulate Pb, Cr, and Ni in their edible fruits.

ACS Style

George F. Antonious. Distribution of seven heavy metals among hot pepper plant parts. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 2016, 51, 309 -315.

AMA Style

George F. Antonious. Distribution of seven heavy metals among hot pepper plant parts. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B. 2016; 51 (5):309-315.

Chicago/Turabian Style

George F. Antonious. 2016. "Distribution of seven heavy metals among hot pepper plant parts." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 51, no. 5: 309-315.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in International Journal of Waste Resources
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Recycling animal manure could be explored in agricultural production for growing vegetable crops to reduce dependence on inorganic fertilizers. Arugula (Eruca sative) and mustard (Brassica juncea) were grown in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) under four soil management practices: 1) control (no-mulch untreated soil); 2) sewage sludge; 3) horse manure; and 4) chicken manure. Sewage sludge compost elevated soil urease and invertase activities indicating increased soil microbial activities. Total soil enzyme activities were significantly (P < 0.05) greater in sewage sludge amended soil compared to no-mulch native soil. It could be concluded that sewage sludge and chicken manure increased soil fertility and the activities of soil urease and invertase could be used as an indicator of soil biological activity after addition of soil amendments. This investigation revealed that soil incorporated with sewage sludge or horse manure promoted biomass production of arugula and mustard by 26 and 21%, respectively compared to no-mulch bare soil. Future trends in agricultural production should make a good use of natural resources to reduce dependence on synthetic fertilizers.

ACS Style

George F Antonious. Recycling Organic Waste for Enhancing Soil Urease and Invertase Activity. International Journal of Waste Resources 2016, 6, 1 .

AMA Style

George F Antonious. Recycling Organic Waste for Enhancing Soil Urease and Invertase Activity. International Journal of Waste Resources. 2016; 6 (2):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

George F Antonious. 2016. "Recycling Organic Waste for Enhancing Soil Urease and Invertase Activity." International Journal of Waste Resources 6, no. 2: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology
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Crude extracts from the leaves of the wild tomato, Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum accession PI 134417 possess a pestresistance mechanism in their glandular trichomes (plant hairs) and the exudates they produce due to the presence of a mixture of methyl ketones (MKs) that has insecticidal and acaricidal properties. Type IV and VI glandular trichomes on the leaves of PI 134417 grown under greenhouse conditions were counted. Major volatile oils from glandular leaf trichomes were extracted, purified, and quantified using gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The main objectives of this investigation were to: 1) monitor seasonal glandular trichomes density on PI 134417 for mass production of MKs and 2) prepare a simplified formulation of MKs for potential use of PI 134417 leaf extracts, which could become a valuable source of natural products, in plant protection against spider mites and cowpea aphids. Type IV and type VI trichomes were greatest (P<0.05) in September and October (97 and 238 trichomes mm-2), respectively. Quantification of MKs in emulsified extracts of PI 134417 revealed the dominance of 2-tridecanone (the 13-carbon methyl ketone) compared to other MKs (2-undecanone, 2-dodecanone, and 2-pentadecanone) on the leaf surface. Crude leaf extracts of PI 134417 prepared in water caused 33 and 22% mortality, whereas, water extracts containing 1% Alkamuls (an organic emulsifier) caused 93 and 82% mortality of spider mites and cowpea aphis, respectively, 1 d after exposure.

ACS Style

George F Antonious. Exploring Wild Tomato Leaf Extracts in Pesticide Formulations. Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology 2016, 6, 1 .

AMA Style

George F Antonious. Exploring Wild Tomato Leaf Extracts in Pesticide Formulations. Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology. 2016; 6 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

George F Antonious. 2016. "Exploring Wild Tomato Leaf Extracts in Pesticide Formulations." Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology 6, no. 1: 1.

