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Prof. Failler is the Director of the Centre for Blue Governance. He holds a PhD in Economics, an MSc in Economics of Marine Resources and a Master in Philosophy. He is coordinating complex research projects with multidisciplinary teams for more than 25 years in Europe, Africa, Asia, Caribbean and Pacific coastal countries (more than 40 to date) in collaboration with national research institutions and universities and a close link with policy bodies. He has recently coordinated the Blue Economy Strategy for the African Union, the Regional Action Plan for the Blue Economy of the Indian Ocean Commission, the Blue Economy Strategy of the Intergovernmental Authority for development (IGAD) as well as the Blue Economy Strategy for the Bangladesh. He has authored and co-authored about 350 journal articles, book chapters, research reports, consultancy reports, etc. He is also a Scientific evaluator for several research councils in UK, Europe, North America, Africa and Asia.
Corporate environmental responsibility (CER) is an important component of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) report, and an important carrier for enterprises to disclose environmental protection information. Based on the corporate micro data, this paper evaluates the effect of a mandatory CSR disclosure policy on the fulfillment of corporate environmental responsibility by adopting the difference-in-differences model (DID) with the release of a mandatory disclosure policy of China in 2008 as a quasi-natural experiment. The study draws the following conclusions: First, a mandatory CSR disclosure policy can promote the fulfillment of CER. Second, after the implementation of a mandatory CSR disclosure policy, enterprises can improve their CER level through two channels: improving the quality of environmental management disclosure and increasing the number of patents. Third, the heterogeneity of the impacts of mandatory CSR disclosure on CER is reflected in three aspects: different CER levels, different corporate scales and a different property rights structure. In terms of the CER level, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the CER level and mandatory CSR disclosure effect. In terms of the corporate scale, mandatory disclosure of CSR plays a greater role in large-scale enterprises. In terms of the structure of property rights, mandatory CSR disclosure has a greater effect on non-state-owned enterprises.
Yue Liu; Pierre Failler; Liming Chen. Can Mandatory Disclosure Policies Promote Corporate Environmental Responsibility?—Quasi-Natural Experimental Research on China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 6033 .
AMA StyleYue Liu, Pierre Failler, Liming Chen. Can Mandatory Disclosure Policies Promote Corporate Environmental Responsibility?—Quasi-Natural Experimental Research on China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (11):6033.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYue Liu; Pierre Failler; Liming Chen. 2021. "Can Mandatory Disclosure Policies Promote Corporate Environmental Responsibility?—Quasi-Natural Experimental Research on China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11: 6033.
The energy trade is an important pillar of each country’s development, making up for the imbalance in the production and consumption of fossil fuels. Geopolitical risks affect the energy trade of various countries to a certain extent, but the causes of geopolitical risks are complex, and energy trade also involves many aspects, so the impact of geopolitics on energy trade is also complex. Based on the monthly data from 2000 to 2020 of 17 emerging economies, this paper employs the fixed-effect model and the regression-discontinuity (RD) model to verify the negative impact of geopolitics on energy trade first and then analyze the mechanism and heterogeneity of the impact. The following conclusions are drawn: First, geopolitics has a significant negative impact on the import and export of the energy trade, and the inhibition on the export is greater than that on the import. Second, the impact mechanism of geopolitics on the energy trade is reflected in the lagging effect and mediating effect on the imports and exports; that is, the negative impact of geopolitics on energy trade continued to be significant 10 months later. Coal and crude oil prices, as mediating variables, decreased to reduce the imports and exports, whereas natural gas prices showed an increase. Third, the impact of geopolitics on energy trade is heterogeneous in terms of national attribute characteristics and geo-event types.
Fen Li; Cunyi Yang; Zhenghui Li; Pierre Failler. Does Geopolitics Have an Impact on Energy Trade? Empirical Research on Emerging Countries. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5199 .
AMA StyleFen Li, Cunyi Yang, Zhenghui Li, Pierre Failler. Does Geopolitics Have an Impact on Energy Trade? Empirical Research on Emerging Countries. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):5199.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFen Li; Cunyi Yang; Zhenghui Li; Pierre Failler. 2021. "Does Geopolitics Have an Impact on Energy Trade? Empirical Research on Emerging Countries." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 5199.
Although many legal instruments have been adopted at the international and European Union levels to conserve biodiversity, continued degradation calls for reflections on their national and local implementation. The article examines biodiversity policy implementation in the outermost European region of Canary Islands, a Spanish archipelago rich in biodiversity. In particular it focuses on the policy uptake of new concepts. It deals with the valuation and integration of the services provided by nature into decision-making, and the application of policy measures based on the use of the planet’s natural assets. The article also analyses the challenges encountered in such institutional change. The concepts of ecosystem services and nature-based solutions are relatively new in the scientific literature and almost absent in policy literature. This article aims to stress the relevance of these concepts for the development of more innovative policies that bring nature and its services into decision-making and policy practice.
