The civil war in Syria resulted in the displacement of 5.7 million civilians between 2011 and 2018. Approximately four million of these civilians started to live in Turkey as refugees trying to integrate themselves into the labor market. The present research is a case study regarding the obstacles faced by Syrian refugee women’s access to the labor market in Şanlıurfa, Turkey. To this end, a survey was carried out on a population of 341 migrants under a temporary protection regime comprising 207 women. The results obtained indicate numerous problems and show the needs of Syrian women. For example, Turkish language fluency and low education and skill levels are among the largest barriers for employment. Moreover, the opacity of bureaucratic procedures and non-computerized work permit applications are shown to be another slowing factor in this process. Compared with their home countries, Syrian women are more active in Turkey. However, a majority is involved in precarious and seasonal jobs. The problems of childcare and the feudal (male-dominated) nature of many homes deter Syrian women from contributing economically, and despite being a generally young population, most hold seasonal jobs, which leave little opportunity for career development. It is recommended that, to overcome structural barriers in accessing the labor market, Syrian refugee women need long-term training rather than restrictive policies.

Predicting a sustainable food safety policy for the near future is among Turkey's priority problems. In this context, this study aims to predict Turkey's sustainable food safety policies. For this reason, the system dynamics model, which is a dynamic cycle-based method with stock and flow diagrams, is used in this paper. This study supposed the six different scenarios for 2020 and 2050. Data were selected as population, productivity rate, arable land fertility rate, and annual food consumption (per capita). The purpose of creating these scenarios; To determine the most appropriate policy to ensure food safety in Turkey. In the first scenario, we assumed that the current situation continues. In the second scenario, the average productivity rate was increased by 1.5%. The third scenario assumes that annual per capita food consumption rises to 1.2 tonnes per year. In the fourth scenario, the total fertility rate is accelerated by 2%. In the fifth scenario, we assumed that the arable land loss rate decreased by 1/3. Finally, we assumed that the sixth scenario covers all the second, third, fourth, and fifth scenarios and that 2 points reduce food losses. In conclusion, the findings show that food security responds positively in scenarios 2 and 6. However, in other scenarios, food security is negatively affected. The findings show that the sixth scenario is the best-case scenario. To ensure food security, it is necessary to reduce arable land losses and food waste. Training farmers and control of the food supply chain will be beneficial for sustainable food security in Turkey. We recommend that policymakers consider these recommendations.

This study's main objective is making contribution to cover in methodical gap in literature arises from “trading state” perspective about transformation of Turkish foreign policy during last periods. The question about how much does this transformation make Turkish state structure similar to “trading state” model is answered by evaluating macro economical governance approach and transformations at foreign policy making area simultaneously. Firstly, theoretical introduction about “trading state” concept and its relations with foreign policy will be mentioned. Then, historical transformation line of Turkey's political economy after 1980's will be evaluated due to both economic growth and human-social development aspects particularly and opportunities and threats created by this historical background to “trading state” will be mentioned. After that, increase at interaction of macro and micro economic policy making and foreign policy process will be underlined and general evaluation of both policies during last years of AK Party government will be done. At the last chapter, four axis (from inflationary interventionism to sustainable growth; from macro-economic governance to micro economic governance, from extensive interventionism to strategically aiming; from welfare state to efficiency) mentioned at “trading state” literature and an extra axis added to theoretical frame – foreign policy axis (from geostrategic and security to economical competition) will be evaluated by its all details related with how much Turkey can be a “trading state” with global vision.

Amaç: Bu çalışma Türkiye’nin de aralarında bulunduğu on beş gelişmekte olan ülkenin sağlık harcama etkinliğini ölçmeyi amaçlamaktadır.Yöntem: Çalışmada Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) tabanlı Malmquist İndeksi (Mİ) yöntemi kullanılmış ve gelişmekte olan on beş ülke karar verme birimi (KVB) olarak belirlenmiştir. Analizlerde belirlenen 5 girdi ve 2 çıktının, 2000-2018 dönemine ait verileri kullanılmıştır. KVB’lere ait veriler DEA Solver LV(v8) Excel uzantısı kullanılarak çözümlenmiştir.Bulgular: Mİ analizi sonuçlarına göre gelişmekte olan on beş ülkenin yaklaşık %50’sinin Toplam Faktör Verimlilik Değişimi (TFVD) değerinde artış elde ederek bu ülkelerin sağlık harcamalarında etkin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. TFVD değerinde ilk 3 sırada yer alan ülkeler Brezilya, Türkiye ve Mısır olarak belirlenmiştir.Özgünlük: Bu çalışmanın diğer çalışmalardan birinci farkı Türkiye’nin gelişmekte olan ülkelerle sağlık harcamalarının etkinliğinin kıyaslanmasında VZA tabanlı Mİ yönteminin kullanılmasıdır. İkinci önemli farkı ise VZA ve Mİ yönteminin kullanıldığı diğer çalışmalara göre analiz döneminin (19 yıl) oldukça uzun olmasıdır.

İstanbul Üniversitesi | Tarihten Geleceğe Bilim Köprüsü - 1453

Purpose: This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of environmental efficiency in the aviation industry, focusing on 19 global airline companies employing diverse business models. Methodology: Utilizing Data Envelopment Analysis for 2017 to 2022, the research quantifies efficiency levels based on input and output variables, including Fuel Consumption, Revenue Passenger Kilometers, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Total Income. Findings: Noteworthy findings reveal that Alaska Airlines (VRS=1), Lufthansa (VRS=1), Spirit Airlines (VRS=1), and Delta Air Lines (VRS=1) consistently operated at the environmental efficiency frontier, showcasing a proportional relationship between input and output values. Originality: The dynamic nature of the aviation industry, coupled with the economic implications of environmental initiatives, necessitates a nuanced understanding of airlines' sustainability efforts. Policymakers are urged to consider measures such as the effective introduction of Sustainable Aviation Fuels and large-scale strategies to reduce aviation-related greenhouse gas emissions.