Articles
Published: 21 May 2015 in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B
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Five Capsicum accessions (PI 435916 and PI 438614 from Capsicum chinense; PI 370004 and Grif 9354 from C. baccatum and PI 438649 from C. annuum) were selected from the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Capsicum germplasm collection to study the impact of four soil management practices: yard waste (YW), sewage sludge (SS), chicken manure (CM) and no-mulch (NM) bare soil on fruit concentrations of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, yield, plant size and mature fruit characteristics (fruit weight, length, width, and wall-thickness) of plants grown under these practices. Regardless of soil treatments, PI 438614 and PI 435916 contained the greatest concentrations of total capsaicinoids (capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin). Fruits of plants grown in soil mixed with SS contained the greatest concentrations of total capsaicinoids. Fruits of plants grown in SS or CM contained the greatest fruit weight. PI 438649 produced the greatest fruit weight, length and wall-thickness. The total marketable yield expressed as weight of fruit plants was significantly higher in soils mixed with SS and CM compared to those mixed with YW and NM soils.

ACS Style

George F. Antonious. Elevating concentrations of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in hot peppers using recycled waste. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 2015, 50, 523 -532.

AMA Style

George F. Antonious. Elevating concentrations of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in hot peppers using recycled waste. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B. 2015; 50 (7):523-532.

Chicago/Turabian Style

George F. Antonious. 2015. "Elevating concentrations of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in hot peppers using recycled waste." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 50, no. 7: 523-532.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2015 in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B
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Glandular trichomes on the leaves of wild tomato, Lycopersicon hirsutum f. hirsutum Mull, also known as Solanum habrochaites (Solanaceae) synthesize and accumulate high levels of methyl ketones (MKs). The potential of using MKs as alternatives to synthetic acaricides for controlling the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is explored in this study. Plants of L. hirsutum accession LA 407 having high concentrations of MKs were grown from seeds under greenhouse conditions. The main objective of this investigation was to conduct bioassays that are quick and easy to implement, consistent over time (repeatable) with the ability to utilize small amounts of test material for testing repellency and fecundity (number of eggs laid by a female mite) of MKs in pure forms and in LA 407 crude extracts. Four MKs (2-tridecanone, 2-undecanone, 2-dodecanone, 2-pentadecanone) and their mixture were screened for their repellency and ability to alter fecundity of spider mites. All MKs repelled spider mites at the two periods tested. Following spraying of tomato leaf extracts prepared in ethanol (ethanol extracts), average number of eggs laid per female mite on bean leaf discs dropped from 0.8 to 0.3 and from 0.9 to 0.3 at 4 and 24 h after exposure representing 65 and 68% reduction, respectively. However, spraying of tomato leaf extracts prepared in water (water extracts) reduced number of eggs laid per female mite from 1.7 to 0.7 and from 2.6 to 0.9 at 4 and 24 h after exposure representing 60 and 67% reduction, respectively. We concluded that all MKs have repellent and egg laying deterrence activities against spider mites. This investigation suggests that ethanol and water extracts of LA 407 have a potential for repelling female spider mites and reducing their laid eggs which might be explored under field conditions for managing populations of spider mites, which could reduce reliance on synthetic acaricides.

ACS Style

George F Antonious; John C Snyder. Repellency and oviposition deterrence of wild tomato leaf extracts to spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 2015, 50, 1 .

AMA Style

George F Antonious, John C Snyder. Repellency and oviposition deterrence of wild tomato leaf extracts to spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B. 2015; 50 (9):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

George F Antonious; John C Snyder. 2015. "Repellency and oviposition deterrence of wild tomato leaf extracts to spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 50, no. 9: 1.

Comparative study
Published: 28 July 2014 in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B
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Peppers, a significant component of the human diet in many regions of the world, provide vitamins A (β-carotene) and C, and are also a source of many other antioxidants such as capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and phenols. Enhancing the concentration of antioxidants in plants grown in soil amended with recycled waste has not been completely investigated. Changes in pepper antioxidant content in relation to soil amendments and fruit development were investigated. The main objectives of this investigation were to: (i) quantify concentrations of capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, β-carotene, ascorbic acid, phenols, and soluble sugars in the fruits of Capsicum annuum L. (cv. Xcatic) grown under four soil management practices: yard waste (YW), sewage sludge (SS), chicken manure (CM), and no-much (NM) bare soil and (ii) monitor antioxidant concentrations in fruits of plants grown under these practices and during fruit ripening from green into red mature fruits. Total marketable pepper yield was increased by 34% and 15% in SS and CM treatments, respectively, compared to NM bare soil; whereas, the number of culls (fruits that fail to meet the requirements of foregoing grades) was lower in YW compared to SS and CM treatments. Regardless of fruit color, pepper fruits from YW amended soil contained the greatest concentrations of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin. When different colored pepper fruits (green, yellow, orange, and red) were analyzed, orange and red contained the greatest β-carotene and sugar contents; whereas, green fruits contained the greatest concentrations of total phenols and ascorbic acid.