Gianluca Ferraro; Pierre Failler. Bringing nature into decision-making and policy design. Experiences from overseas Europe. Policy Design and Practice 2021, 1 -20.
AMA StyleGianluca Ferraro, Pierre Failler. Bringing nature into decision-making and policy design. Experiences from overseas Europe. Policy Design and Practice. 2021; ():1-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGianluca Ferraro; Pierre Failler. 2021. "Bringing nature into decision-making and policy design. Experiences from overseas Europe." Policy Design and Practice , no. : 1-20.
The dynamic of the world’s crude oil market has drastically changed over the last decade
Pierre Failler. Special Issue on Global Market for Crude Oil. Energies 2021, 14, 1199 .
AMA StylePierre Failler. Special Issue on Global Market for Crude Oil. Energies. 2021; 14 (4):1199.
Chicago/Turabian StylePierre Failler. 2021. "Special Issue on Global Market for Crude Oil." Energies 14, no. 4: 1199.
Marine coastal ecosystems are crucial to human populations in reducing disaster risk. Least Developed Countries are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, such as sea‐level rise and storm surges. The Mauritanian coast, West Africa, ranks among the most vulnerable worldwide to sea‐level rise, and coastal communities in the National Park of Banc d’Arguin (PNBA) are particularly at risk. Here, we assessed the service of coastal protection in PNBA by (1) mapping the coastal marine ecosystems with Sentinel‐2 imagery and determining their spatial wave height attenuation rates; (2) assessing the vulnerability of villages and natural habitats to coastal hazard risk; and (3) assessing the applicability of coastal protection measures in the PNBA. We found that a total of 83% of the populated coastline presents a moderate to high risk of flooding and erosion, with Iwik and R’Gueiba being the most threatened villages in the PNBA. As for the ecological risk, two low‐elevated islands, which support breeding colonies of birds, are particularly vulnerable to sea‐level rise. However, in other areas, the rupture in the dune cord created new lagoons that present valuable ecological and economic interests like the Lagoon of Bellaat. Improving the comprehension of wave attenuation provided by coastal habitats, combined with identifying the vulnerability and applicability of coastal protection measures, is essential for achieving the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction goals. In the PNBA, relocation of identified villages at risk is probably the best cost‐effective solution with the least disturbance to both breeding and wintering birds. Protection of coastal ecosystems will also ensure a continued provision of other ecosystem services, including food supply for sea dependent populations, and contribute to achieving the Paris Agreement and Sustainable Development Goals.
Ewan Trégarot; Thibault Catry; Auréa Pottier; El‐Hacen M. El‐Hacen; Mohamed Ahmed Sidi Cheikh; Cindy C. Cornet; Jean‐Philippe Maréchal; Pierre Failler. Coastal protection assessment: a tradeoff between ecological, social, and economic issues. Ecosphere 2021, 12, e03364 .
AMA StyleEwan Trégarot, Thibault Catry, Auréa Pottier, El‐Hacen M. El‐Hacen, Mohamed Ahmed Sidi Cheikh, Cindy C. Cornet, Jean‐Philippe Maréchal, Pierre Failler. Coastal protection assessment: a tradeoff between ecological, social, and economic issues. Ecosphere. 2021; 12 (2):e03364.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwan Trégarot; Thibault Catry; Auréa Pottier; El‐Hacen M. El‐Hacen; Mohamed Ahmed Sidi Cheikh; Cindy C. Cornet; Jean‐Philippe Maréchal; Pierre Failler. 2021. "Coastal protection assessment: a tradeoff between ecological, social, and economic issues." Ecosphere 12, no. 2: e03364.
The article aims to explore the heterogeneous feature in the determination of Bitcoin volatility using a Markov regime-switching model and test its forecasting ability. The forecasting methodology of the risk measurement of Bitcoin’s returns is based on the Conditional Autoregressive Value at Risk models (CAViaR) approach. Our results show that Bitcoin’s volatility is significantly related to the volatility of the crypto-asset’s return and the main determinants of volatility are speculation, investor attention, market interoperability and the interaction between speculation and market interoperability. In addition, we present evidence that investors’ attention is the main source of volatility. Speculation and the interaction term are related in a “U-shaped” form, whereas investor attention and market interoperability show a linear trend on the volatility of Bitcoin.