ACS Style

George F. Antonious. Impact of soil management practices on yield, fruit quality, and antioxidant contents of pepper at four stages of fruit development. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 2014, 49, 769 -774.

AMA Style

George F. Antonious. Impact of soil management practices on yield, fruit quality, and antioxidant contents of pepper at four stages of fruit development. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B. 2014; 49 (10):769-774.

Chicago/Turabian Style

George F. Antonious. 2014. "Impact of soil management practices on yield, fruit quality, and antioxidant contents of pepper at four stages of fruit development." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 49, no. 10: 769-774.

Articles
Published: 09 May 2014 in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B
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Glandular trichomes on the leaves of wild tomato, L. hirsutum f. hirsutum Mull, also known as Solanum habrochaites (Solanaceae), synthesize and accumulate high levels of methyl ketones (MKs). L. hirsutum accession LA 407, having high concentration of MKs, was grown from seeds under greenhouse conditions. Four MKs (2-undecanone, 2-dodecanone, 2-tridecanone, and 2-pentadecanone) were screened for their toxicity to spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch and cowpea aphids, Aphis craccivora Koch. The objectives of this investigation were to: (1) develop a bioassay for testing MKs on spider mite and cowpea aphid mortality and (2) compare the efficacies of wild tomato leaf crude extracts and pure standard materials of MKs against spider mite and cowpea aphid mortality. Our results revealed that spider mites are most sensitive to 2-tridecanone (LC50 = 0.08 μmole cm−2 of treated leaf surface) and least sensitive to 2-undecanone (LC50 = 1.5 μmole cm−2 of treated leaf surface) 4 h after treatment. Similarly, 2-tridecanone caused greatest mortality (LC50 = 0.2 μmole cm−2 of treated leaf surface), whereas 2-undecanone caused the lowest morality (LC50 = 0.48 μmole cm−2 of treated surface) of cowpea aphid. We concluded that all MKs tested in this investigation are toxic to spider mites and aphids. 2-Tridecanone is more effective in killing mites and aphids compared to other MKs. Toxicity of crude extracts, prepared from the leaves of L. hirsutum accession LA 407, to spider mites and cowpea aphids revealed greater mortality compared to a combined mixture of MKs standard material (used at the same concentration as found on LA 407 leaves). This indicates that in addition to MKs, other unidentified compounds in LA 407 leaf extract also have pesticidal properties. Accordingly, leaf extracts of LA 407 could be explored in crop protection, and they might open a new area of MK formulations and discovery of biorational alternatives for pest control in agricultural fields.

ACS Style

George F. Antonious; Katherine Kamminga; John C. Snyder. Wild tomato leaf extracts for spider mite and cowpea aphid control. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 2014, 49, 527 -531.

AMA Style

George F. Antonious, Katherine Kamminga, John C. Snyder. Wild tomato leaf extracts for spider mite and cowpea aphid control. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B. 2014; 49 (7):527-531.

Chicago/Turabian Style

George F. Antonious; Katherine Kamminga; John C. Snyder. 2014. "Wild tomato leaf extracts for spider mite and cowpea aphid control." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 49, no. 7: 527-531.

Original articles
Published: 12 March 2014 in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B
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The retention and behavior of two herbicides, metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-4, 5-dihydro-3-methylthio-1, 2, 4-triazin-5-one] and DCPA [1, 4-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 2, 3, 5, 6-tetrachloro-, dimethyl] ester, in runoff and seepage water from agricultural fields were investigated. The objectives of this investigation were to: (i) determine the dissipation and half-life (T 1/2) of metribuzin and DCPA herbicides in soil under three management practices: chicken manure (CM), sewage sludge (SS), and no-mulch native soil (NM); (ii) monitor herbicides residues in runoff and infiltration water following addition of soil amendments; and (iii) determine the impact of soil amendments on the transport of NO3, NH4, and PO4 from soil into surface and subsurface water. Half-life (T 1/2) values of metribuzin were 24, 18, and 12 d in CM, SS, and NM treatments, respectively. Similarly, T 1/2 values of DCPA were greater in CM and SS incorporated soil (45.8 and 52.2 d, respectively) compared to NM native soil (26.2 d). Addition of CM and SS to native agricultural soil increased water infiltration, lowering runoff water volume and herbicide residues in runoff following natural rainfall events. We concluded that soil amendments could be used to intercept pesticide-contaminated runoff from agricultural fields. This practice might provide a potential solution to pesticide contamination of surface and seepage water from farmlands.

ACS Style

George F. Antonious; Eric T. Turley; Regina R. Hill. Impact of soil amendments on metribuzin and DCPA half-lives and mobility into agricultural runoff water. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 2014, 49, 313 -323.

AMA Style

George F. Antonious, Eric T. Turley, Regina R. Hill. Impact of soil amendments on metribuzin and DCPA half-lives and mobility into agricultural runoff water. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B. 2014; 49 (5):313-323.

Chicago/Turabian Style

George F. Antonious; Eric T. Turley; Regina R. Hill. 2014. "Impact of soil amendments on metribuzin and DCPA half-lives and mobility into agricultural runoff water." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 49, no. 5: 313-323.

Original articles
Published: 12 March 2014 in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B
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Composting and land application of municipal sewage sludge (SS) and yard waste (YW) compost are increasingly popular ways for using organic waste as a source of organic matter, while decreasing the amount of waste being diverted into landfills. Researchers have largely ignored the effect of SS and SS mixed with YW (SS+YW) compost on the antioxidant contents of vegetables grown under this practice. Accordingly, the main objective of this investigation was to monitor the impact of SS and SS+YW on the nutritional composition of pepper and melon fruits at harvest. Total phenols and ascorbic acid contents of pepper and melons (determined by the Folin-Ciocalteau and the dichlorophenol–indophenol methods, respectively) were greater in pepper than melon fruits. Soil amended with SS or SS+YW significantly elevated the concentrations of ascorbic acid and total phenols in melon fruits compared to no-mulch native soil. The application of SS did not modify the concentration of β-carotene in melon fruits at three harvests. Regardless of soil treatments, ascorbic acid and total phenols concentrations were greater in melon fruits collected at the first harvest compared to harvest three. Pepper fruits collected at harvest three contained the greatest concentrations of ascorbic acid and total phenols; whereas, pepper fruits collected at the second harvest contained the greatest concentrations of soluble sugars.

ACS Style

George F. Antonious; Eric T. Turley; Regina R. Hill. Antioxidant contents of bell pepper and melon fruits grown in soil amended with recycled waste. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 2014, 49, 361 -365.

AMA Style

George F. Antonious, Eric T. Turley, Regina R. Hill. Antioxidant contents of bell pepper and melon fruits grown in soil amended with recycled waste. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B. 2014; 49 (5):361-365.

Chicago/Turabian Style

George F. Antonious; Eric T. Turley; Regina R. Hill. 2014. "Antioxidant contents of bell pepper and melon fruits grown in soil amended with recycled waste." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 49, no. 5: 361-365.