Zhenghui Li; Hao Dong; Christos Floros; Athanasios Charemis; Pierre Failler. Re-examining Bitcoin Volatility: A CAViaR-based Approach. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade 2021, 1 -19.
AMA StyleZhenghui Li, Hao Dong, Christos Floros, Athanasios Charemis, Pierre Failler. Re-examining Bitcoin Volatility: A CAViaR-based Approach. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade. 2021; ():1-19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhenghui Li; Hao Dong; Christos Floros; Athanasios Charemis; Pierre Failler. 2021. "Re-examining Bitcoin Volatility: A CAViaR-based Approach." Emerging Markets Finance and Trade , no. : 1-19.
As concerns regarding the adverse impacts of energy production and consumption on the environment grow, countries across the world are now charged with developing effective strategies that provide energy security and protect the environment. This means that efforts to generate significant investments and business opportunities to boost the growth of renewable energy need to increase rapidly. However, there are limited studies on what will facilitate the increase of renewable energy investment in Africa. The main factor considered in this study relates to the sensitivity to changes in oil prices, gross domestic product (GDP), interest rate and oil price volatility’s impact on the renewable energy investment (REI) in countries with energy security concerns and if there is any significant influence from oil price shocks. With the help of an unrestricted vector retrogressive model and an annual panel data approach that covers the period 1990–2018, this paper examines the link between renewable energy investment and three macroeconomic variables: oil prices, GDP growth-adjusted interest rates and oil price volatility. The results indicate that REI exhibited immediate positive responses to oil shocks. However, renewable energy investment continued to fluctuate negatively in response to GDP. The results also show that the REI responded positively to interest rates in Africa and it exhibited immediate negative responses to oil price volatility but became positive after the second period.
Ishaya Tambari; Pierre Failler. Determining If Oil Prices Significantly Affect Renewable Energy Investment in African Countries with Energy Security Concerns. Energies 2020, 13, 6740 .
AMA StyleIshaya Tambari, Pierre Failler. Determining If Oil Prices Significantly Affect Renewable Energy Investment in African Countries with Energy Security Concerns. Energies. 2020; 13 (24):6740.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIshaya Tambari; Pierre Failler. 2020. "Determining If Oil Prices Significantly Affect Renewable Energy Investment in African Countries with Energy Security Concerns." Energies 13, no. 24: 6740.
Taking China’s SO2 emissions trading pilot (ETP) in 2007, a large-scale market-based environmental regulation as its target, this paper reexamines the strong Porter hypothesis by adopting the method of propensity score matching-differences-in-differences. Research shows the following results: first, SO2 ETP which provides high flexibility for enterprises in the process of emission reduction, improves total factor productivity (TFP) significantly on the whole. Second, the productivity effect of market-based environmental regulation varies from the productivity level of enterprise. For example, the SO2 ETP has a significant effect on TFP only at 40–80 percent quantile of TFP, and the effect increases at first and then decreases. Third, the financing constraints and bargaining power of enterprises have significant negative moderating effects on the impact of SO2 ETP on TFP, and the moderating effects between state-owned and non-state-owned enterprises exist heterogeneity. In conclusion, it provides reference for the formulation of market-type environmental regulations and the realization of high-quality development for developing countries.
Yanhong Feng; Shuanglian Chen; Pierre Failler. Productivity Effect Evaluation on Market-Type Environmental Regulation: A Case Study of SO2 Emission Trading Pilot in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 8027 .
AMA StyleYanhong Feng, Shuanglian Chen, Pierre Failler. Productivity Effect Evaluation on Market-Type Environmental Regulation: A Case Study of SO2 Emission Trading Pilot in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (21):8027.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYanhong Feng; Shuanglian Chen; Pierre Failler. 2020. "Productivity Effect Evaluation on Market-Type Environmental Regulation: A Case Study of SO2 Emission Trading Pilot in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21: 8027.
The African coastline is bordered by highly valuable marine ecosystems, but the environmental degradation due to anthropogenic pressure alter the benefits that they render to people. Our paper aims at assessing the value of ecosystem services provided by mangroves, seagrass beds, coral reefs, and kelp forests present in the Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs) of Africa. After the mapping of coastal marine habitats, our valuation relies on the transfer of value of all ecosystem services from reference monetary unit values, extracted from the literature. A habitat functionality index based on the assumption that a higher population density and a higher demographic growth rate lead to a decrease in the functionality and services of marine habitats was then defined and incorporated into the valuation. The surveyed coastal habitats cover about 117,000 km2, with seagrass beds being by far the most extensive habitat. Present all along the coasts of Africa, their surface area represents about 62% of surveyed coastal habitats, followed by the mangroves (23%), coral reefs (15%). Kelp forests are only present in the southern Benguela Current LME. We estimated the annual value of the LME's coastal ecosystem services at 814 billion USD. Coral reefs have the highest value (588 billion USD/year), followed by seagrass beds (135 billion USD/year), mangroves (91 billion USD/year), and kelp forests (0.4 billion USD/year). The results show that ecosystem services from the four coastal habitat types had the highest value in the Agulhas Current LME, representing 38% of the total value, followed by the Red Sea LME (28%) and the Somali Coastal Current LME (10%). The three LMEs of the Atlantic side represent 15% of the total estimated value. Our paper highlighted many gaps that remain to be filled in terms of mapping and ecosystem services assessment in Africa. Nonetheless, our estimated values can facilitate dialogue between decision-makers and managers, and between countries sharing the same habitats and marine resources, toward better management of these ecosystems.
Ewan Trégarot; Grégoire Touron-Gardic; Cindy C. Cornet; Pierre Failler. Valuation of coastal ecosystem services in the Large Marine Ecosystems of Africa. Environmental Development 2020, 36, 100584 .
AMA StyleEwan Trégarot, Grégoire Touron-Gardic, Cindy C. Cornet, Pierre Failler. Valuation of coastal ecosystem services in the Large Marine Ecosystems of Africa. Environmental Development. 2020; 36 ():100584.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwan Trégarot; Grégoire Touron-Gardic; Cindy C. Cornet; Pierre Failler. 2020. "Valuation of coastal ecosystem services in the Large Marine Ecosystems of Africa." Environmental Development 36, no. : 100584.
Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME) captures continue to increase. They are now reaching 3.5. million tonnes compared to 2.5 million tonnes 20 years ago. While demersal resources reached a plateau by the end of the 1990s, small pelagic resources continue to increase due to the quality of the up-welling in recent years and now represent 80% of the total catches. Distant water fleets have considerably reduced their presence in CCMLE waters and are progressively replaced predominantly by West African fleets of canoes. The importance of the migratory fishery is growing as a strategy to cope with the drastic decline of coastal fish stocks in key fishing nations such as Senegal and Gambia. They contribute to about 20% of the catches of the sub-Saharan countries of the CCLME despite not appearing in any statistic and not being regulated at both national and regional scales. Trade is also a concern as the main routes are still those toward Europe and Asia for the high value species while low value fish goes to African countries, mainly bordering the Gulf of Guinea. In that regard, the CCLME remains the fish tank of Europe and, to a lower extent, of Asia. Less than 1% of the total catches are traded within the CCLME countries, indicating the strength of trade barriers in place.
Pierre Failler. Fisheries of the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem: From capture to trade with a consideration of migratory fisheries. Environmental Development 2020, 36, 100573 .
AMA StylePierre Failler. Fisheries of the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem: From capture to trade with a consideration of migratory fisheries. Environmental Development. 2020; 36 ():100573.
Chicago/Turabian StylePierre Failler. 2020. "Fisheries of the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem: From capture to trade with a consideration of migratory fisheries." Environmental Development 36, no. : 100573.
This paper outlines potential opportunities for Africa's Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs) development driven by blue economy from key strategic sectors including: Coastal and Marine Tourism; Climate Resilience; Environment; Blue Carbon and Ecosystem Services and Infrastructure. The sectoral approach is key to economic development in Africa with potential for income generation, employment creation and poverty reduction, as well as creating blue and green carbon sinks to address climate change problem and environmental management in African LMEs. The sectors establish linkages to countries' established Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the 2015 Paris Agreement on Climate Change making it possible to promote Integrated Approach at national, regional and continental sustainable development in Africa. The approach is complemented by the utilizing desk-top literature review and secondary data source on LMEs in Africa for blue economy. This approach is supplemented with professional experts' views and opinions, and additional data gathered from field visits to 13 African countries in August 2019 and Nairobi, Kenya Africa Blue Economy Strategy Consultative Workshop in October 2019. The Blue Economy approach development in Africa will benefit both inland and coastal countries. It is recommended that a strong development of the continental tourism will boost the demand for tourism services and infrastructures. The development of eco-tourism will contribute to the conservation of ecosystems and reduce the ecological footprint. Blue Carbon and Ecosystem Services offer an opportunity to develop coastal wetland projects to mitigating climate change. Coastal protection, biomass production and water purification are among the most important ecosystem services delivered by African LMEs. Their current value is estimated to the average monetary value of carbon sequestration of about USD 130,000 per km2 of mangrove, salt marshes and sea grasses.