Evaluation study
Published: 06 February 2014 in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B
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Organic matter and nutrients in municipal sewage sludge (SS) and chicken manure (CM) could be recycled and used for land farming to enhance fertility and physical properties of soils. Three soil management practices were used at Kentucky State University Research Farm, Franklin County, to study the impact of soil amendments on kale (Brassica oleracea cv. Winterbar) and collard (Brassica oleracea cv. Top Bunch) yields and quality. The three soil management practices were: (i) SS mixed with native soil at 15 t acre(-1), (ii) CM mixed with native soil at 15 t acre(-1), and (iii) no-mulch (NM) native soil for comparison purposes. At harvest, collard and kale green plants were graded according to USDA standards. Plants grown in CM and SS amended soil produced the greatest number of U.S. No. 1 grade of collard and kale greens compared to NM native soil. Across all treatments, concentrations of ascorbic acid and phenols were generally greater in kale than in collards. Overall, CM and SS enhanced total phenols and ascorbic acid contents of kale and collard compared to NM native soil. We investigated the chemical and physical properties of each of the three soil treatments that might explain variability among treatments and the impact of soil amendments on yield, phenols, and ascorbic acid contents of kale and collard green grown under this practice.

ACS Style

George F. Antonious; Eric T. Turley; Regina R. Hill; John C. Snyder. Chicken manure enhanced yield and quality of field-grown kale and collard greens. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 2014, 49, 299 -304.

AMA Style

George F. Antonious, Eric T. Turley, Regina R. Hill, John C. Snyder. Chicken manure enhanced yield and quality of field-grown kale and collard greens. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B. 2014; 49 (4):299-304.

Chicago/Turabian Style

George F. Antonious; Eric T. Turley; Regina R. Hill; John C. Snyder. 2014. "Chicken manure enhanced yield and quality of field-grown kale and collard greens." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 49, no. 4: 299-304.

Articles
Published: 01 February 2013 in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B
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A field study was conducted to investigate the impact of soil amendments on concentrations of two volatile organic compounds, 2-undecanone and 2-tridecanone, in onion bulbs. The soil in five plots was mixed with sewage sludge, five plots were mixed with yard waste compost, five plots were mixed with laying hen manure each at 15 t acre(-1), and five unamended plots that never received soil amendments were used for comparison purposes. Plots (n = 20) were planted with onion, Allium cepa L. var. Super Star-F1 bulbs. Gas chromatographic/mass spetrometric (GC/MS) analyses of mature onion bulbs crude extracts revealed the presence of two major fragment ions that correspond to 2-undecanone and 2-tridecanone. Soil amended with yard waste compost enhanced 2-undecanone and 2-tridecanone production by 31 and 59%, respectively. Soil amended with chicken manure enhanced 2-undecanone and 2-tridecanone production by 28 and 43%, respectively. Concentrations of 2-undecanone and 2-tridecanone were lowest in onion bulbs of plants grown in sewage sludge and unamended soil, respectively. The increased concentrations of 2-undecanone and 2-tridecanone in onion bulbs may provide a protective character against insect and spider mite attack in field grown onions.

ACS Style

George F. Antonious. 2-Undecanone and 2-tridecanone in field-grown onion. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 2013, 48, 302 -307.

AMA Style

George F. Antonious. 2-Undecanone and 2-tridecanone in field-grown onion. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B. 2013; 48 (4):302-307.

Chicago/Turabian Style

George F. Antonious. 2013. "2-Undecanone and 2-tridecanone in field-grown onion." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 48, no. 4: 302-307.

Articles
Published: 28 January 2013 in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B
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ACS Style

George F. Antonious; Maifan R. Silitonga; Teferi D. Tsegaye; Jason M. Unrine; Timothy Coolong; John C. Snyder. Elevated concentrations of trace elements in soil do not necessarily reflect metals available to plants. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 2013, 48, 219 -225.

AMA Style

George F. Antonious, Maifan R. Silitonga, Teferi D. Tsegaye, Jason M. Unrine, Timothy Coolong, John C. Snyder. Elevated concentrations of trace elements in soil do not necessarily reflect metals available to plants. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B. 2013; 48 (3):219-225.

Chicago/Turabian Style

George F. Antonious; Maifan R. Silitonga; Teferi D. Tsegaye; Jason M. Unrine; Timothy Coolong; John C. Snyder. 2013. "Elevated concentrations of trace elements in soil do not necessarily reflect metals available to plants." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 48, no. 3: 219-225.