Patrick Karani; Pierre Failler. Comparative coastal and marine tourism, climate change, and the blue economy in African Large Marine Ecosystems. Environmental Development 2020, 36, 100572 .
AMA StylePatrick Karani, Pierre Failler. Comparative coastal and marine tourism, climate change, and the blue economy in African Large Marine Ecosystems. Environmental Development. 2020; 36 ():100572.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatrick Karani; Pierre Failler. 2020. "Comparative coastal and marine tourism, climate change, and the blue economy in African Large Marine Ecosystems." Environmental Development 36, no. : 100572.
Mauritania is characterized by fast-growing fisheries that have developed over the past several decades from low levels of fishing to intense fishing and have led to severe decreases in biomass and severe signs of overexploitation. To ensure sustainable fisheries, a primary goal of science-based fisheries policy is to provide an adequate conservation status of marine habitats that are directly, or indirectly, fundamental for the lifecycle of fish populations of commercial interest. The National Park of Banc d’Arguin has been recognized for its nursery and fish biomass export functions. In this paper, we present the economic value of the fish provisioning service of marine coastal ecosystems of the protected area. We estimated the added value of artisanal fisheries, the spatial distribution of fishing activities, the contribution of the Park to the Mauritanian fisheries and the heritage value of artisanal fisheries. Overall, the average added value for artisanal fisheries is about 43 million MRU (1 million euros) over the period 2006–2017. It mainly benefits to the ship-owners, which generates inequalities and threatens the livelihoods of the Imraguen. The spatial distribution of fishing activities and associated revenues shows high variability throughout the years, the seasons and the geographic areas, and reveals the high adaptability of Imraguen fishers. Fishing grounds are mostly located close to the shore, associated with seagrass beds, confirming the service of fish provisioning rendered by this ecosystem. Furthermore, the high productivity of seagrass beds contributes to the spill-over of biomass. The contribution of the Park to fishing activities that occur within the Mauritanian Exclusive Economic Zone is estimated to 15%, representing an added value creation of 3.2 billion MRU (71 million euros). The heritage value of the fisheries is assessed, through fishers' willingness to accept to stop their fishing activities, at 17.5 million MRU (0.4 million euros). Thus, this paper highlights the necessity of incorporating an ecosystem-based approach along with fishers' knowledge and adaptability into future conservation plan of the National Park of Banc d’Arguin and fisheries management at the local, national and regional scale.
Ewan Trégarot; Beyah Meissa; Didier Gascuel; Ousmane Sarr; Yeslem El Valy; Oumar Hamet Wagne; Elimane Abou Kane; Abou Ciré Bal; Mohamed Saleck Haidallah; Assane Deda Fall; Abdou Daïm Dia; Pierre Failler. The role of marine protected areas in sustaining fisheries: The case of the National Park of Banc d’Arguin, Mauritania. Aquaculture and Fisheries 2020, 5, 1 .
AMA StyleEwan Trégarot, Beyah Meissa, Didier Gascuel, Ousmane Sarr, Yeslem El Valy, Oumar Hamet Wagne, Elimane Abou Kane, Abou Ciré Bal, Mohamed Saleck Haidallah, Assane Deda Fall, Abdou Daïm Dia, Pierre Failler. The role of marine protected areas in sustaining fisheries: The case of the National Park of Banc d’Arguin, Mauritania. Aquaculture and Fisheries. 2020; 5 (5):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwan Trégarot; Beyah Meissa; Didier Gascuel; Ousmane Sarr; Yeslem El Valy; Oumar Hamet Wagne; Elimane Abou Kane; Abou Ciré Bal; Mohamed Saleck Haidallah; Assane Deda Fall; Abdou Daïm Dia; Pierre Failler. 2020. "The role of marine protected areas in sustaining fisheries: The case of the National Park of Banc d’Arguin, Mauritania." Aquaculture and Fisheries 5, no. 5: 1.
African sustainable energy and marine mineral resources have the potential for significant contributions to African economic development goals through job creation and contributions to the Gross Domestic Product of the countries bordering the seven African Large Marine Ecosystems – Canary Current, Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Somali Coastal Current, Agulhas Current, Benguela Current and the Guinea Current. Though their potential is not fully assessed, based on our preliminary assessment it is expected that by 2030 and 2063 blue energy could add value of about USD1.6 billion and USD2.3 billion, in mining of minerals about USD76 billion and USD123 billion, and in oil and gas production about USD100 billion and USD138 billion, respectively. By 2030, 2063 blue energy employment can reach about 0.2 million and 0.5 million jobs, in ocean mining about 2 million and 4 million jobs could be created, and in oil and gas production about 1.8 million and 5 million jobs would be expected. In order to achieve these benefits, Africans need to tackle complex technical and policy related challenges. Among the recommended changes, it would be necessary to unlock sustainable blue energy regulations with forward looking new development policies.
Asmerom M. Gilau; Pierre Failler. Economic assessment of sustainable blue energy and marine mining resources linked to African Large Marine Ecosystems. Environmental Development 2020, 36, 100548 .
AMA StyleAsmerom M. Gilau, Pierre Failler. Economic assessment of sustainable blue energy and marine mining resources linked to African Large Marine Ecosystems. Environmental Development. 2020; 36 ():100548.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsmerom M. Gilau; Pierre Failler. 2020. "Economic assessment of sustainable blue energy and marine mining resources linked to African Large Marine Ecosystems." Environmental Development 36, no. : 100548.
Throughout the world, biodiversity and nature's contributions to people are under threat, with clear changes evident. Biodiversity and ecosystem services have particular value in Africa– yet they are negatively impacted by a range of drivers, including land use and climate change. In this communication, we show evidence of changing biodiversity and ecosystem services in Africa, as well as the current most significant drivers of change. We then consider five plausible futures for the African continent, each underlain by differing assumptions. In three out of the five futures under consideration, negative impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services are likely to persist. Those two plausible futures prioritizing environment and sustainability, however, are shown as the most likely paths to achieving long term development objectives without compromising the continent's biodiversity and ecosystem services. Such a finding shows clearly that achievement of such objectives cannot be separated from full recognition of the value of such services.
E. Archer; Luthando Dziba; K.J. Mulongoy; M.A. Maoela; M. Walters; R. Biggs; M-C. Cormier Salem; F. DeClerck; M.C. Diaw; A.E. Dunham; Pierre Failler; C. Gordon; K.A. Harhash; R. Kasisi; F. Kizito; W.D. Nyingi; N. Oguge; B. Osman-Elasha; L.C. Stringer; L. Tito de Morais; A. Assogbadjo; B.N. Egoh; M.W. Halmy; K. Heubach; A. Mensah; L. Pereira; N. Sitas. Biodiversity and ecosystem services on the African continent – What is changing, and what are our options? Environmental Development 2020, 37, 100558 .
AMA StyleE. Archer, Luthando Dziba, K.J. Mulongoy, M.A. Maoela, M. Walters, R. Biggs, M-C. Cormier Salem, F. DeClerck, M.C. Diaw, A.E. Dunham, Pierre Failler, C. Gordon, K.A. Harhash, R. Kasisi, F. Kizito, W.D. Nyingi, N. Oguge, B. Osman-Elasha, L.C. Stringer, L. Tito de Morais, A. Assogbadjo, B.N. Egoh, M.W. Halmy, K. Heubach, A. Mensah, L. Pereira, N. Sitas. Biodiversity and ecosystem services on the African continent – What is changing, and what are our options? Environmental Development. 2020; 37 ():100558.
Chicago/Turabian StyleE. Archer; Luthando Dziba; K.J. Mulongoy; M.A. Maoela; M. Walters; R. Biggs; M-C. Cormier Salem; F. DeClerck; M.C. Diaw; A.E. Dunham; Pierre Failler; C. Gordon; K.A. Harhash; R. Kasisi; F. Kizito; W.D. Nyingi; N. Oguge; B. Osman-Elasha; L.C. Stringer; L. Tito de Morais; A. Assogbadjo; B.N. Egoh; M.W. Halmy; K. Heubach; A. Mensah; L. Pereira; N. Sitas. 2020. "Biodiversity and ecosystem services on the African continent – What is changing, and what are our options?" Environmental Development 37, no. : 100558.
The impacts of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution on health outcomes, especially those of children, have attracted worldwide attention. Based on the PM2.5 concentration data of 94 countries, including the least developed countries estimated by satellite observations in nearly 20 years, this paper investigated the impacts of PM2.5 pollution on under-five mortality rate (U5MR) and analyzed the role of public service in moderating the PM2.5-mortality relationship. Results indicated that PM2.5 pollution had significantly positive influence on U5MR globally. However, the effects of fine particulate pollution on child mortality were heterogeneous in terms of their significance and degrees in countries with different levels of development. A further test based on panel threshold model revealed that public service, measured by public education spending and sanitation service, played a positive moderating role in the PM2.5-mortality relationship. Specifically, when the ratio of public education expenditure in GDP of a country exceeded the first threshold value 3.39% and the second threshold value 5.47%, the magnitude of the impacts of PM2.5 pollution on U5MR significantly decreased accordingly. When the percentage of population with access to improved sanitation facilities in a country was over 41.3%, the health damaging effects were reduced by more than half. This paper fills the current gap of PM2.5 research in least developed countries and provides key policy recommendations.
Siming Liu; Qing Wei; Pierre Failler; Hong Lan. Fine Particulate Air Pollution, Public Service, and Under-Five Mortality: A Cross-Country Empirical Study. Healthcare 2020, 8, 271 .
AMA StyleSiming Liu, Qing Wei, Pierre Failler, Hong Lan. Fine Particulate Air Pollution, Public Service, and Under-Five Mortality: A Cross-Country Empirical Study. Healthcare. 2020; 8 (3):271.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSiming Liu; Qing Wei; Pierre Failler; Hong Lan. 2020. "Fine Particulate Air Pollution, Public Service, and Under-Five Mortality: A Cross-Country Empirical Study." Healthcare 8, no. 3: 271.
Due to multiple properties, the international crude oil price is influenced by various and complex interrelated factors from different determinants in different periods. However, the previous studies on crude oil price fluctuation with economic policy uncertainty (EPU) haven’t taken a wider range of volatility sources into their analysis frameworks. In this paper, the time-varying parameter factor-augmented vector autoregressive (TVP-FAVAR) model is introduced in order to avoid important information loss, as well as capture the time-varying impact on crude oil price fluctuation by EPU. Furthermore, the differences on crude oil fluctuations from net-oil exporting and net-oil importing country’s EPU are also elaborated. Here are three findings as follows. First, the impacts of global EPU on the crude oil price volatility show time-varying characteristics both in time duration and time-points. Second, the instantaneous impacts of global EPU on the price volatility of crude oil are directly relevant to major events, and the impacts are different in event types as well. Third, the time-varying characteristics depicting the impacts of EPU in countries who are net-oil exporter and net-oil importer on price volatility of crude oil show heterogeneity in fluctuation range, fluctuation intensity, and stage.
Yanhong Feng; Dilong Xu; Pierre Failler; Tinghui Li. Research on the Time-Varying Impact of Economic Policy Uncertainty on Crude Oil Price Fluctuation. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6523 .
AMA StyleYanhong Feng, Dilong Xu, Pierre Failler, Tinghui Li. Research on the Time-Varying Impact of Economic Policy Uncertainty on Crude Oil Price Fluctuation. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (16):6523.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYanhong Feng; Dilong Xu; Pierre Failler; Tinghui Li. 2020. "Research on the Time-Varying Impact of Economic Policy Uncertainty on Crude Oil Price Fluctuation." Sustainability 12, no. 16: 6523.
This paper discusses the impacts of Climate Change and anthropogenic activities on coastal lagoons in Ghana. Ghana’s coastal lagoons provide unique ecosystem services. However, they are highly fragile and vulnerable to natural processes and anthropogenic activities. Climate Change impacts, such as increased temperatures, sea-level rise, storm surge and increased precipitation are likely to have ecological damage to lagoon ecosystems as a result of erosion, submergence of lagoon barriers, flooding and drying of the surrounding wetlands. Field observation, Geographic Information System modeling were among the methodology applied. The paper identified that anthropogenic activities and Climate Change would combine to have a serious future impact on lagoon ecosystems. Particularly, increased rainfall-induced flooding from the hinterland may be very injurious to the lagoon ecosystem, since the flood water may carry not only nutrients but also various contaminants and solid plastic waste generated by human activities around lagoons catchment into the lagoon channels. Besides, due to the barriers across most lagoon inlets, such polluted runoff water may not be able to flush out to sea, thus impacting negatively on the water quality of the lagoons. The paper proposes some adaptation strategies and recommends the early implementation of Climate Change adaptation strategies, coastal lagoon management measures to prevent potential future destructive impacts.
Isaac Boateng; Steve Mitchell; Fay Couceiro; Pierre Failler. An Investigation into the Impacts of Climate Change on Anthropogenic Polluted Coastal Lagoons in Ghana. Coastal Management 2020, 1 -22.
AMA StyleIsaac Boateng, Steve Mitchell, Fay Couceiro, Pierre Failler. An Investigation into the Impacts of Climate Change on Anthropogenic Polluted Coastal Lagoons in Ghana. Coastal Management. 2020; ():1-22.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsaac Boateng; Steve Mitchell; Fay Couceiro; Pierre Failler. 2020. "An Investigation into the Impacts of Climate Change on Anthropogenic Polluted Coastal Lagoons in Ghana." Coastal Management , no. : 1-22.
This paper aims to comprehensively analyze the relationship between energy price and green energy innovation in China, and first studies the impact of energy price on China’s green energy innovation, then further investigates the moderating role of energy price distortion in the price–innovation relationship, especially in the context of lagging energy marketization level in the process of China’s transition from planned economy to the market economy. Based on the data of 30 provinces in China from 2003 to 2017, this paper provides a measurement of green energy innovation capacity through the number of “alternative energy production” and “energy conservation” patents. Our results show that energy price has a significantly positive impact on China’s green energy innovation, no matter the number of green energy patent applications or the number of green energy patent grants is used as the proxy of green energy innovation capacity. However, there exists heterogeneity related to the influence of energy price on green energy innovation. Specifically, energy price has a noticeable role in promoting green energy innovation in central and western China, but not in eastern China. Further research results show that energy price distortion significantly reduces the inducing effect of energy price on green energy innovation. Meanwhile, the distortion degrees of energy price in the central and western regions of China are significantly lower than that in the eastern region, which explains to a large extent why the inducing effect of energy price on innovation is more prominent in the central and western regions.
Yue Liu; Siming Liu; Xueying Xu; Pierre Failler. Does Energy Price Induce China’s Green Energy Innovation? Energies 2020, 13, 4034 .
AMA StyleYue Liu, Siming Liu, Xueying Xu, Pierre Failler. Does Energy Price Induce China’s Green Energy Innovation? Energies. 2020; 13 (15):4034.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYue Liu; Siming Liu; Xueying Xu; Pierre Failler. 2020. "Does Energy Price Induce China’s Green Energy Innovation?" Energies 13, no. 15: 4034.
Marine plastic pollution has emerged as a global threat to our oceans. Although several instruments have been developed at the international level, the global governance of marine plastic pollution is still affected by several weaknesses. The article explores some of these weaknesses and attempts to define areas for action: harmonisation of international laws; coherence across national policies; coordination of international organisations; and science-policy interaction. The article presents the problem of marine plastic pollution and focuses on the policy response in place at the international level. It discusses the problem of national implementation in a web of intertwined sectoral policies and analyses the organisational structure competent for marine affairs at the global level. The role of science advice as a coordinating mechanism is also investigated. While analysing these institutional challenges, the article delineates a policy agenda for the future governance of plastic pollution at the global scale.
Gianluca Ferraro; Pierre Failler. Governing plastic pollution in the oceans: Institutional challenges and areas for action. Environmental Science & Policy 2020, 112, 453 -460.
AMA StyleGianluca Ferraro, Pierre Failler. Governing plastic pollution in the oceans: Institutional challenges and areas for action. Environmental Science & Policy. 2020; 112 ():453-460.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGianluca Ferraro; Pierre Failler. 2020. "Governing plastic pollution in the oceans: Institutional challenges and areas for action." Environmental Science & Policy 112, no. : 453-460.
A Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) is under discussion for the period 2021–2030, which will replace the “Aichi Targets” adopted by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 2010. Given the limited success in meeting most of the Aichi Targets, this new framework must adopt a different approach. A key challenge the GBF must address is its implementation at national scales. Four ways this implementation challenge can be addressed include: The framework must move away from numerical targets to pursue positive trends in biodiversity, through adopting a “vectors of change” approach; The framework should be structured to focus on ecosystems and processes; The framework should synergise more extensively with existing biodiversity-relevant global agreements to maximise leverage and reduce overlap of resource use; The framework must adopt a much stronger theory of change than is in the current GBF Draft, to serve as the roadmap governments can use in upscaling their implementation of biodiversity conservation, sustainable use and benefit sharing. Finally, the GBF must become a “learning framework”, committed to facilitating and enabling governments to each meet their specific biodiversity challenges, while sharing back experiences with the global community, leading ultimately to realising the 2050 CBD vision of people living in harmony with nature.
Sui C. Phang; Pierre Failler; Peter Bridgewater. Addressing the implementation challenge of the global biodiversity framework. Biodiversity and Conservation 2020, 29, 1 -6.
AMA StyleSui C. Phang, Pierre Failler, Peter Bridgewater. Addressing the implementation challenge of the global biodiversity framework. Biodiversity and Conservation. 2020; 29 (9-10):1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSui C. Phang; Pierre Failler; Peter Bridgewater. 2020. "Addressing the implementation challenge of the global biodiversity framework." Biodiversity and Conservation 29, no. 9-10: 1-6.